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Metabolic syndrome as a risk factor for gallstone disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第11期11卷 1653-1657页

作者： Nahum Méndez-Sánchez Norberto C. Chavez-Tapia Daniel Motola-Kuba Karla Sanchez-Lara Guadalupe Ponciano-Rodríguez Héctor Baptista Martha H. Ramos Misael Uribe departments of Biomedical Research and Gastroenterology and Liver Unit

AIM: To establish an association between the presence of metabolic syndrome and the development of gallstone disease. METHODS: We carried out a cross-sectional study in a check-up unit in a university hospital in Mexico City. We enrolled 245 subjects, comprising 65 subjects with gallstones (36 women, 29 men) and 180 controls (79 women and 101 men without gallstones). Body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, plasma insulin, and serum lipids and lipoproteins levels were measured. Insulin resistance was calculated by homeostasis model assessment. Unconditional logistic regression analysis (univariate and multivariate) was used to calculate the risk of gallstone disease associated with the presence of at least three of the criteria (Adult Treatment Panel Ⅲ). Analyses were adjusted for age and sex. RESULTS: Among 245 subjects, metabolic syndrome was present in 40% of gallstone disease subjects, compared with 17.2% of the controls, adjusted by age and gender (odds ratio (OR) = 2.79; 95%CI, 1.46-5.33; P= 0.002), a dose-dependent effect was observed with each component of metabolic syndrome (OR=2.36, 95%CI, 0.72-7.71; P= 0.16 with one component and OR = 5.54, 95%CI, 1.35-22.74; P = 0.02 with four components of metabolic syndrome). Homeostasis model assessment was significantly associated with gallstone disease (adjusted OR = 2.25; 95%CI, 1.08-4.69; P= 0.03). CONCLUSION: We conclude that as for cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus, gallstone disease appears to be strongly associated with metabolic syndrome.

关键词： Obesity Metabolic syndrome Gallstones Insulin resistance

Diagnosis of gastric intraepithelial neoplasia by narrow-band imaging and confocal laser endomicroscopy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第34期18卷 4771-4780页

作者： Shu-Fang Wang Yun-Sheng Yang Li-Xin Wei Zhong-Sheng Lu Ming-Zhou Guo Jin Huang Li-Hua Peng Gang Sun En-Qiang Ling-Hu Jiang-Yun Meng departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Chinese PLA General Hospital Beijing 100853 China departments of Pathology Chinese PLA GeneralHospital Beijing 100853 China

AIM:To evaluate the diagnosis of different differentiated gastric intraepithelial neoplasia (IN) by magnifica-tion endoscopy combined with narrow-band imaging (ME-NBI) and confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE). METHODS:Eligible patients with suspected gastric IN lesions previously diagnosed by endoscopy in secondary hospitals and scheduled for further diagnosis and tratment were recruited for this study. Excluded from the study were patients who had liver cirrhosis, impaired renal function, acute gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, coagulopathy, esophageal varices, jaundice, and GI post-surgery. Also excluded were those who were pregnant, breastfeeding, were younger than 18 years old, or were unable to provide informed consent. All patients had all mucus and bile cleared from their stom-achs. They then received upper GI endoscopy. When a mucosal lesion is found during observation with whitelight imaging, the lesion is visualized using maximal magnification, employing gradual movement of the tip of the endoscope to bring the image into focus. Saved images are analyzed. Confocal images were evaluated by two endoscopists (Huang J and Li MY), who were familiar with CLE, blinded to the related information about the lesions, and asked to classify each lesion as either a low grade dysplasia (LGD) or high grade dysplasia (HGD) according to given criteria. The results were compared with the final histopathologic diagnosis. ME-NBI images were evaluated by two endoscopists (Lu ZS and Ling-Hu EQ) who were familiar with NBI, blinded to the related information about the lesions and CLE images, and were asked to classify each lesion as a LGD or HGD according to the "microvascular pattern and surface pattern" classification system. The results were compared with the final histopathologic diagnosis. RESULTS: The study included 32 pathology-proven low grade gastric IN and 26 pathology-proven high grade gastric IN that were detected with any of the modalities. CLE and ME-NBI enabled clear v

关键词： Gastric intraepithelial neoplasia Histologicaldiagnosis Confocal laser endomicroscopy Magnifica-tion endoscopy Narrow-band imaging Gastric intraepi-thelial neoplasia lesion

Honeydew volatile emission acts as a kairomonal message for the Asian lady beetle Harmonia axyridis （Coleoptera： Coccinellidae）

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Insect Science 2012年第4期19卷 498-506页

