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Small molecular decoys in Alzheimer's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第8期19卷 1658-1659页

作者： Sho Oasa Valentina L.Kouznetsova Igor F.Tsigelny Lars Terenius Department of Clinical neuroscience Center for Molecular MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden San Diego Supercomputer Center University of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA Department of neurosciences University of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA Department of Clinical neuroscience Karolinska University HospitalKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden

Recent progress in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease(AD)using antibodies against amyloid sustains amyloid generation as a key process in *** formation starts with two amyloidbeta(Aβ)molecules interacting(dimer formation)followed by an accelerating build-up of socalled protofibrils,which turn into fibrils,which accumulate in the characteristic plaques.

关键词： Alzheimer decoy Aβ

Impact of sleep on gastrointestinal cancer

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2024年第6期15卷 677-683页

作者： Joshua Lo Pahnwat T Taweesedt Makoto Kawai Department of Internal medicine Santa Clara Valley Medical CenterSan JoseCA 95128United States Department of psychiatry and behavioral Sciences Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305United States Sierra Pacific Mental Illness Research Educationand Clinical Center(MIRECC)VA Palo Alto Health Care SystemPalo AltoCA 94304United States Department of psychiatry and behavioral Sciences School of MedicineStanford UniversityRedwood CityCA 94063United States

Sleep problems have become a significant public health concern,affecting a large portion of the global population and have been linked to increased morbidity and *** incidence of gastrointestinal(GI)cancers continues to rise,posing a substantial burden on healthcare systems *** editorial aims to delve into the impact of sleep on GI cancers,including esophageal,gastric,colorectal,hepatobiliary,and pancreatic *** literature investigating the potential connections between GI cancers and sleep was *** considered aspects such as sleep duration,sleep disorders,and circadian rhythmicity,in order to explore the underlying mechanisms that can contribute to the development of GI cancers and propose avenues for future research.

关键词： Sleep Cancer Gastrointestinal cancer Esophagus Stomach Colon Liver

Fentanyl and xylazine crisis:Crafting coherent strategies for opioid overdose prevention

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World Journal of psychiatry 2024年第6期14卷 760-766页

作者： Lakshit Jain Jasleen Kaur Shahana Ayub Danya Ansari Rizwan Ahmed Abdul Qadir Dada Saeed Ahmed Department of psychiatry University of ConnecticutFarmingtonCT 06032United States Addiction Services Division Connecticut Valley HospitalMiddletownCT 06457United States Department of psychiatry Institute of LivingHartfordCT 06102United States Department of medicine Islamabad Medical and Dental CollegeIslamabad 44000Pakistan Department of medicine Liaquat College of Medicine and DentistryKarachi 75290Pakistan Department of medicine Trinity School of MedicineRoswellGA 30075United States Addiction Services and Dual Diagnosis Unit Saint Francis Hospital and Medical CenterHartfordCT 06105United States

The United States is in the throes of a severe opioid overdose epidemic,primarily fueled by the pervasive use of fentanyl and the emerging threat of xylazine,a veterinary sedative often mixed with *** high potency and long duration of fentanyl is compounded by the added risks from xylazine,heightening the lethal danger faced by opioid *** such as enhanced surveillance,public awareness campaigns,and the distribution of fentanylxylazine test kits,and naloxone have been undertaken to mitigate this ***-related overdose deaths persist despite these efforts,partly due to inconsistent policies across states and resistance towards adopting harm reduction strategies.A multifaceted approach is imperative in effectively combating the opioid overdose *** approach should include expansion of treatment access,broadening the availability of medications for opioid use disorder,implementation of harm reduction strategies,and enaction of legislative reforms and diminishing stigma associated with opioid use disorder.

