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pathophysiology of constipation in the older adult

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第17期14卷 2631-2638页

作者： G Lindsay McCrea Christine Miaskowski Nancy A Stotts Liz Macera Madhulika G Varma departments of Physiological nursing University of California Department of Surgery University of California

This review provides information on the definition of constipation, normal continence and defecation and a description of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of constipation. In addition, changes in the anatomy and physiology of the lower gastrointestinal tract associated with aging that may contribute to constipation are described. MEDLINE (1966-2007) and CINAHL (1980-2007) were searched. The following MeSH terms were used: constipation/etiology OR constipation/ physiology OR constipation/physiopathology) AND (age factors OR aged OR older OR 80 and over OR middle age). Constipation is not well defined in the literature. While self-reported constipation increases with age, findings from a limited number of clinical studies that utilized objective measures do not support this association. Dysmotility and pelvic floor dysfunction are important mechanisms associated with constipation. Changes in GI function associated with aging appear to be relatively subtle based on a limited amount of conflicting data. Additional research is warranted on the effects of aging on GI function, as well as on the timing of these changes.

关键词： Constipation Mechanisms Functional consti-pation, Dysmotility, Older adults Pelvic floor dysfunction,Gastrointestinal tract

Selective changes in the <i>α</i>-adrenoceptor-mediated contraction in the senescent rat urinary bladder

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Health 2012年第9期4卷 743-749页

作者： Tomomi Aita Akira Ishihata Akiko Yamada Yumi Katano Division of Theoretical nursing and pathophysiology Yamagata University School of Medicine Yamagata Japan

The urinary bladder is innervated and functionally regulated by the autonomic nervous system. In order to elucidate the mechanism of functional changes in aged rat urinary bladder, we studied the influence of senescence on, 1) the α-adrenergic contractile response to phenylephrine in the urinary bladder body and trigone, 2) the muscarinic contractile response to carbachol in the body and trigone. The binding characteristics of [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB) to muscarinic cholinoceptors were compared in young and aged bladder. Bladders from young (2 - 3 month-old) and aged (27 month-old) male Fischer 344 rats were isolated, cut into strips and mounted in the organ bath, then the developed tension was recorded. Histologically, the aged bladder did not show pathologic changes such as inflammation and hypertrophy. Carbachol-induced contraction in aged rat bladder was identical to that obtained in young rat. In the receptor binding assay, [3H]QNB maximal binding capacity and Kd value were not significantly changed in aged bladder. In contrast, a selective α-adrenergic agonist phenylephrine, elicited greater contractions both in the aged body and trigone than those in young rats. The augmentation of α-adrenoceptor-mediated contractions in aged bladder may induce urinary dysfunction such as voiding difficulty.

关键词： Bladder Smooth Muscle Aging α-Adrenoceptor Muscarinic Receptor

Aggf1 attenuates hepatic inflammation and activation of hepatic stellate cells by repressing Ccl2 transcription

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The Journal of Biomedical Research 2017年第5期31卷 428-436页

作者： Wenping Xu Sheng Zeng Min Li Zhiwen Fan Bisheng Zhou Department of nursing Jiangsu Jiankang Vocational University Nanjing Jiangsu 210029 China. Department of pathophysiology Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention NanjingMedical University Nanjing Jiangsu 211166 China.

Liver injury represents a continuum of pathophysiological processes involving a complex interplay between hepatocytes, macrophages, and hepatic stellate cells. The mechanism whereby these intercellular interactions contribute to liver injury and fibrosis is not completely understood. We report here that angiogenic factor with G patch and FHA domains 1(Aggfl) was downregulated in the livers of cirrhotic patients compared to healthy controls and in primary hepatocytes in response to carbon tetrachloride(CC14) stimulation. Overexpression of Aggfl attenuated macrophage chemotaxis. Aggfl interacted with NF-κB to block its binding to the Ccl2 gene promoter and repressed Ccl2 transcription in hepatocytes. Macrophages cultured in the conditioned media collected from Aggfloverexpressing hepatocytes antagonized HSC activation. Taken together, our data illustrate a novel role for Aggfl in regulating hepatic inflammation and provide insights on the development of interventional strategies against cirrhosis.