作者： Pascal D. Leroy Stephanie Heuskin Ahmed Sabri Fran( ois J. Verheggen Julien Farmakidis Georges Lognay Philippe Thonart Jean-Paul Wathelet Yves Brostaux Eric Haubruge departments of Functional and Evolutionary Entomology departments of Analytical Chemistry University of Liege Gembloux Agro-BioTech Walloon Center of Industrial Biology University of Liege B40 4000 Sart-Tilman departments of General and Organic Chemistry departments of Appfied Statistics Computer Science and Mathematics University of Liege Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech Gembloux Belgium

The Asian lady beetle Harmonia axyridis Pallas is considered as an invasive species in most territories where it has been introduced. Because aphid honeydew acts as an attraetant for many aphid predators and parasitoids, the objectives of this work were to collect and identify the volatile compounds released from the aphid excretory product to evaluate how these semiochemicals could affect the H. axyridis foraging behavior. Twelve volatile chemicals were identified from the Megoura viciae Buckton honeydew including four alcohols, three ketones, three aldehydes, a pyrazine and a monoterpene. The volatiles 3-methyl-l-butanol and 3-methyl-butanal were highlighted as the two most abundant semiochemicals released from the M. viciae honeydew. Vieia faba L. plants treated with crude honeydew attracted more than 80% of the tested individuals with 40% of attracted beetles located on the plant. Four volatile compounds （3-hydroxy-2-butanone, 3-methyl-butanal, 3-methyl-1-butanol and limonene） were also highlighted to attract more than 75% of the coccinellids toward the odor source and to locate about 35% of them on the plants. Limonene was the most efficient attractant since 89% of the H. axyridis responded to this odor. The use of the identified semiochemicals as well as the composition of an artificial honeydew could certainly be helpful to control the dispersal of the Asian lady beetle H. axyridis.

关键词： aphid honeydew attractant Harmonia axyridis kairomone semiochemicals

Protective effect of ginsenoside Rg1 on glutamate-induced lung injury

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Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2007年第3期28卷 392-397页

作者： Li SHEN~2 Jian-zhong HAS~2 Chen LI~2 Shao-jie YUE~3 Yong LIU~2 Xiao-qun QIN~2 Hui-jun LIU~2 Zi-qiang LUO~(3,4)2 departments of Physiology,Xiangya medical school and3 Neonatology,Xiangya Hospital,Central South University,Changsha 410078,China departments of Physiology Xiangya medical school Central South University Changsha China departments of Neonatology Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha China

Aim:To examine the possible protective effect of ginsenoside Rgl,an activecomponent of ginseng,on lung injury caused by glutamate in ***:Thelungs of mice receiving glutamate(0.5 g/kg)and/or ginsenoside Rg1(0.03 g/kg)via intraperitoneal administration were *** indexes of lung wet weight/body weight ratios(LW/BW),lung wet/dry weight ratios(W/D),heart rate(HR),and breathing rate(BR)were *** activity of nitric oxide synthase(NOS),xanthine oxidase(XOD),superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),thecontent of NO,and malondialdehyde in the lung homogenate were ***:Treatment with glutamate for 2 h increased LW/BW,W/D,HR,and *** changes were nearly abolished by pretreatment with ginsenoside Rgl for30 min before glutamate *** analysis of the lung homogenate demon-strated the protective effect as evidenced by the inhibition of NOS(12%)andXOD(50%)inactivity,the enhanced activity of SOD(20%)and CAT(25%).Conclusion:Ginsenoside Rgl has a potential protective role in lung diseasesassociated with glutamate toxicity.

关键词： ginsenoside Rgl glutamate acute lung injury nitrogen monoxide reactive oxygen species

Endoscopic management of postcholecystectomy biliary leakage

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2010年第4期9卷 409-413页

作者： Virendra Singh Gurpreet Singh Ganga R Verma Rajesh Gupta departments of Hepatology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research departments of Surgery Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research

