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A Deep Learning Framework for Mass-Forming Chronic Pancreatitis and Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Classification Based on Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第4期79卷 409-427页

作者： Luda Chen Kuangzhu Bao Ying Chen Jingang Hao Jianfeng He Faculty of Information Engineering and Automation Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunming650504China Department of radiology Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical UniversityKunming650101China School of physics and Electronic Engineering Yuxi Normal UniversityYuxi653100China

Pancreatic diseases, including mass-forming chronic pancreatitis (MFCP) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC), present with similar imaging features, leading to diagnostic complexities. Deep Learning (DL) methodshave been shown to perform well on diagnostic tasks. Existing DL pancreatic lesion diagnosis studies basedon Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) utilize the prior information to guide models to focus on the lesionregion. However, over-reliance on prior information may ignore the background information that is helpful fordiagnosis. This study verifies the diagnostic significance of the background information using a clinical dataset.Consequently, the Prior Difference Guidance Network (PDGNet) is proposed, merging decoupled lesion andbackground information via the Prior Normalization Fusion (PNF) strategy and the Feature Difference Guidance(FDG) module, to direct the model to concentrate on beneficial regions for diagnosis. Extensive experiments inthe clinical dataset demonstrate that the proposed method achieves promising diagnosis performance: PDGNetsbased on conventional networks record an ACC (Accuracy) and AUC (Area Under the Curve) of 87.50% and89.98%, marking improvements of 8.19% and 7.64% over the prior-free benchmark. Compared to lesion-focusedbenchmarks, the uplift is 6.14% and 6.02%. PDGNets based on advanced networks reach an ACC and AUC of89.77% and 92.80%. The study underscores the potential of harnessing background information in medical imagediagnosis, suggesting a more holistic view for future research.

关键词： Pancreatic cancer pancreatitis background region prior normalization fusion feature difference guidance

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Life Time Attributable Cancer Risk Estimated Using Scanner Reported Dose Length Product during Chest Computed Tomography Imaging in Young Children

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Open Journal of radiology 2024年第2期14卷 74-82页

作者： Mousa Bakkari Khaled Soliman Abdullah Alrushoud Marwan Fahad Alosaimi Hanaa Alsheikh Abdelwahed Alhejaili medical physics Department Prince Sultan Military Medical City Riyadh Saudi Arabia Radiogiadnostic and medical Imaging Department Prince Sultan Military Medical City Riyadh Saudi Arabia

This study aims to estimate the lifetime attributable cancer risk (LAR) for pediatric chest computed tomography (CT) examinations in five age groups using recently published age and region-specific conversion coefficients multiplying the widely available scanner registered dose length products (DLP) displayed on the CT console and hence calculating the Effective Dose (ED). The ED is then multiplied by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) published risk factor for LAR. The obtained LAR values are compared with the international literature. Factors that may affect the LAR value are reported and discussed. The study included one hundred twenty five chest CT examinations for both males and females aged from less than one year to fifteen years. The patients reported data are from one single medical institution and using two CT scanners from June 2022 to December 2023. The results of this study may serve as benchmark for institutional radiation dose reference levels and risk estimation.

关键词： Cancer Risk LAR Chest CT Pediatric radiology Radiation Dose DLP

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Large-scale particle trapping by acoustic vortices with a continuously variable topological charge

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Chinese physics B 2024年第7期 408-417页

作者：庄昊霏张清源胡格昊王青东杜立彬 College of Electronic and Information Engineering Shandong University of Science and Technology Department of radiology the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University College of Ocean Science and Engineering Shandong University of Science and Technology

Strengthened directivity with higher-order side lobes can be generated by the transducer with a larger radius at a higher frequency. The multi-annular pressure distributions are displayed in the cross-section of the acoustic vortices(AVs)which are formed by side lobes. In the near field, particles can be trapped in the valley region between the two annuli of the pressure peak, and cannot be moved to the vortex center. In this paper, a trapping method based on a sector transducer array is proposed, which is characterized by the continuously variable topological charge(CVTC). This acoustic field can not only enlarge the range of particle trapping but also improve the aggregation degree of the trapped particles. In the experiments, polyethylene particles with a diameter of 0.2 mm are trapped into the multi-annular valleys by the AV with a fixed topological charge. Nevertheless, by applying the CVTC, particles outside the radius of the AV can cross the pressure peak successfully and move to the vortex center. Theoretical studies are also verified by the experimental particles trapping using the AV with the continuous variation of three topological charges, and suggest the potential application of large-scale particle trapping in biomedical engineering.