关键词： Aggf1 liver fibrosis hepatocyte hepatic stellate cell macrophage

Class Ⅱ transactivator(CIITA)mediates transcriptional repression of pdk4 gene by interacting with hypermethylated in cancer 1(HIC1)

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The Journal of Biomedical Research 2015年第4期29卷 308-315页

作者： Mingming Fang Ping Li Xiaoyan Wu Yong Xu Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Department of PathophysiologyJiangsu Jiankang Vocational University Department of nursing Jiangsu Jiankang Vocational University Department of Gastroenterology Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Laboratory Center for Basic Medical Sciences Nanjing Medical University

Increased accumulation and/or impaired utilization of fatty acid in extra-adipose tissues are implicated in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 （Pdk4） is a key enzyme involved in fatty oxidation and energy expenditure, and its expression can be repressed by pro-inflammatory stimuli. Previously, we have shown that class II transactivator （CIITA） mediates the adverse effect of interferon gamma （IFN-7） in skeletal muscle cells by cooperating with hypermethylated in cancer 1 （HIC1） to repress silent informa- tion regulator 1 （SIRT1） transcription. Building upon this finding, we report here that CIITA interacted with HIC1 via the GTP-binding domain （GBD） while HIC1 interacted with CIITA via the BTB/POZ domain. The GBD domain was required for CIITA to repress SIRT1 transcription probably acting as a bridge for CIITA to bind to HIC1 and consequently to bind to the SIRT1 promoter. IFN-7 stimulation, CIITA over-expression, or HIC1 over- expression repressed Pdk4 promoter activity while silencing either CIITA or HIC1 normalized Pdk4 expression in the presence of IFN-7. An increase in SIRT1 expression or activity partially rescued Pdk4 expression in the pre- sence of CIITA, but SIRT1 inhibition abrogated Pdk4 normalization even in the absence of CIITA. Taken together, our data have identified a HIC1-CIITA-SIRT1 axis that regulates Pdk4 transcription in response to IFN-7 stimula- tion.

关键词： CIITA HIC SIRT1 IFN gamma PDK4 transcriptional regulation

Effects of Asian Sand Dust on Allergic Airway Inflammation in Mice

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Effects of Asian Sand Dust on Allergic Airway Inflammation i...

Enhancement of Antigen-Induced Eosinophilic Inflammation in the Airways of Mice by Urban Particles in Beijing

2012年环境污染与大众健康学术会议

作者： Takamichi Ichinose Seiichi Yoshida Rie Yanagisawa Hirohisa Takano Department of Health Sciences Oita University of Nursing and Health SciencesJapan pathophysiology Research Team National Institute for Environmental StudiesJapan

There is no experimental study demonstrating the effects of airborne Asian sand dust （ASD） on allergic lung eosinophilia. The organic substances adsorbed onto ASD collected from the atmosphere of Iki-island in Japan were excluded by heat treatment at 360°C for 30 min. The effects of ASD or heated-ASD （H-ASD） towards allergic lung inflammation were compared in murine lungs to investigate the role of organic substances. ICR mice were administrated with the two kinds of ASD and/or ovalbumin （OVA） intratracheally four times at 2-week intervals. ASD and H-ASD enhanced eosinophil recruitment induced by OVA in the the airway. ASD and H-ASD synergistically increased Th2 cytokines-interleukin-13 （IL-13）, eosinophil-relevant cytokine and chemokine, such as IL-5, and monocyte chemotactic protein-3 （MCP-3） induced by OVA in whole lung lavage fluid. The enhancing effects were much greater in ASD than in H-ASD. These results suggest that the aggravated lung eosinophilia in ASD is due to activation of a Th2-associated immune response and microbial materials could be participating in this phenomenon.

关键词： Asian sand dust allergen lung eosinophilia murine

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Enhancement of Antigen-Induced Eosinophilic Inflammation in ...

