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Sodium and water perturbations in patients who had an acute stroke:clinical relevance and management strategies for the neurologist

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2022年第3期7卷 258-266页

作者： Kevin C J Yuen Valerie Sharf Elizabeth Smith Minhwan Kim Alissya S M Yuen Paul R MacDonald departments of Neuroendocrinology and Neurosurgery Barrow Neurological InstitutePhoenixArizonaUSA University of Arizona College of medicine and Creighton School of medicine PhoenixArizonaUSA Department of Neurology Barrow Neurological InstitutePhoenixArizonaUSA Midwestern University GlendaleIllinoisUSA Creighton University School of medicine PhoenixArizonaUSA University of California Davis DavisCaliforniaUSA

Sodium and water perturbations,manifesting as hyponatraemia and hypernatraemia,are common in patients who had an acute stroke,and are associated with worse outcomes and increased *** non-stroke related causes of sodium and water perturbations in these patients include underlying comorbidities and concomitant ***,hospitalised patients who had an acute stroke may receive excessive intravenous hypotonic solutions,have poor fluid intake due to impaired neurocognition and consciousness,may develop sepsis or are administered drugs(eg,mannitol);factors that can further alter serum sodium *** and water perturbations can also be exacerbated by the development of endocrine consequences after an acute stroke,including secondary adrenal insufficiency,syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion and diabetes ***,COVID-19 infection has been reported to increase the risk of development of sodium and water perturbations that may further worsen the outcomes of patients who had an acute *** there are currently no accepted consensus guidelines on the management of sodium and water perturbations in patients who had an acute stroke,we conducted a systematic review of the literature published in English and in peer-reviewed journals between January 2000 and December 2020,according to PRISMA guidelines,to assess on the current knowledge and clinical practices of this *** this review,we discuss the signs and symptoms of hyponatraemia and hypernatraemia,the pathogenesis of hyponatraemia and hypernatraemia,their clinical relevance,and we provide our recommendations for effective treatment strategies for the neurologist in the management of sodium and water perturbations in commonly encountered aetiologies of patients who had an acute stroke.

关键词： patients impaired consequences

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Expression of apoptosis-related factors in chronic cyclosporine nephrotoxicity after cyclosporine withdrawal

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Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2004年第4期25卷 3-13页

作者： Sun-woo LIM,Bo-kyung SUN,Bum-soon CHOI,Sylvia GLOWACKA,Alison J COX,Darren J KELLY,Yong-soo KIM,Jin KIM,Byung-kee BANG,Chul-woo YANG departments of Internal medicine the Catholic University of Korea Seoul137-040 Korea departments of Internal medicine the Catholic University of Korea Seoul137-040 Korea departments of Internal medicine the Catholic University of Korea Seoul137-040 Korea Department of medicine St Vincent’s Hospital Fitzroy University of Melbourne Australia Department of medicine St Vincent’s Hospital Fitzroy University of Melbourne Australia Department of medicine St Vincent’s Hospital Fitzroy University of Melbourne Australia departments of Internal medicine the Catholic University of Korea Seoul137-040 Korea departments of Anatomy the Catholic University of Korea Seoul137-040 Korea departments of Internal medicine the Catholic University of Korea Seoul137-040 Korea departments of Internal medicine the Catholic University of Korea Seoul137-040 Korea MD PhD

AIM: To examine whether the reversibility of chronic cyclosporine A (CsA) nephrotoxicity is associated with apoptotic cell death and its regulatory factors. METHODS: Chronic CsA nephrotoxicity was induced in Sprague- Dawley rats by administering CsA (15 mg/kg, sc) for 5 weeks, and then withdrawing it for 5 or 10 weeks. The effect of CsA withdrawal on apoptotic cell death was evaluated by an in situ TdT-mediated deoxyuridine triphos- phate-biotin nick end-labeling (TUNEL) assay and the expression of pro-apoptotic [(transforming growth factor- beta1 (TGF-β1) and Fas] and anti-apoptotic [epidermal growth factors (EGF) and Bcl-2] factors. RESULTS: Discontinuation of CsA induced significant decreases in TUNEL-positive cells in a time-dependent manner and the reduction in TUNEL-positive cells was correlated with the tubulointerstitial fibrosis score (r=0.919, P<0.01). Upregulation of TGF-β1 and Fas expression in CsA-treated rat kidneys was decreased significantly after with- drawal of CsA. In contrast, downregulated EGF and Bcl-2 expression returned to normal or supernormal levels. CONCLUSION: CsA withdrawal is associated with a decrease in apoptotic cell death and with changes in the expression of pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic molecules involved in renal wound repair. This may constitute one of the mechanisms underlying the reversibility of chronic CsA nephrotoxicity.