BACKGROUND: Biliary leak is an uncommon but significant complication following cholecystectomy. Endotherapy is an established method of treatment. However, the optimal intervention is not known. METHOD: Eighty-five patients with postcholecystectomy biliary leaks from July 2000 to March 2009 were retrospectively evaluated. RESULTS: The study population was 20 males and 65 females with a mean age of 42.47 years. Patients presented with abdominal pain (46), jaundice (23), fever (23), abdominal distension (42), or bilious abdominal drain (67). Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography detected a leak at the cystic duct stump in 45 patients, stricture with middle common bile duct leak in 4, leak from the right hepatic duct in 3, and a ligated common bile duct in 32. Twelve also had bile duct stones. One had a broken T-tube with stones Endotherapy was possible in 53 patients. Three patients with stones, one with a broken T-tube with stones, and 4 with stricture of the common bile duct with a leak were managed with sphincterotomy and stenting. Eight patients with a cystic duct stump leak with stones were managed with sphincterotomy and stone extraction. Three outpatients and 12 inpatients with a cystic duct stump leak were managed with sphincterotomy and stent and sphincterotomy and nasobiliary drain, respectively. Five patients with a cystic duct stump leak were managed with stenting. Sixteen with coagulopathy were managed with only nasobiliary drain (9) or stent (7). Leak closure was achieved in 100% patients Four developed mild pancreatitis which improved with conservative ***: Endoscopic intervention is a safe and effective method of treatment of postcholecystectomy biliary leaks. However, management should be individualized based on factors such as outpatients or inpatients, presence of stone, stricture, ligature, or coagulopathy.

关键词： biliary fistulae endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography sphincterotomy biliary stent nasobiliary drain biliary strictures

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Partial Protection by Lipoic Acid Against Carboplantin-induced Ototoxicity in Rats

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2005年第3期18卷 198-206页

作者： KAZIM HUSAIN CRAIG WHITWORTH SATU M. SOMANI LEONARD P. RYBAK departments of Surgery Southern Illinois University School of Medicine Springfield IL 62794 USADepartments of Surgery Southern Illinois University School of Medicine Springfield IL 62794 USADepartments of Pharmacology Southern Illinois University School of Medicine Springfield IL 62794 USADepartments of Surgery Southern Illinois University School of Medicine Springfield IL 62794 USA

Objective To investigate the alterations in auditory brainstem evoked responses (ABRs) and the changes of carboplatin-induced ototoxicity in the cochlear oxidant/antioxidant systems and otoprotection by an antioxidant lipoate. Methods Male wistar rats were divided into four groups and treated as follows: 1) vehicle (saline) control, 2) carboplatin (256 mg/kg, i.p.), 3) lipoate (100 mg/kg, i.p.), 4) lipoate + carboplatin. Post-treatment ABRs were performed after four days and rats were sacrificed with their cochleae harvested and analyzed. Results Carboplatin significantly elevated ABR threshold above the pretreatment thresholds. Lipoate+carboplatin treated rats showed decreased elevation of hearing threshold. Carboplatin significantly depleted cochlear reduced to oxizized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio, whereas lipoate+carboplatin treatment increased GSH/GSSG ratio. Carboplatin significantly decreased cochlear copper zinc-superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities and enzyme protein expressions and a significant increase in Mn-SOD activity, protein expression and malondialdehyde (MDA) level. Cochlear antioxidant enzyme activities, enzyme protein expressions and MDA level were partially restored in lipoate+carboplatin treated rats, compared to carboplatin alone. Conclusion Carboplatin-induced ototoxicity is related to impairment of cochlear antioxidant system and otoprotection conferred by lipoate is associated with partial sparing of the cochlear antioxidant defense system.

关键词： Carboplatin Alpha-lipoic acid Ototoxicity Antioxidants Rats

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Prevalence of IgA-antiendomysial antibody in a patient cohort with idiopathic low bone mineral density

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第21期13卷 2978-2982页

作者： T Karakan O Ozyemisci-Taskiran Z Gunendi F Atalay C Tuncer Gazi University Faculty of MedicineDepartments of GastroenterologyAnkaraTurkey Gazi University Faculty of MedicineDepartments of Physical Medicine and RehabilitationAnkaraTurkey

AIM:To investigate the frequency of serum IgA-antiendomysial antibody positivity in patients with low bone mineral density and to assess the risk group for screening of celiac disease. METHODS:One hundred and thirty-five patients (14 male,121 female) with idiopathic low bone mineral density were evaluated. The median age was 57.2 years (24-81). Antiendomysial antibody was determined by the immunofluorescence method using a commercial kit (INOVA Diagnostics Inc.,CA,USA),which employs a 5 μm thin cryostat section of monkey esophagus as a substrate. RESULTS:Of the 135 patients evaluated,13 were found to have positive IgA antiendomysial antibody test (9.6%) response. None of the patients had IgA deficiency. Endoscopic appearance and histological examination were normal in all of these patients. Seropositive patients had significantly lower age (48.9 ± 4.3 vs 59.2 ± 6.2,P < 0.05),higher ratio of male gender (61.5% vs 4.9%,P < 0.01) and pre-menopausal status (8.7% vs 1.3%,P < 0.01). Lumbar spine and femoral neck z-scores,but not t-scores were significantly lower in seropositive patients. Seropositive patients had lower serum 25 (OH) vitamin D,calcium and higher serum parathormone levels than seronegative patients. CONCLUSION:The screening of celiac disease in idiopathic osteoporosis should be restricted to patients without classical risk factors (younger,pre-menopausal,male gender) for osteoporosis. Bone mineral density measurements using z-scores should be considered for identifying risk groups for celiac disease.