Infliximab trough level combined with inflammatory biomarkers predict long-term endoscopic outcomes in Crohn’s disease under infliximab therapy

2012年环境污染与大众健康学术会议

It has been reported that ambient particulate matter （PM） in some large cities, such as Beijing, China, causes adverse respiratory health effects. However, there is currently no experimental report on the relationship between bronchial asthma and urban PM （UPM） in northeast Asia. In this study, the microbial and chemical substances adsorbed onto UPM collected in Beijing were excluded by heat-treatment at 360°C for 30 min. The effects of UPM or heated UPM （H-UPM） toward allergic lung inflammation were compared in murine lungs to investigate the role of organic substances. ICR mice were administrated intratracheally with the two kinds of UPM and/or ovalbumin （OVA） 4 times at 2-week intervals. UPM and H-UPM enhanced eosinophil recruitment induced by OVA in the alveoli and in the submucosa of the airway. UPM and H-UPM synergistically increased Th-2 cytokines-interleukin （IL）-4 and IL-13, eosinophil-relevant cytokines and chemokines, such as IL-5 and monocyte chemotactic protein-3 （MCP-3）, induced by OVA in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid （BALF）. The enhancing effects were much greater in UPM than in H-UPM. These results suggest that the aggravated lung eosinophilia in UPM was due to activation of a Th2-associated immune response. Chemical materials of air pollutant origin contained in UPM, and inorganic components （elemental carbon, mineral elements） in H-UPM, could also cause the aggravation.

关键词： Allergen Beijing lung eosinophilia murine particulate matter

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第23期28卷 2582-2596页

作者： Wan-Ting Cao Rong Huang Shan Liu Yi-Hong Fan Mao-Sheng Xu Yi Xu Hui Ni Department of Gastroenterology The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityZhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Diseases PathophysiologyHangzhou 310006Zhejiang ProvinceChina Department of Clinical Evaluation Center The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhou 310006Zhejiang ProvinceChina Department of Radiology The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhou 310006Zhejiang ProvinceChina Department of nursing The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310006Zhejiang ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Infliximab trough level(ITL)severely affects therapeutic outcomes of Crohn’s disease(CD)patients under infliximab(IFX).Recently,frontier research has focused on identifying ITL based on different therapeutic *** previous studies have elaborated clinical value of ITL monitoring on short-term outcomes in CD patients during therapy,studies contraposing the predictive value of ITL on long-term endoscopic outcomes in CD patients are still scarce domestically and *** To explore the predictive value of ITL in combination with inflammatory biomarkers on long-term endoscopic outcomes in CD with clinical remission during IFX maintenance *** CD patients with endoscopic remission under long-term IFX maintenance therapy in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University from January 2012 to December 2020 were *** and inflammatory biomarkers were continuously monitored during the *** Step I study was conducted from weeks 14 to 54 of IFX *** Step II study was conducted from weeks 54 to 108 of IFX *** outcomes were defined as endoscopic activity(Crohn’s disease endoscopic index of severity score>2 points or Rutgeerts score>i1)and endoscopic remission(Crohn’s disease endoscopic index of severity score≤2 points or Rutgeerts≤i1).Endoscopic relapse free survival was defined as endoscopic remission at the beginning of the study stage and maintaining endoscopic remission during the study *** At week 14,low ITL[odds ratio(OR)=0.666,95%confidence interval(CI):0.514-0.862,P238μg/g

关键词： Infliximab trough level C-reactive protein Fecal calprotectin Crohn’s disease Clinical remission Long-term endoscopic outcomes

Prevalence and risk factors of infertility in a Mongolian population

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Asian pacific Journal of Reproduction 2023年第3期12卷 109-116页