关键词： cyclosporine apoptosis bcl-2 fas epidermal growth factor transforming growth factor-beta fibrosis

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Endoscopic classification and pathological features of primary intestinal lymphangiectasia

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第22期28卷 2482-2493页

作者： Ming-Ming Meng Kui-Liang Liu Xin-Ying Xue Kun Hao Jian Dong Chun-Kai Yu Hong Liu Cang-Hai Wang Hui Su Wu Lin Guo-Jun Jiang Nan Wei Ren-Gui Wang Wen-Bin Shen Jing Wu Department of Gastroenterology Beijing Shijitan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100038China Department of Respiratory and Critical Care medicine Beijing Shijitan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100038China departments of Lymphatic Surgery Beijing Shijitan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100038China departments of Radiology Beijing Shijitan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100038China departments of Pathology Beijing Shijitan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100038China

BACKGROUND The appearance of the intestinal mucosa during endoscopy varies among patients with primary intestinal lymphangiectasia(PIL).AIM To classify the endoscopic features of the intestinal mucosa in PIL under endoscopy,combine the patients’imaging and pathological characteristics of the patients,and explain their *** We retrospectively analyzed the endoscopic images of 123 patients with PIL who were treated at the hospital between January 1,2007 and December 31,*** compared and analyzed all endoscopic images,classified them into four types according to the endoscopic features of the intestinal mucosa,and analyzed the post-lymphographic computed tomography(PLCT)and pathological characteristics of each *** According to the endoscopic features of PIL in 123 patients observed during endoscopy,they were classified into four types:nodular-type,granular-type,vesicular-type,and *** showed diffuse thickening of the small intestinal wall,and no contrast agent was seen in the small intestinal wall and mesentery in the patients with nodular and granular *** agent was scattered in the small intestinal wall and mesentery in the patients with vesicular and edematous *** of the small intestinal mucosal pathology revealed that nodular-type and granulartype lymphangiectasia involved the small intestine mucosa in four layers,whereas ectasia of the vesicular-and edematous-type lymphatic vessels largely involved the lamina propria mucosae,submucosae,and muscular *** Endoscopic classification,combined with the patients’clinical manifestations and pathological examination results,is significant and very useful to clinicians when scoping patients with suspected PIL.

关键词： Primary intestinal lymphangiectasia Endoscopic features Post-lymphangiographic computed tomography Pathology

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Historic perspectives and recent advances in major animal models of hypertension

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Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2005年第3期26卷 295-301页

作者： Zhong-jie SUN~2 Zhong-e ZHANG departments of medicine and Physiology & Functional Genomics,College of medicine,University of Florida,Gainesville,Florida FL326100274,USA departments of medicine and Physiology & Functional Genomics College of Medicine University of Florida Gainesville USA

Hypertension and related cardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of deathin many *** etiology of human essential hypertension is *** is highly likely that hypertension is a complex and multifactorialdisease resulting from the interaction of multiple genetic and environmental *** models of hypertension have been proved to be useful to study the patho-genesis of,and to find a new therapy for,*** aim of this article isto briefly review the most widely used rodent models of experimental hypertension,including history and recent *** models are classified as geneti-cally-induced,environmentally-induced,pharmacologically-induced,and renal-induced hypertension according to the way of induction;the typical representa-tives of each of these major types of experimental hypertension are spontaneoushypertension,cold-induced hypertension,DOCA-salt-induced hypertension,andrenal-induced hypertension,*** processes of induction of hyper-tension,possible pathogenesis,characteristics,advantages,and limitations ofthese animal models are *** addition,the clinical implications of theabove experimental models of hypertension are addressed.

