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S6A-2 Neurocognitive Impairment in Schizophrenia:Clinical Correlates and Pathophysiological Mechanisms

神经药理学报 2018年第4期8卷 89-90页

作者：张向阳 Department of psychiatry and behavioral sciences The University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTXUSA

Background:Cognitive deficits in learning,memory,attention,executive functioning,spatial working memory and cognitive processing speed are core features of schizophrenia,which may be associated with clinical ***,the pathological mechanisms of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia are still *** have investigated the demographic and clinical characteristics that may be related to cognitive deficits and their possible underlying mechanism in ***:We examined the cognitive functions in both chronic medicated and first-episode drug-nave schizophrenia patients versus healthy controls by using the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status(RBANS)or the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery(MCCB).We assessed patient psychopathology using the Positive and Negative Syndrome *** the same time,some biomarkers in serum and the related gene polymorphisms were measured in both ***:We found significantly lower cognitive scores on the RBANS or MCCB total score and mostly of their subscales in both chronic and first-episode patients than healthy *** to first-episode patients,chronic patients displayed worse cognitive performance in some *** clinical variables,such as clinical symptoms,tardive dyskinesia,smoking,and comorbid diabetes were associated with cognitive impairments in schizophrenia ***,some biomarkers such as BDNF,cytokine,and free radical parameters were found to be associated with cognitive deficits in ***,some gene polymorphisms,such as BDNF and MnSOD were also involved in cognitive deficits in ***:The extensive compromised cognition is present in the early stage of schizophrenia,some of which could be more severe in the chronic stage of *** demographic and clinical variables are risk factors for cognitive deficits in *** biomarkers may play important roles for the cognitive impairments in schizophrenia.

关键词： Neuropsychological Status MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery(MCCB)

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Trophic factors are essential for the survival of grafted oligodendrocyte progenitors and for neuroprotection after perinatal excitotoxicity

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第3期15卷 557-568页

作者： Megumi Hirose-Ikeda Brian Chu Paul Zhao Omar Akil Elida Escalante Laurent Vergnes Carlos Cepeda Araceli Espinosa-Jeffrey Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human BehaviorDepartments of NeurobiologyPsychiatry&Biobehavioral SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA Department of Human Genetics David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA

The consequences of neonatal white matter injury are devastating and represent a major societal problem as currently there is no ***,low weight birth and maternal pre-natal infection are the most frequent causes of acquired myelin deficiency in the human neonate leading to cerebral palsy and cognitive *** the developing brain,oligodendrocyte(OL)maturation occurs perinatally,and immature OLs are particularly *** replacement therapy is often considered a viable option to replace progenitors that die due to glutamate *** previously reported directed specification and mobilization of endogenous committed and uncommitted neural progenitors by the combination of transferrin and insulin growth factor 1(TSC1).Here,considering cell replacement and integration as therapeutic goals,we examined if OL progenitors(OLPs)grafted into the brain parenchyma of mice that were subjected to an excitotoxic insult could rescue white matter *** that purpose,we used a well-established model of glutamate excitotoxic ***-day-old mice received a single intraparenchymal injection of the glutamate receptor agonist N-methyl-D-aspartate alone or in conjunction with TSC1 in the presence or absence of OLPs grafted into the brain *** and expression of stress proteins and OL developmental specific markers were examined.A comparison of the proteomic profile per treatment was also *** found that OLPs did not survive in the excitotoxic environment when grafted *** contrast,when combined with TSC1,survival and integration of grafted OLPs was ***,energy metabolism in OLPs was significantly increased by N-methyl-D-aspartate and modulated by *** proteomic profile after the various treatments showed elevated ubiquitination and stress/heat shock protein 90 in response to *** changes were reversed in the presence of TSC1 and ubiquitination was *** results obtained i

关键词： myelin regeneration myelination oligodendrocytes periventricular leukomalacia premature birth proteomics trophic factors white matter injury

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Factors causing a relapse of major depressive disorders following successful electroconvulsive therapy:A retrospective cohort study

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World Journal of psychiatry 2021年第10期11卷 841-853页

作者： Naoki Kurimoto Takahiko Inagaki Takashi Aoki Hiroshi Kadotani Fujiki Kurimoto Kenichi Kuriyama Naoto Yamada Yuji Ozeki Department of psychiatry Shiga University of Medical ScienceOtsu 520-2192ShigaJapan Department of psychiatry Shigasato HospitalOtsu 520-0006ShigaJapan Department of psychiatry Biwako HospitalOtsu 520-0113ShigaJapan Department of psychiatry Shiga Hachiman HospitalOmihachiman 523-8503ShigaJapan Department of Sleep and behavioral sciences Shiga University of Medical ScienceOtsu 520-2192ShigaJapan Department of Sleep-Wake Disorders National Institute of Mental HealthNational Center of Neurology and PsychiatryKodaira 187-8502TokyoJapan