关键词： Fentanyl Xylazine Opioid overdose Epidemic Opioid use disorder Buprenorphine Medications for opioid use disorder

An engineered Cas12i nuclease that is an efficient genome editing tool in animals and plants

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The Innovation 2024年第2期5卷 61-69页

作者： Zhiqiang Duan Yafeng Liang Jialei Sun Hongjin Zheng Tong Lin Pengyu Luo Mengge Wang Ruiheng Liu Ying Chen Shuhua Guo Nannan Jia Hongtao Xie Meili Zhou Minghui Xia Kaijun Zhao Shuhui Wang Na Liu Yongling Jia Wei Si Qitong Chen Yechun Hong Ruilin Tian Jian-Kang Zhu Institute of Advanced Biotechnology and School of medicine Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China Bellagen Biotechnology Jinan 250000China Department of Medical neuroscience School of MedicineKey University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of GuangdongSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenGuangdong Province 518055China

The type V-I CRISPR-Cas system is becoming increasingly more attractive for genome ***,natural nucleases of this system often exhibit low efficiency,limiting their ***,we used structure-guided rational design and protein engineering to optimize an uncharacterized Cas12i nuclease,*** a result,we developed Cas-SF01,a Cas12i3 variant that exhibits significantly improved gene editing activity in mammalian ***-SF01 shows comparable or superior editing performance compared to SpCas9 and other Cas12 *** to natural Cas12i3,Cas-SF01 has an expanded PAM range and effectively recognizes NTTN and noncanonical NATN and TTVN *** addition,we identified an amino acid substitution,D876R,that markedly reduced the off-target effect while maintaining high on-target activity,leading to the development of CasSF01^(HiFi)(high-fidelity Cas-SF01).Finally,we show that Cas-SF01 has high gene editing activities in mice and *** results suggest that CasSF01 can serve as a robust gene editing platform with high efficiency and specificity for genome editing applications in various organisms.

关键词： system attractive rational

Astrocytes dynamically regulate the blood-brain barrier in the healthy brain

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第4期19卷 709-710页

作者： AgnėPociūtė Augustas Pivoriūnas Alexei Verkhratsky Department of Stem Cell Biology State Research Institute Centre for Innovative MedicineVilniusLithuania Faculty of Biology Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK Achucarro Centre for neuroscience IKERBASQUEBasque Foundation for ScienceBilbaoSpain Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology School of Forensic MedicineChina Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoning ProvinceChina

The blood-brain barrier(BBB)(discovered and defined by Max Lewandowsky and Lina Stern,and not,as it is universally,and yet erroneously believed,by Paul Ehrlich(Verkhratsky and Pivoriunas,2023))that separates the nervous system from the circulation is evolutionarily conserved from arthropods to *** primeval BBB of the invertebrates and some early vertebrates was made solely by glial cells and secured(in invertebrates)by septate junctions.

关键词： Ehrlich barrier blood

Debt,sleep deprivation and psychological distress among online ride-hailing drivers:evidence from China

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General psychiatry 2024年第2期37卷 319-323页

作者： Wanjie Tang Jingyue Chen Simiao Wang Xianglan Jiang Yi Lu Siqi Wu Luyu Yang Meng Tian Han Zhang Yinan Zhang Jiuping Xu Zeyuan Sun Mental Health Centre Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina Department of Child&Adolescent psychiatry King's College London Institute of Psychiatry Psychology&NeuroscienceLondonUK Sichuan University Business School ChengduSichuanChina Department of Psychology King's College London Institute of Psychiatry Psychology&NeuroscienceLondonUK Sichuan University West China School of medicine ChengduSichuanChina The University of Edinburgh School of Health in Social Science EdinburghEdinburghUK Department of Psychology University of WarwickCoventryUK Division of psychiatry University College London Faculty of Brain SciencesLondonUK Wuxi Mental Health Center Nanjing Medical UniversityWuxiJiangsuChina King's College London Centre for the Developing Brain LondonUK

An online ride-hailing driver(ORHD)refers to a driver who takes orders and provides rental car services to passengers via an online service platform.1 ORHD plays a significant role in the urban transport system worldwide,operating through many *** to official data from the Chinese Ministry of Transport,a total of 1.6 million vehicle transport permits were issued by the end of March 2022.

关键词： services service official

Neurogenesis dynamics in the olfactory bulb:deciphering circuitry organization, function, and adaptive plasticity

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1565-1581页

作者： Moawiah M.Naffaa Department of Psychology and neuroscience Duke UniversityDurhamNCUSA Department of Cell Biology Duke University School of MedicineDurhamNCUSA

