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Challenges facing the USA in matching Germany on advanced manufacturing for green growth

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International Journal of Innovation Studies 2024年第1期8卷 13-24页

作者： Mikael Skou Andersen Aarhus University Dept.of Environmental ScienceKatrinebjergvej 89G8200Aarhus N.Denmark

This study explores the relative strength of public policies promoting advanced manufacturing by comparing the government programs and capacities of two world leaders in science and technology:the USA and *** on insights from’varieties-of-capitalism’literature and using process tracing methodology,this study identifies significant differences in today’s pursuit of advanced *** German model of Rhine capitalism has strength due to its long tradition of diversified quality work,built on a long-term commitment to government-industry collaboration,with significant indirect public support provided by vocational training and research *** American model of Manchester capitalism has been challenged by the loss of millions of low-skilled manufacturing jobs due to outsourcing and competition from *** study finds that the“Manufacturing USA”policy initiative of the Obama era,although directly inspired by Germany’s Fraunhofer institutes,is hampered by the contextual and institutional circumstances *** biobased carbon fibers offering the potential of a novel,low-cost material,pursued with research and development(R&D)efforts in both countries,it provides a measure for evaluating policy outcomes,and the study confirms Germany’s technological *** addition,the study’s process-tracing methodology reveals that significant legacies from German knowledge creation in the past have spilled over to American science and technology,and may continue to do so,lured by government *** studies on advanced manufacturing should test the robustness of these findings.

关键词： Research policy Industry 4.0 Bioeconomy Low-carbon innovation Varieties of capitalism Process tracing

Reducing the Tax Burden?Opportunity to Craft a Balanced Approach under Pillar Two

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Belt and Road Initiative Tax Journal 2024年第1期5卷 70-80页

作者： Edwin Visser Blazej Kuzniacki Pedro Schoueri dept.Global Tax Policy PwC Netherlands

The global minimum tax impacts the effectiveness of tax *** countries view tax burden reduction as a necessary lever to promote foreign direct investment(FDI)and economic *** this article,the authors provide a broader *** proposed holistic approach may offer insights to lowincome and emerging countries in facing current challenges in the sphere of taxation and economic growth.

关键词： Enhancing FDI Reducing tax burden Tax mix Tax and non-tax factors Adjusting tax system to Pillar Two

Seismic risk assessment for developing countries: Pakistan as a case study

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2018年第4期17卷 787-804页

作者： Shaukat A.Khan Kypros Pilakoutas Iman Hajirasouliha Reyes Garcia Maurizio Guadagnini dept. of Civil Engineering Abasyn University dept. of Civil and Structural Engineering The University of Sheffield

Modern Earthquake Risk Assessment（ERA） methods usually require seismo-tectonic information for Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment（PSHA） that may not be readily available in developing countries. To bypass this drawback, this paper presents a practical event-based PSHA method that uses instrumental seismicity, available historical seismicity, as well as limited information on geology and tectonic setting. Historical seismicity is integrated with instrumental seismicity to determine the long-term hazard. The tectonic setting is included by assigning seismic source zones associated with known major faults. Monte Carlo simulations are used to generate earthquake catalogues with randomized key hazard parameters. A case study region in Pakistan is selected to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method. The results indicate that the proposed method produces seismic hazard maps consistent with previous studies, thus being suitable for generating such maps in regions where limited data are available. The PSHA procedure is developed as an integral part of an ERA framework named EQRAM. The framework is also used to determine seismic risk in terms of annual losses for the study region.

关键词： recycled concrete frame-shear wall concealed bracings shaking table test nonlinear time-history responseanalysis

Analytical solutions of uniform extended dislocations and tractions over a circular area in anisotropic magnetoelectroelastic bimaterials

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2013年第1期29卷 73-84页

作者： Y.-F. Zhao X.-C. Shang E. Pan dept. of Civil Engineering University of Akron dept. of Applied Mechanics University of Science and Technology

In this paper, we derive the analytical solutions in a three-dimensional anisotropic magnetoelectroelastic bimaterial space subject to uniform extended dislocations and tractions within a horizontal circular area. By virtue of the Stroh formalism and Fourier transformation, the final expression of solutions in the physical domain contains only line integrals over [0, 2π] rather than infinite integrals. As the reduced cases, the half-space and homogeneous full-space solutions can be directly derived from the present solutions. Also, in terms of material domains, the present solutions can be reduced to the piezoelectric, piezomagnetic, purely elastic materials with different symmetries of material prop- erty. To carry out numerical calculations, Gauss quadrature is adopted. In the numerical examples, the effect of different loading locations on the response at the interface is analyzed. It is shown that, when the magnetic traction or electric dislocation is applied, the physical quantities on the interface may not decrease monotonically as the loading area moves away from the interface. The distributions of different in-plane physical quantities on the upper and lower interfaces under various extended horizontal loadings are compared and the differences are discussed. The work presented in this paper can serve as benchmarks for future numerical studies in related research fields.