关键词： spontaneous hypertension cold-induced hypertension DOCA-salt-induced hyper-tension renal-induced hypertension cardiac hypertrophy blood pressure

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Active versus passive reading:how to read scientific papers?

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National Science Review 2020年第9期7卷 1422-1427页

作者： Tung-Tien Sun departments of Cell Biology Dermatology & Urology New York University School of Medicine

‘Any man who reads too much and uses his own brain too little falls into lazy habits of thinking.’ Albert Einstein (1879–1955)‘Learning without thought is labor lost;thought without learning is perilous.’ Confucius (551–479 B.C.) The Confucian Analects,bk. 2:15 ‘To repeat what others have said, requires education; to challenge it, requires brains.’Mary Pettibone Poole, A Glass Eye at a Keyhole (1938)

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Translational Neurodegeneration in the era of fast growing international brain research

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2022年第1期11卷 949-950页

作者： Jialin C.Zheng Shengdi Chen Translational Neurodegeneration Departments of Neurology and Regenerative MedicineTongji HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina Translational Neurodegeneration Department of Neurology&Institute of NeurologyRui Jin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina

Another year has flown by and we have entered *** challenges in 2021 have continued to occur as we unceasingly fight against the pandemic.2021 will be remembered for the world’s perseverance and dedication to overcome extremely adverse *** the beginning of 2022,we are celebrating the 10th birthday of our journal,Translational Neurodegeneration(TN).Inaugurated in 2011 under the editorship and leader-ship of *** Chen,our mission is to promote and foster rapid conversion of basic science research to clinical applications by offering a high-visibility forum for groundbreaking translational research in neurodegenera-tive diseases and to ultimately benefit not only patients but also societies.

关键词： visibility offering overcome

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VENTRICULAR ANEURYSM IN MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

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中华医学杂志(英文版) 1978年第5期4卷 394-402页

作者： [Anonymous] departments of medicine and Roentgenology Capital Hospital Peking

75 cases of old myocardial, infarction were followed up at the coronary heart clinic. 21 showed regional cardiac bulge on X-rays and diagnosed ventricular aneurysm, an incidence of 28.0%. The clinical diagnostic criteria of ventricular aneurysm included systolic heave of the apical impulse, sustained ST elevation in certain ECG leads, regional cardiac bulge on cardiac X-rays and regional paradoxic impulse of left ventricular electrokymography. 17 of 21 ventricular aneurysms were at the apex and anterior wall. The X-ray locations of ventricular aneurysm coincided with the sites of ECG myocardial infarction. 9 cases were accompanied by papillary muscle insufficiency and 1 by ventricular septal perforation.

关键词：心脏室壁瘤/并发症心脏室壁瘤/放射摄影术心室心肌梗死/并发症女(雌)性人类男(雄)性中年人

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Promotion of sexual and reproductive health in Pakistan-The role of technology and online awareness

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Asian pacific Journal of Reproduction 2024年第1期13卷 1-2页

作者： Mawiya Sana Department of Public Health and Community medicine Shaikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Medical and Dental CollegeG855+XRM"Sheikh Zayed Medical Complex"Khayaban-e-Jamia PunjabBlock D Muslim TownLahorePunjabPakistan

Digital health innovations such as online webinars,websites,blogs,and health apps have been associated with increased sexual and reproductive health(SRH)among the general *** studies have been conducted in developed countries in the West;however,little research has been conducted in low-income countries,especially in *** socioeconomic instability and the government's lack of awareness and knowledge have resulted in no regulations being placed to incorporate telehealth in *** healthcare departments must take into consideration the lifechanging impact of telehealth and the barriers that prevent it in becoming known,to reduce the incidence of unsafe abortions and sexual health practices that prove to be a stigma in society.