Adult neurogenesis persists after birth in the subventricular zone, with new neurons migrating to the granule cell layer and glomerular layers of the olfactory bulb, where they integrate into existing circuitry as inhibitory interneurons. The generation of these new neurons in the olfactory bulb supports both structural and functional plasticity, aiding in circuit remodeling triggered by memory and learning processes. However, the presence of these neurons, coupled with the cellular diversity within the olfactory bulb, presents an ongoing challenge in understanding its network organization and function. Moreover,the continuous integration of new neurons in the olfactory bulb plays a pivotal role in regulating olfactory information processing. This adaptive process responds to changes in epithelial composition and contributes to the formation of olfactory memories by modulating cellular connectivity within the olfactory bulb and interacting intricately with higher-order brain regions. The role of adult neurogenesis in olfactory bulb functions remains a topic of debate. Nevertheless, the functionality of the olfactory bulb is intricately linked to the organization of granule cells around mitral and tufted cells. This organizational pattern significantly impacts output, network behavior, and synaptic plasticity, which are crucial for olfactory perception and memory. Additionally, this organization is further shaped by axon terminals originating from cortical and subcortical regions. Despite the crucial role of olfactory bulb in brain functions and behaviors related to olfaction, these complex and highly interconnected processes have not been comprehensively studied as a whole. Therefore, this manuscript aims to discuss our current understanding and explore how neural plasticity and olfactory neurogenesis contribute to enhancing the adaptability of the olfactory system. These mechanisms are thought to support olfactory learning and memory, potentially through increased

关键词： network adaptability neurogenesis neuronal communication olfactory bulb olfactory learning olfactory memory synaptic plasticity

Potential role of hippocampal neurogenesis in spinal cord injury induced post-trauma depression

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第10期19卷 2144-2156页

作者： Ying Ma Yue Qiao Xiang Gao Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group Stark Neuroscience Research InstituteIndianapolisINUSA Department of Neurological Surgery Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA Department of Neurology Shengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoning ProvinceChina

It has been reported both in clinic and rodent models that beyond spinal cord injury directly induced symptoms, such as paralysis, neuropathic pain, bladder/bowel dysfunction, and loss of sexual function, there are a variety of secondary complications, including memory loss, cognitive decline, depression, and Alzheimer's disease. The largescale longitudinal population-based studies indicate that post-trauma depression is highly prevalent in spinal cord injury patients. Yet, few basic studies have been conducted to address the potential molecular mechanisms. One of possible factors underlying the depression is the reduction of adult hippocampal neurogenesis which may come from less physical activity, social isolation, chronic pain, and elevated neuroinflammation after spinal cord injury. However, there is no clear consensus yet. In this review, we will first summarize the alteration of hippocampal neurogenesis post-spinal cord injury. Then, we will discuss possible mechanisms underlie this important spinal cord injury consequence. Finally, we will outline the potential therapeutic options aimed at enhancing hippocampal neurogenesis to ameliorate depression.

关键词： antidepressants chronic pain depression exercise hippocampal neurogenesis inflammation inhibition neuroinflammation physical activity deficits social isolation spinal cord injury

Need for education of psychiatric evaluation of offenders with mental disorders:A questionnaire survey for Japanese designated psychiatrists

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World Journal of psychiatry 2024年第5期14卷 726-734页

作者： Akihiro Shiina Tomihisa Niitsu Masaomi Iyo Chiyo Fujii Division of Medical Treatment and Rehabilitation Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental HealthChiba-shi 2608670Japan Department of psychiatry Chiba University Graduate School of MedicineChiba-shi 2608670Japan Department of Community Mental Health&Law National Center of Neurology and PsychiatryKodaira-shi 1878553Japan

BACKGROUND The management of offenders with mental disorders has been a significant concern in forensic *** Japan,the introduction of the Medical Treatment and Supervision Act in 2005 addressed the ***,numerous psychiatric patients at risk of violence still find themselves subject to the administrative involuntary hospitalization(AIH)scheme,which lacks clarity and updated *** To explore current as well as optimized learning strategies for risk assessment in AIH decision *** We conducted a questionnaire survey among designated psychiatrists to explore their experiences and expectations regarding training methods for psychiatric assessments of offenders with mental *** The findings of this study’s survey suggest a prevalent reliance on traditional learning approaches such as oral education and on-the-job *** This underscores the pressing need for structured training protocols in AIH ***,feedback derived from inpatient treatment experiences is identified as a crucial element for enhancing risk assessment skills.

关键词： Forensic psychiatry Administrative involuntary hospitalization Psychiatric assessment Risk assessment Mental disorders Training protocols Clinical practice Structured learning Feedback mechanisms Program development