BACKGROUND Electroconvulsive therapy(ECT)is used to treat major depressive disorder(MDD).Relapse is often observed even after successful ECT,followed by adequate pharmaceutical treatment for *** To investigate the diagnostic factors and treatment strategies associated with depression *** We analyzed the relationships between relapse,the diagnostic change from MDD to bipolar disorder(BP),and treatment after the initial *** performed a 3-year retrospective study of the prognoses of 85 patients of the Shiga University of Medical Science *** relative risk of relapse of depressive symptoms was calculated based on the diagnostic change from MDD to BP.A receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was generated to evaluate the predictive accuracy of diagnostic changes from MDD to BP based on the duration between the first course of ECT and the relapse of depressive *** Eighty-five patients initially diagnosed with MDD and successfully treated with ECT were enrolled in the *** with the MDD participants,more BP patients experienced relapses and required continuation and/or maintenance ECT to maintain remission(65.6%vs 15.1%,P<0.001;relative risk=4.35,95%CI:2.19-8.63,P<0.001).Twenty-nine patients experienced relapses during the three-year *** 21(72.4%,21/29)patients with relapse,the diagnosis was changed from MDD to *** duration from the first course of ECT to relapse was shorter for the BP patients than for the MDD patients(9.63±10.4 mo vs 3.38±3.77 mo,P=0.022);for most patients,the interval was less than one *** relative risk of depressive symptoms based on diagnostic changes was 4.35(95%confidence interval:2.19–8.63,P<0.001),and the area under the ROC curve for detecting diagnostic changes based on relapse duration was 0.756(95%CI:0.562-0.895,P=0.007).CONCLUSION It may be beneficial to suspect BP and change the treatment strategy from MDD to BP for patients experiencing an early relapse.

关键词： Electroconvulsive therapy Major depressive disorder Bipolar disorder Antidepressant Prognosis Relapse

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Pharmacological characterizationof synthetic cannabinoid MAM-2201：radioligand binding and abuse-related effects

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中国药理学与毒理学杂志 2017年第10期31卷 1016-1017页

作者： William E FANTEGROSSI Aaron JANOWSKY Amy J ESHLEMAN Lauren N RUSSELL Saki FUKUDA Jyoti GOGOI Cassandra PRIOLEAU Ambuja S BALE Srihari R TELLA Merle G PAULE Takato HIRANITA Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology College of Medicine University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences AR 72207 Division of Neurotoxicology National Center for Toxicological Research Food and Drug Administration AR 72079 departments of psychiatry and behavioral Neuroscience Oregon Health & Science University Portland OR 97239-3098 VA Portland Health Care System Portland OR 97239 Drug and Chemical Evaluation Section Drug Enforcement Administration

OBJECTIVE Over 30% of all new psychoactive substances identified by the UN Office on Drugs and Crime in 2016 were synthetic *** recent emergence of MAM-2201 on the illicit market is troubling because this drug has no precedent in either the scientific or patent literature,and appears to be a novel compound developed specifically as a "graymarket" drug of abuse bystructurally combining the known synthetic cannabinoids JWH-122 and *** is currently no published information regarding the pharmacology of *** The present studies characterized cannabinoid-like effects of MAM-2201 in vitro(interactions with cannabinoid type 1 receptors[CB1 Rs]) and in vivo(in mice and rats).RESULTS In a radioligand binding assay using [3 H]CP55,940 in HEK cell membranes transfected with the CB1 R,MAM-2201(K i=5.4 nmol·L^(-1)),had higher binding affinity than WIN 55,212-2(K i=80 nmol·L^(-1)),and D9-THC(K i=8.3 nmol·L^(-1)).The E max values for MAM-2201 and WIN 55,212-2 in an assay of agonist inhibition of forskolin-stimulated c AMP were 85%(EC50=0.45 nmol·L^(-1)) and 95%,respectively,as compared with the D9-THC E max of 74%.In mice,MAM-2201(0.003-1.0 mg·kg^(-1),IP) produced dose-dependent cannabimimetic effects which were both more potent and more effective than those of ***-2201 and D9-THC dose-dependently produced hypothermia:ED50=0.287 and 25.4 mg·kg^(-1),analgesia:ED50=0.125 and 29.4 mg·kg^(-1),and catalepsy:ED50=0.301 and18.9 mg·kg^(-1) in adult male CD1 ***,MAM-2201 also elicited convulsant effects at a dose of 1.0 mg·kg^(-1) in 8/8 murine *** rats,MAM-2201 produced dose-dependent D9-THC-like interoceptive effects in subjects trained to discriminate 3.0 mg·kg^(-1)(IP) D9-THC from *** MAM-2201 binds CB1 Rs with high affinity and agonist efficacy,and functions as a potent cannabinoid agonist in vivo across several complementary measures of cannabinoid activity in two rodent species.