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Review of deep learning and artificial intelligence models in fetal brain magnetic resonance imaging

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2023年第16期11卷 3725-3735页

作者： Farzan Vahedifard Jubril O Adepoju Mark Supanich Hua Asher Ai Xuchu Liu Mehmet Kocak Kranthi K Marathu Sharon E Byrd Department of Diagnostic radiology and Nuclear Medicine Rush Medical CollegeChicagoIL 606012United States Division for Diagnostic medical physics Department of Radiology and Nuclear MedicineRush University Medical CenterChicagoIL 606012United States

Central nervous system abnormalities in fetuses are fairly common,happening in 0.1%to 0.2%of live births and in 3%to 6%of stillbirths.So initial detection and categorization of fetal Brain abnormalities are critical.Manually detecting and segmenting fetal brain magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)could be timeconsuming,and susceptible to interpreter experience.Artificial intelligence(AI)algorithms and machine learning approaches have a high potential for assisting in the early detection of these problems,improving the diagnosis process and follow-up procedures.The use of AI and machine learning techniques in fetal brain MRI was the subject of this narrative review paper.Using AI,anatomic fetal brain MRI processing has investigated models to predict specific landmarks and segmentation automatically.All gestation age weeks(17-38 wk)and different AI models(mainly Convolutional Neural Network and U-Net)have been used.Some models'accuracy achieved 95%and more.AI could help preprocess and postprocess fetal images and reconstruct images.Also,AI can be used for gestational age prediction(with one-week accuracy),fetal brain extraction,fetal brain segmentation,and placenta detection.Some fetal brain linear measurements,such as Cerebral and Bone Biparietal Diameter,have been suggested.Classification of brain pathology was studied using diagonal quadratic discriminates analysis,Knearest neighbor,random forest,naive Bayes,and radial basis function neural network classifiers.Deep learning methods will become more powerful as more large-scale,labeled datasets become available.Having shared fetal brain MRI datasets is crucial because there aren not many fetal brain pictures available.Also,physicians should be aware of AI's function in fetal brain MRI,particularly neuroradiologists,general radiologists,and perinatologists.

关键词： Artificial intelligence Fetal brain Magnetic resonance imaging Neuroimaging

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Impact of random and scattered coincidences from outside of field of view on positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging with different reconstruction protocols

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2023年第12期34卷 40-52页

作者： Mahak Osouli Alamdari Pardis Ghafarian Arman Rahmim Mehrdad Bakhshayesh‑Karam Mohammad Reza Ay Department of medical physics Iran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases(NRITLD)Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran PET/CT and Cyclotron Center Masih Daneshvari HospitalShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran departments of radiology and physics University of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging Advanced Medical Technologies and Equipment InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran Department of medical physics and Biomedical Engineering Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran

Image quality in positron emission tomography(PET)is affected by random and scattered coincidences and reconstruction protocols.In this study,we investigated the effects of scattered and random coincidences from outside the field of view(FOV)on PET image quality for different reconstruction protocols.Imaging was performed on the Discovery 690 PET/CT scanner,using experimental configurations including the NEMA phantom(a body phantom,with six spheres of different sizes)with a signal background ratio of 4:1.The NEMA phantom(phantom I)was scanned separately in a one-bed position.To simulate the effect of random and scatter coincidences from outside the FOV,six cylindrical phantoms with various diameters were added to the NEMA phantom(phantom II).The 18 emission datasets with mean intervals of 15 min were acquired(3 min/scan).The emission data were reconstructed using different techniques.The image quality parameters were evaluated by both phantoms.Variations in the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)in a 28-mm(10-mm)sphere of phantom II were 37.9%(86.5%)for ordered-subset expectation maximization(OSEM-only),36.8%(81.5%)for point spread function(PSF),32.7%(80.7%)for time of flight(TOF),and 31.5%(77.8%)for OSEM+PSF+TOF,respectively,indicating that OSEM+PSF+TOF reconstruction had the lowest noise levels and lowest coefficient of variation(COV)values.Random and scatter coincidences from outside the FOV induced lower SNR,lower contrast,and higher COV values,indicating image deterioration and significantly impacting smaller sphere sizes.Amongst reconstruction protocols,OSEM+PSF+TOF and OSEM+PSF showed higher contrast values for sphere sizes of 22,28,and 37 mm and higher contrast recovery coefficient values for smaller sphere sizes of 10 and 13 mm.