关键词： Antiendomysial antibodies Celiac disease Osteoporosis

Novel concept of endoscopic device delivery station system for rapid and tight attachment of polyglycolic acid sheet

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第2期24卷 211-215页

作者： Hirohito Mori Hideki Kobara Noriko Nishiyama Tsutomu Masaki departments of Gastroenterology and Neurology Kagawa University

AIM To evaluate appropriate and rapid polyglycolic acid sheet(PGAs) covering time using device delivery station system(DDSS).METHODS This pilot basic study was conducted to evaluate the potential of accurate and rapid PGAs delivery using DDSS. Three 11-month-old female Beagle dogs were used in this study. Two endoscopic submucosal dissections(ESDs) 4 cm in diameter were performed in lesser curvature of middle gastric body and greater curvature of antrum(total 6 ESDs performed). DDSS(3 cm length, 12 mm in outer diameter) has 2 chambers which 16 cm^2 large 2 PGAs were stored, and DDSS was attached post ESD ulcers, respectively. Beriplast P?(CSL Behring K.K., Tokyo, Japan)(combination of fibringlue and thrombin) was applied equally to the artificial ulcer, and tight attachment of 2 PGAs with DDSS were completed. The evaluation items were covering times, post ESD bleeding and perforation during *** The covering time of PGAs(defined as the duration from the beginning of endoscope insertion into the mouth to the end of the fibrin glue coating process) was 6.07(4.86-8.29) min. There was no postESD bleeding(1-7 d after ESD), and there was no perforation during *** DDSS was very useful for rapid delivering and tight attachment of PGAs, and has potentials of multipurpose delivery station system.

关键词： Post-endoscopic submucosal dissection ulcers Bleeding Polyglycolic acid sheet Rapidly delivery Tightly attachment

Long term results of use of azathioprine in patients with ulcerative colitis in India

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第45期12卷 7332-7336页

作者： Ajit Sood Vandana Midha Neena Sood Manu Bansal departments of Gastroenterology Dayanand Medical College and Hospital Ludhiana 141001 Punjab India departments of Medicine Dayanand Medical College and Hospital Ludhiana 141001 Punjab India departments of Pathology Dayanand MedicalCollege and Hospital Ludhiana 141001 Punjab India

AIM： To evaluate the role of azathioprine （AZA） in Indian patients with ulcerative colitis over longer duration of time. METHODS： One hundred fifty six patients with ulcerative colitis who were treated with AZA from January 1995 to December 2003 were reviewed. The indications for its use were as follows：（1） steroid dependent and steroid refractory disease; （2） Azathioprine monotherapy for na＇fve patients with severe disease; and （3） combination therapy （AZA ＋ sulfasalazine or 5-aminosalicylates） for naive patients with severe disease. The data included patient and disease demographics, efficacy and toxicity profile of AZA. Patients with a minimum duration of 6 mo use of AZA were included in this report. RESULTS： Of a total of 156 patients treated with AZA, 45 were excluded from analysis for the following reasons- （follow up less than 6 mo, n = 9; poor follow up, n = 18; adverse affects, n = 18）. In steroid refractory/dependent group the mean number of relapses prior to and post initiation of AZA therapy were 3.28 （± 0.81） and 0.94 （± 0.29） respectively. Discontinuation of steroids could be accomplished in 12 of the 15 steroid dependent patients. The proportion of patients with sustained remission of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 years duration were calculated. Eighteen patients experienced adverse effects necessitating withdrawal of AZA （pancreatitis, n = 7; hepatitis, n = 3; gastrointestinal intolerance, n = 2; alopecia, n = 2; and hematological, n = 4） while 13 patients needed dose reduction or temporary withdrawal of the drug. CONCLUSION： Azathioprine is well tolerated and has therapeutic benefits lasting as long as 4 years. Adverse effects such as pancreatitis, hepatitis, cytopenias and gastrointestinal symptoms do occur but are controlled by drug withdrawal only.

关键词： Ulcerative colitis Azathioprine Immunosuppressive