作者： Tuvshinbayar Negdel Arigbukh Enkhbat Badrakh Munkhbayar Khantushig Bilegsuren Ariunaa Ganbold Khuderchuluun Nanjid Carol W Readhead Lkhagva-Ochir Erkhembaatar Erkhembaatar Tuduvdorj Munkhzol Malchinkhuu Odkhuu Enkhtaivan Department of Basic Science School of NursingMongolian National University of Medical ScienceUlaanbaatarMongolia Department of pathophysiology School of Bio-MedicineMongolian National University of Medical ScienceUlaanbaatarMongolia RMC IVF CenterUlaanbaatarMongolia Department of Biostatistics Mongolian National University of Medical ScienceUlaanbaatarMongolia Biology and Biological Engineering California Institute of TechnologyCaliforniaUSA First Maternity Hospital UlaanbaatarMongolia Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology School of MedicineMongolian National University of Medical ScienceUlaanbaatarMongolia

Objective:To investigate and analyze the prevalence and risk factors of infertility in a Mongolian ***:We conducted a population-based cross-sectional study between September 2016 and November *** study population of 1919 participants consisted of residents of Ulaanbaatar city and four regions of Mongolia.A pretested standardized and structured questionnaire was used to gather data from the *** questionnaire comprised categories influencing infertility,such as socioeconomic status,lifestyle factors,health,reproductive history,present status,and sexual *** addition,trained staff conducted face-to-face interviews with the ***:Our study showed an infertility incidence of 8.2%,with primary infertility at 2.76%and secondary infertility at 5.47%.Compared with the urban area of Ulaanbaatar,the prevalence of infertility was significantly higher amongst the rural population(P40 years,OR 2.1,95%CI 2.62-8.55),living rural region(aOR 2.4,95%CI 1.62-3.69),alcohol consumption(aOR 1.6,95%CI 1.11-2.44),chronic diseases(aOR 1.6,95%CI 1.20-2.38),reproductive disease(aOR 2.6,95%CI 1.86-3.88),gynecological operative history(aOR 2.1,95%CI 1.38-3.21),ovarian cyst(aOR 4.2,95%CI 2.70-6.40),gonorrhea(aOR 2.4,95%CI 1.01-6.16),non-malignant uterine cancer(aOR 2.9,95%CI 1.40-6.70),and endometriosis(aOR 4.7,95%CI 1.41-15.62).Conclusions:In Mongolia,the average infertility rate is 8.2%,similar to the average worldwide and is significantly higher in rural *** study shows the most significant risk factors for infertility are age,alcohol consumption,and rural *** addition,an unfavorable gynecological history and some diseases also pose a risk to fertility.

关键词： Infertility Risk factors Prevalence,Region Primary infertility Secondary infertility Reproductive health Age

The norepinephrine transporter gene is associated with the retardation symptoms of major depressive disorder in the Han Chinese population

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Neural Regeneration Research 2012年第25期7卷 1985-1991页

作者： Xinrong Li Ning Sun Yong Xu Yanfang Wang Suping Li Qiaorong Du Juyi Peng Jinxiu Luo Kerang Zhang Department of Psychiatry First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan 030001 Shanxi Province China nursing College of Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan 030001 Shanxi Province China

The norepinephrine transporter plays an important role in the pathophysiology and pharmacological treatment of major depressive disorder. Consequently, the norepinephrine transporter gene is an attractive candidate in major depressive disorder research. In the present study, we evaluated the depression symptoms of subjects with major depressive disorder, who were all from the North of China and of Hart Chinese origin, using the Hamilton Depression Scale. We examined the relationship between two single nucleotide polymorphisms in the norepinephrine transporter, rs2242446 and rs5569, and the retardation symptoms of major depressive disorder using quantitative trait testing with the UNPHASED program, rs5569 was associated with depressed mood, and the GG genotype may be a risk factor for this; rs2242446 was associated with work and interest, and the TT genotype may be a risk factor for loss of interest. Our findings suggest that rs2242446 and rs5569 in the norepinephrine transporter gene are associated with the retardation symptoms of depression in the Hart Chinese population.

关键词： Norepinephrine transporter major depressive disorder quantitative trait locus gene polymorphism retardation symptoms Hamilton Depression Scale endophenotype single nucleotidepolymorphism pathogenesis