关键词： Positron emission tomography/computed tomography(PET/CT) Random coincidences Scatter coincidences·Time of flight(TOF) Point spread function(PSF) Field of view(FOV) Noise equivalent count rate(NECR) Signal-toNoise ratio(SNR)

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Recent biomedical advances enabled by HaloTag technology

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BIOCELL 2022年第8期46卷 1789-1801页

作者： WEIYU CHEN MUHSIN HYOUNIS ZHONGKUO ZHAO WEIBO CAI The Fourth Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of MedicineYiwu322000China International Institutes of Medicine The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineYiwu322000China departments of radiology and medical physics University of Wisconsin—MadisonMadisonWI53705USA

The knowledge of interactions among functional proteins helps researchers understand disease mechanisms and design potential strategies for treatment.As a general approach,the fluorescent and affinity tags were employed for exploring this field by labeling the Protein of Interest(POI).However,the autofluorescence and weak binding strength significantly reduce the accuracy and specificity of these tags.Conversely,HaloTag,a novel self-labeling enzyme(SLE)tag,could quickly form a covalent bond with its ligand,enabling fast and specific labeling of POI.These desirable features greatly increase the accuracy and specificity,making the HaloTag a valuable system for various applications ranging from imaging to immobilization of POI.Notably,the HaloTag technique has already been successfully employed in a series of studies with excellent efficiency.In this review,we summarize the development of HaloTag and recent advanced investigations associated with HaloTag,including in vitro imaging(e.g.,POI imaging,cellular condition monitoring,microorganism imaging,system development),in vivo imaging,biomolecule immobilization(e.g.,POI collection,protein/nuclear acid interaction and protein structure analysis),targeted degradation(e.g.,L-AdPROM),and more.We also present a systematic discussion regarding the future direction and challenges of the HaloTag technique.

关键词： HaloTag Site-specific labeling Biomolecule interaction Molecular imaging Positron emission tomography

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Virtual endoscopy of the urinary tract

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2006年第1期8卷 31-38页

作者： George C.Kagadis Dimitrios Siablis Evangelos N.Liatsikos Theodore Petsas George C. Nikiforidis Department of medical physics Department of radiology Department of Urology School of MedicineUniversity of PatrasGR 26500 RionGreece Department of radiology Department of medical physics

Technological breakthroughs have advanced the temporal and spatial resolutions of diagnostic imaging, and 3 dimensional （3-D） reconstruction techniques have been introduced into everyday clinical practice. Virtual endoscopy （VE） is a non-invasive technique that amplifies the perception of cross-sectional images in the 3-D space, providing precise spatial relationships of pathological regions and their surrounding structures. A variety of computer algorithms can be used to generate 3-D images, taking advantage of the information inherent in either spiral computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging （MRI）. VE images enable endoluminal navigation through hollow organs, thus simulating conventional endoscopy. Several clinical studies have validated the diagnostic utility of virtual cystoscopy, which has high sensitivity and specificity rates in the detection of bladder tumor. Published experience in the virtual exploration of the renal pelvis, ureter and urethra is encouraging but still scarce. VE is a safe, non-invasive method that could be applied in the long-term follow-up of patients with ureteropelvic junction obstruction, urinary bladder tumors and ureteral and/or urethral strictures. Its principal limitations are the inability to provide biopsy tissue specimens for histopathologic examination and the associated ionizing radiation hazards （unless MR/is used）. However, in the case of endoluminal stenosis or obstruction, VE permits virtual endoluminal navigation both cephalad and caudal to the stenotic segment. To conclude, VE provides a less invasive method of evaluating the urinary tract, especially for clinicians who are less familiar with cross-sectional imaging than radiologists. （Asian J Androl 2006 Jan; 8： 31-38）

关键词： computed tomography three-dimensional imaging virtual endoscopy urethral stricture

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Spherical nucleic acids:Organized nucleotide aggregates as versatile nanomedicine

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Aggregate 2022年第1期3卷 1-20页

作者： Yangmeihui Song Wenyu Song Xiaoli Lan Weibo Cai Dawei Jiang Department of Nuclear Medicine Union HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging WuhanChina departments of radiology and medical physics University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA

Spherical nucleic acids(SNAs)are composed of a nanoparticle core and a layer of densely arranged oligonucleotide shells.After the first report of SNA by Mirkin and coworkers in 1996,it has created a significant interest by offering new possibilities in the field of gene and drug delivery.The controlled aggregation of oligonucleotides on the surface of organic/inorganic nanoparticles improves the delivery of genes and nucleic acid–based drugs and alters and regulates the biological profiles of the nanoparticle core within living organisms.Here in this review,we present an overview of the recent progress of SNAs that has speeded up their biomedical application and their potential transition to clinical use.We start with introducing the concept and characteristics of SNAs as drug/gene delivery systems and highlight recent efforts of bioengineering SNA by imaging and treatmenting various diseases.Finally,we discuss potential challenges and opportunities of SNAs,their ongoing clinical trials,and future translation,and how they may affect the current landscape of clinical practices.We hope that this review will update our current understanding of SNA,organized oligonucleotide aggregates,for disease diagnosis and treatment.