关键词： cannabinoid CB1 receptor behavior abuse liability

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ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHIC STUDY OF TOXEMIA OF PREGNANCY

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中华医学杂志(英文版) 1964年第4期 227-240页

作者：姜梅谭蕴涛冯应琨 departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Neurology and Psychiatry Peking Union Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Peking

Serial EEG examinations were made on comparable groups of 27 patients of toxemia of pregnancy, 16 normal pregnant women and 14 pregnant women with essential hypertension during gestation and puerperium. A high proportion of the patients had an occipital alpha frequency of 10 cps and an average amplitude of 25-49 microvolts. The curves of the distribution of frequencies were essentially of the same pattern. Pre-eclamptic patients with abnormal EEG had a greater incidence of waves greater than 13 cps while eclamptic patients had a high incidence of waves less than 8 cps. Only hypertensive patients had a high average amplitude of 75-100 microvolts. The curve of distribution of the percentage time alpha of normal pregnant women resembled that of the law of probability but those of toxemia and hypertensive groups were characterized by a double peak tendency. None of the normal pregnant women presented a dominant type of alpha activity. Serial studies revealed that the EEG findings of normal pregnant women were normal but those in 40.7% patients with toxemia of pregnancy and in 28.5 % of pregnant women with essential hypertension were abnormal. Marked abnormality was seen in a case of eclampsia, moderate abnormality in a case each of eclampsia, pre-eclampsia and mild preeclampsia, and mild abnormality in 5 cases of mild pre-eclampsia, 4 cases of eclampsia and 4 cases of essential hypertension. Patients with abnormal EEG presented more marked clinical manifestations, blood pressure changes, albuminuria and changes in the optic fundi. There were also cases in which clinical manifestations and EEG findings did not run parallel. The factors responsible for such a discrepancy were discussed. It is conceived that serial EEG examination is useful in the understanding of toxemia of pregnancy and is helpful in its treatment. 4 cases were reported.

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Unexpected cancellation on a catatonic patient’s electroconvulsive therapy due to the coronavirus pandemic

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General psychiatry 2020年第6期33卷 442-444页

作者： Kelsey Casano Erin Capone Department of psychiatry LSU Health Sciences Center New OrleansNew OrleansLouisianaUSA psychiatry LSU Health Sciences Center New OrleansNew OrleansLouisianaUSA

We report a case of a 39-year-old woman with a psychiatric history of schizoaffective disorder with catatonia,dependent personality disorder and substance use disorder whose symptoms have been very difficult to *** her most recent inpatient admission,she w as treated with electroconvulsive therapy(ECT)for *** treatment team was hopeful that ECT was making a difference for this ***,she w as only able to receive two sessions of treatment due to new hospital protocols related to the coronavirus *** the patient was not suspected to have the coronavirus,she could no longer undergo ventilation with a bag and mask during the ***-m ask ventilation is known to aerosolise the coronavirus and other diseases and potentially put healthcare workers at *** orotracheal intubation also aerosolises the coronavirus,this was the only means of airway management still allowed by anaesthesia providers at this *** psychiatry team estimated that the risks of intubation outweighed the benefits of treatment,and ECT was *** additional ECT treatments,the patient again decompensated for several weeks before being stabilised on clozapine,haloperidol and *** she eventually had a positive treatment outcome,her hospital course w as likely prolonged due to unforeseen events related to the novel *** feel that the current medical climate is unprecedented and is interfering with necessary psychiatric treatment In an unanticipated *** will need to be flexible while working with psychiatrists and identify safe ways to provide this necessary psychiatric treatment for patients.