关键词： income becoming Pakistan

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Current Epidemiology of Intracranial Metastases in Two University Teaching Reference Hospitals of the Town of Yaounde, Cameroon: Analysis of 35 Cases Recorded in the Neurosurgery departments

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Open Journal of Modern Neurosurgery 2024年第2期14卷 124-136页

作者： Nassourou Oumarou Haman Ronaldo Fonju Anu Orlane Ndome Toto Bello Figuim Indira Baboke Marguerite Gwladys Nzedzou Vincent de Paul Djientcheu Department of Surgery and Specialties Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaounde 1 Yaounde Cameroon Department of Neurosurgery Yaounde General Hospital Yaounde Cameroon Department of Surgery and Specialties Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon Department of Neurosurgery Douala General Hospital Douala Cameroon Department of Neurosurgery Garoua General Hospital Garoua Cameroon

Background: The incidence of intracranial metastases (ICMET) has been steadily rising, and its frequency with respect to primary brain tumours is relatively high. Objective: The objectives of this study were to elucidate the current epidemiology and describe the clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic features of ICMET in Yaounde. Method and findings: A descriptive cross-sectional study was done in the neurosurgery departments of the General and Central Hospitals of Yaounde during the period from January 2016 to December 2022. We included all medical booklets of patients admitted for a tumoral intracranial expansive process with our target population being patients with histological evidence of ICMET, and did a retrospective inclusion of data using a pre-established technical form aimed at collecting sociodemographic data, clinical data, paraclinical data, and the treatment procedures. Analysis was done using the SPSS statistical software. A total of 614 cases of intracranial tumors were included among whom 35 presented histological evidence of ICMET. This gives a frequency of 5.7%. The sex ratio was 0.94, the mean age was 55.68 +/- 14.4 years, extremes 28 and 86 years and the age range 50 - 59 was affected in 28.57% of cases. The clinical presentation included signs of raised intracranial pressure (headache, blurred vision, vomiting) in 26 cases (74.3%), motor deficit 48.6%, seizures 17.1%. The mode of onset was metachronous in 71.4% and synchronous in 28.6%. The imaging techniques were cerebral CT scan in 82.9%, cerebral MRI in 40%, TAP scan in 22.9%. The metastatic lesions were supratentorial in 94.3% and single in 62.9%. The primary cancers found were breast cancer (31.4%), lung cancer (25.7%), prostate cancer (17.1%), thyroid cancer (5.7%), colon cancer (2.9%), and melanoma (2.9%). The therapeutic modalities were total resection (68.6%), radiotherapy (37.1%). Conclusion: Intracranial metastases are relatively frequent. There is a female sex predominance and the ag

关键词： Intracranial Metastases Epidemiology Yaounde

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Clinical significance of the leptin and leptin receptor expressions in prostate tissues

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2008年第6期10卷 923-928页

作者： Jung Hoon Kim Shin Young Lee Soon Chul Myung Young Sun Kim Tae-Hyoung Kim Mi Kyung Kim departments of Urology College of Medicine Chung-Ang University Seoul 140-757 Korea departments of Pathology College of Medicine Chung-Ang University Seoul 140-757 Korea

Aim： To evaluate the expression of leptin and leptin receptor in benign prostatic hyperplasia （BPH） and prostate cancer （PCa）, and to investigate whether they are associated with the development and progression of PCa. Methods： hnmunohistochemical staining was performed to examine the expression of leptin and leptin receptor in BPH and PCa. PCa was divided into three groups： localized PCa, locally advanced PCa and metastatic PCa. The positive staining was identified and the percentage of the positive staining was graded. We also assessed the relationship between both the Gleason score and body mass index （BMI） and PCa. Results： The percentage of the leptin expression in PCa was significantly higher than that in BPH （P 〈 0.01）. For the PCa group, the expressed levels of leptin showed a considerable correlation with localized PCa and metastatic PCa （P 〈 0.05）. Leptin receptor, however, did not reveal a definite difference between BPH and PCa. The expression of leptin indicated a significant difference between well-differentiated PCa （Gleason score ≤6） and poorly differentiated PCa （Gleason score 8-10）（P 〈 0.05）. The relation between the leptin expression level in PCa and the BMI was not remarkable （P = 0.447）. Conclusion： Our results suggest that leptin might have a promoting effect on the carcinogenesis and progression of PCa.

关键词： leptin leptin receptor prostatic neoplasms

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