关键词： drug delivery gene regulation molecular imaging spherical nucleic acids

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Hypothermia selectively protects the anterior forebrain mesocircuit during global cerebral ischemia

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第7期17卷 1512-1517页

作者： Xiao-Hua Wang Wei Jiang Si-Yuan Zhang Bin-Bin Nie Yi Zheng Feng Yan Jian-Feng Lei Tian-Long Wang Department of Anesthesiology Xuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders BeijingChina Department of Anesthesiology Third Medical Center of People’s Liberation Army General HospitalBeijingChina Daxing Hospital Affiliated to Capital medical University BeijingChina Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina School of Nuclear Science and Technology University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Neuroprotection Research Laboratory Departments of Radiology and NeurologyMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolCharlestownMAUSA Cerebrovascular Research Center Xuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina

Hypothermia is an important protective strategy against global cerebral ischemia following cardiac arrest.However,the mechanisms of hypothermia underlying the changes in different regions and connections of the brain have not been fully elucidated.This study aims to identify the metabolic nodes and connection integrity of specific brain regions in rats with global cerebral ischemia that are most affected by hypothermia treatment.18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography was used to quantitatively determine glucose metabolism in different brain regions in a rat model of global cerebral ischemia established at 31–33℃.Diffusion tensor imaging was also used to reconstruct and explore the brain connections involved.The results showed that,compared with the model rats established at 37–37.5℃,the rat models of global cerebral ischemia established at 31–33℃had smaller hypometabolic regions in the thalamus and primary sensory areas and sustained no obvious thalamic injury.Hypothermia selectively preserved the integrity of the anterior forebrain mesocircuit,exhibiting protective effects on the brain during the global cerebral ischemia.The study was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at Capital medical University(approval No.XW-AD318-97-019)on December 15,2019.

关键词： anterior forebrain mesocircuit cardiac arrest corpus callosum global cerebral ischemia hypometabolic areas hypothermia magnetic resonance imaging positron emission tomography prefrontal cortex rats thalamus

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Three-dimensional time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography combined with high resolution T2-weighted imaging in preoperative evaluation of microvascular decompression

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第34期10卷 12594-12604页

作者： Chen Liang Ling Yang Bin-Bin Zhang Shi-Wen Guo Rui-Chun Li Department of Neurosurgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710061Shaanxi ProvinceChina Department of radiology medical physics University Medical Center FreiburgUniversity of FreiburgFreiburg 79108Germany Department of Aviation Psychology Research Xi’an Civil Aviation HospitalXi’an 710082Shaanxi ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Neurovascular compression(NVC) is the main cause of primary trigeminal neuralgia(TN) and hemifacial spasm(HFS). Microvascular decompression(MVD) is an effective surgical method for the treatment of TN and HFS caused by NVC. The judgement of NVC is a critical step in the preoperative evaluation of MVD, which is related to the effect of MVD treatment. Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) technology has been used to detect NVC prior to MVD for several years. Among many MRI sequences, three-dimensional time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography(3D TOF MRA) is the most widely used. However, 3D TOF MRA has some shortcomings in detecting NVC. Therefore, 3D TOF MRA combined with high resolution T2-weighted imaging(HR T2WI) is considered to be a more effective method to detect NVC.AIM To determine the value of 3D TOF MRA combined with HR T2WI in the judgment of NVC, and thus to assess its value in the preoperative evaluation of MVD.METHODS Related studies published from inception to September 2022 based on PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were retrieved. Studies that investigated 3D TOF MRA combined with HR T2WI to judge NVC in patients with TN or HFS were included according to the inclusion criteria. Studies without complete data or not relevant to the research topics were excluded. The Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies checklist was used to assess the quality of included studies. The publication bias of the included literature was examined by Deeks’ test. An exact binomial rendition of the bivariate mixed-effects regression model was used to synthesize data. Data analysis was performed using the MIDAS module of statistical software Stata 16.0. Two independent investigators extracted patient and study characteristics, and discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Individual and pooled sensitivities and specificities were calculated. The I_(2) statistic and Q test were used to test heterogeneity. The study was registered on the website of PROSERO(registration No. CRD4202235

关键词： Three-dimensional time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography High resolution T2 weighted imaging Neurovascular compression Microvascular decompression Meta-analysis

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