关键词： Anisotropic bimaterial space. Magnetoelectroe- lastic Extended dislocations Extended tractions Circular loading Analytic solutions

Seismic fragility assessment of existing sub-standard low strength reinforced concrete structures

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2015年第3期14卷 439-452页

作者： Sohaib Ahmad Nicolas Kyriakides Kypros Pilakoutas Kyriacos Neocleous Qaiser uz Zaman dept. of Civil and Structural Engineering University of Sheffield dept. of Civil Engineering and Geomatics Cyprus University of Technology dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Engineering and Technology

An analytical seismic fragility assessment framework is presented for the existing low strength reinforced concrete structures more common in the building stock of the developing *** realistic modelling of such substandard structures,low strength concrete stress-strain and bond-slip capacity models are included in calibrating material *** capacity parameters are generated stochastically to produce building population and cyclic pushover analysis is carried out to capture inelastic *** period values are evaluated corresponding to each displacement step on the capacity curves and used as seismic demand.A modified capacity demand diagram method is adopted for the degrading structures,which is further used to evaluate peak ground acceleration from back analysis considering each point on the capacity curve as performance *** developing fragility curves,the mean values of peak ground acceleration are evaluated corresponding to each performance point on the series of capacity curves.A suitable probability distribution function is adopted for the secant period scatter at different mean peak ground acceleration values and probability of exceedance of limit states is evaluated.A suitable regression function is used for developing fragility curves and regression coefficients are proposed for different confidence *** curves are presented for a low rise pre-seismic code reinforced concrete structure typical of developing countries.

关键词： analytical fragility damage index non-engineered b

Evaluating location specific strain rates, temperatures,and accumulated strains in friction welds through microstructure modeling

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2018年第2期14卷 83-92页

作者： Javed Akram Prasad Rao Kalvala Vikas Jindal Mano Misra dept. of Metallurgical Engineering University of Utah dept. of Metallurgical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology(BHU)

A microstructural simulation method is adopted to predict the location specific strain rates, temperatures, grain evolution, and accumulated strains in the Inconel 718 friction welds. Cellular automata based 2D microstructure model was developed for Inconel 718 alloy using theoretical aspects of dynamic recrystallization. Flow curves were simulated and compared with experimental results using hot deformation parameter obtained from literature work. Using validated model, simulations were performed for friction welds of Inconel 718 alloy generated at three rotational speed i.e., 1200, 1500, and1500 RPM. Results showed the increase in strain rates with increasing rotational speed. These simulated strain rates were found to match with the analytical results. Temperature difference of 150 K was noticed from center to edge of the weld. At all the rotational speeds, the temperature was identical implying steady state temperature(0.89 T_m) attainment.

关键词： Microstructure modeling Dynamic recrystallization Friction welding Inconel 718 EBSD Hot deformation Strain map

SPTLC2 gene mutation leads to childhood amyotrophic lateral sclerosis:a case report and literature review

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China Medical Abstracts(Internal Medicine) 2024年第1期41卷 61-62页

作者：杨洵哲 dept.Neurol PUMC&CAMSBeijing 100730

Objective To report the clinical characteristics of a case of childhood amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)caused by SPTLC2 c.778G> A (***260Lys)*** Whole exon sequencing or whole genome sequencing data from 1 936 pat... 详细信息

关键词： amyotrophic sclerosis clinical

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China Medical Abstracts(Internal Medicine) 2024年第1期41卷 62-63页

作者：谢曼青 dept.Neurol PUMC&CAMSBeijing 100730

Objective To elucidate the clinical and genetic characteristics of PLA2G6-related *** The clinical,imaging and genetic data of 6patients with PLA2G6-related parkinsonism admitted to Peking Union Medical College Hospit... 详细信息

关键词： clinical admitted PLA2

Correlation of coronary angiography and blood biochemical indexes among different Chinese medicine syndromes of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease

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China Medical Abstracts(Internal Medicine) 2024年第2期41卷 78-79页

作者：黄娟 dept.TCM Peking Univ Internatl HospBeijing 102206

Objective To observe the relationship between different Chinese medicine(CM)syndromes of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease(CAHD)with coronary angiography(CAG),blood biochemical indexes,and major adverse cardiovascular events(MACE).Methods A total of 686 CAHD patients who visited Peking University International Hospital and Peking University People's Hospital from May,2015 to Oct,2018 were *** patients were assigned to qi-stagnation and blood-stasis type(221 cases),phlegm-turbidity blocking collateral type(189 cases),qi-deficiency and bloodstasis type(178 cases),qi-yin deficiency type(50 cases),and yin-cold stagnation type(48 cases)according to CM *** levels of blood biochemical indexes and the results of CAG of different CM syndromes were compared.A 3 years follow-up was *** Compared with qi-stagnation and blood-stasis type,apolipoproteins B(ApoB),apolipoproteins A-1(ApoA1),total cholesterol(TC),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),lipoprotein(a)[Lp(a)],and Gensini score decreased in phlegmturbidity blocking collateral type(P<0.05)。

关键词： coronary syndromes cholesterol