关键词： patient treatment aerosol

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Clinical evidence of human pathogens implicated in Alzheimer’s disease pathology and the therapeutic efficacy of antimicrobials:an overview

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2023年第1期12卷 374-390页

作者： Celso S.G.Catumbela Vijayasree V.Giridharan Tatiana Barichello Rodrigo Morales Department of Neurology McGovern Medical SchoolThe University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTX 77030USA Translational psychiatry Program Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesMcGovern Medical SchoolThe University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTX 77054USA Graduate Program in Health sciences University of Southern Santa Catarina(UNESC)CriciúmaSC 88806-000Brazil Centro Integrativo de Biologia y Quimica Aplicada(CIBQA) Universidad Bernardo O’Higgins8370993 SantiagoChile

A wealth of pre-clinical reports and data derived from human subjects and brain autopsies suggest that microbial infections are relevant to Alzheimer’s disease(AD).This has inspired the hypothesis that microbial infections increase the risk or even trigger the onset of *** models have been developed to explain the increase in pathogenic microbes in AD *** this hypothesis is well accepted in the field,it is not yet clear whether microbial neuroinvasion is a cause of AD or a consequence of the pathological changes experienced by the demented *** the same line,the gut microbiome has also been proposed as a modulator of *** this review,we focus on human-based evidence demonstrating the elevated abundance of microbes and microbe-derived molecules in AD hosts as well as their interactions with AD ***,the direct-purpose and potential off-target effects underpinning the efficacy of anti-microbial treatments in AD are also addressed.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease Amyloid-β Pathogens Infections

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A parent-centered approach to autism diagnosis in early childhood

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2018年第3期14卷 212-214页

作者： Michael E.Mintz Child Development Program Children's National Health System111 Michigan Ave.NW Suite 3800WashingtonD.C.20010USA Department of psychiatry and behavioral sciences George Washington University School of Medicine and Health SciencesWashingtonD.C.USA

The prevalence of autism spectrum disorders in the United States is estimated to be approximately 1 in 68 children (though the World Health Organization estimates a global prevalence of just 1 in 160 children) (1 , 2)The average age of the initial diagnosis is estimated to be 4 years of age [ 3 ], though research has shown that signs of autism can be observed by the fi rst birthday, and possibly before (4 , 5)Early identifi cation of autism is vital to prognosis, as studies have consistently shown that children who receive treatment at a younger age have better outcomes (6)Even with the right treatment, however, the degree to which caregivers are invested in the therapeutic process serves as a mediating fac-tor (7)For this reason, an autism-specifi c evaluation should aim not just to provide a diagnosis, as appropriate, but also to allow caregivers to participate in the diagnostic process in a manner that educates and empowers them.

关键词： parent-centered childhood early

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儿童抑郁症的干预(英文)

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上海精神医学 2013年第1期25卷 50-51页

作者： W.Edward CRAIGHEAD Department of psychiatry and behavioral sciences and Department of Psychology Emory University Atlanta GA United States

Professor Du has provided a succinct summary of child and adolescent depression and its treatment with antidepressants. [1] There remains some controversy over the prevalence of depression in children and adolescents: Professor Du reports that 20% of individuals experience depression prior to the age of 18 while other epidemiological reports indicate that the rate is closer

关键词：抑郁症儿童抗抑郁药物青少年个人经验自杀行为患病率流行病

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Thyroid Function and Depression in HIV-1 Infection

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World Journal of AIDS 2012年第4期2卷 279-285页

作者： Raymond L. Ownby Drenna Waldrop-Valverde Adarsh Kumar Mahendra Kumar Department of psychiatry and behavioral Medicine Nova Southeastern University Fort Lauderdale USA Department of psychiatry and behavioral sciences Miller School of Medicine University of Miami Miami USA Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing Emory University Atlanta USA

Thyroid abnormalities have been reported in persons with HIV infection, although data have been inconsistent with respect to its frequency and association with specific medications. The purpose of this study was to explore thyroid system response to thyroid releasing hormone stimulation in persons with and without HIV infection and determine the extent to which their response was associated with depression. As part of a larger study of neuroendocrine response persons with HIV-1 infection, control and HIV-1 infected individuals were evaluated. Participants' response to TRH stimulation was evaluated via TSH, total T3, and T4 levels at baseline and 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes after TRH stimulation. Participants with HIV infection had a more robust response to TRH stimulation as measured by higher levels of TSH, lower levels of T4 and modestly higher levels of T3. Depressed persons had a reduced TSH response to stimulation and lower levels of both T4 and T3, although the effect of depression on T4 was not statistically significant. These results suggest that TSH response to TRH-stimulation may be exaggerated in individuals with HIV infection but reduced in those with depression. They also suggest that the effects of depression and HIV infection may interact, and may provide a partial explanation for observed thyroid abnormalities in HIV-infected individuals. Results thus provide a partial explanation for findings on thyroid and depression in those affected by HIV infection.

关键词： Thyroid HIV Depression

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