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ULTRASTRUCTURAL CHANGES OF NUCLEI AFTER TREATMENT WITH MESODERMAL INDUCING SUBSTANCE

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Science in China,Ser.B 1982年第7期25卷 725-729页

作者：曾弥白 Shanghai Institute of cell biology Academia Sinica

Ultrastructural changes occur in the nuclei of the presumptive ectoderm cells of theearly gastrula of Cynops orientalis after treatment with a mesodermal inducing substance(guinea pig bone marrow extract). The large condensed chromatin masses in the nuclei ofthe control series are no longer found; they become more or less dispersed. The successivechanges of chromatin from condensed to dispersed have been observed. And in connectionwith the observations on neural induction after Ca-free treatment, the transformation fromheterochromatin to euchromatin as the initiation of cell differentiation has been discussed.

关键词： ULTRASTRUCTURAL CHANGES OF NUCLEI AFTER TREATMENT WITH MESODERMAL INDUCING SUBSTANCE

Pyrroloquinoline quinone:a potential neuroprotective compound for neurodegenerative diseases targeting metabolism

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 41-53页

作者： Alessio Canovai Pete A.Williams Department of biology University of PisaPisaItaly Department of Clinical Neuroscience Division of Eye and VisionSt.Erik Eye HospitalKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden

Pyrroloquinoline quinone is a quinone described as a cofactor for many bacterial dehydrogenases and is reported to exert an effect on metabolism in mammalian cells/*** quinone is present in the diet being available in foodstuffs,conferring the potential of this compound to be supplemented by dietary *** quinone’s nutritional role in mammalian health is supported by the extensive deficits in reproduction,growth,and immunity resulting from the dietary absence of pyrroloquinoline quinone,and as such,pyrroloquinoline quinone has been considered as a“new vitamin.”Although the classification of pyrroloquinoline quinone as a vitamin needs to be properly established,the wide range of benefits for health provided has been reported in many *** this respect,pyrroloquinoline quinone seems to be particularly involved in regulating cell signaling pathways that promote metabolic and mitochondrial processes in many experimental contexts,thus dictating the rationale to consider pyrroloquinoline quinone as a vital compound for mammalian *** the regulation of different metabolic mechanisms,pyrroloquinoline quinone may improve clinical deficits where dysfunctional metabolism and mitochondrial activity contribute to induce cell damage and *** quinone has been demonstrated to have neuroprotective properties in different experimental models of neurodegeneration,although the link between pyrroloquinoline quinone-promoted metabolism and improved neuronal viability in some of such contexts is still to be fully ***,we review the general properties of pyrroloquinoline quinone and its capacity to modulate metabolic and mitochondrial mechanisms in physiological *** addition,we analyze the neuroprotective properties of pyrroloquinoline quinone in different neurodegenerative conditions and consider future perspectives for pyrroloquinoline quinone’s potential in health and disease.

关键词： metabolism mitochondria neurodegenerative disease neuroprotection pyrroloquinoline quinone retinal diseases

EFFECT OF ANTIBODIES AGAINST THE GAP JUNCTION PROTEIN ON DIFFERENTIATION OF INDUCED EMBRYONIC cellS

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Science China Chemistry 1988年第11期31卷 1315-1318页

作者：曾弥白陈艳华 Shanghai Institute of cell biology Academia Sinica

Microinjections of antibodies against gap junction prorein to early blastomcres of Xenopus laevis were succeeded by the treatments of mesodermal inductor. It was found that induction was not affected by the injection of the antibodies but the differentiation of notochord and muscle was impeded at different degrees. cell interactions via gap junction communication seem to be involved in the differentiation of the induced cells.

关键词： gap junction cell differentiation embryonic induction.

Novel strategy for treating neural disease

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2014年第9期57卷 947-948页

作者： CHENG Lin State Key Laboratory of cell biology Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences

Traditional therapies for diseases of brain and spinal cord just alleviate poorly symptoms without effective therapy. Neural cell replacement may be a promising therapy for neurological diseases such as Alzheimer＇s disease, Parkin- son＇s disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Among neural cells, neural progenitor cells （NPCs） with the ability of self-renewal and the potential of multi-lineage neural differentiation have been the most prospective cell candi- date for replacement [1]. So far conventional protocols for generating NPCs, including differentiation of embryonic stem cells （ESCs） or of induced pluripotent stem cells （iP- SCs） into NPCs or direct derivation from brain tissues, are limited due to ethical and practical issues and safety con- cern. Recent achievement in converting somatic cells into neural cells for transplantation thus provides a new strategy for a better alternative. Induced neural cells （iNCs） include induced neural progenitor cells or induced neurons from fibroblasts, hepatocyte, astrocytes, or pericytes by introduc- tion of exogenous factors; however, safety concern still re- mains. Therefore, generation of iNCs from somatic cells using only chemical or physical methods will offer a desira- ble and potentially safer patient-specific neural cells for treating neural disease.

关键词：神经疾病细胞治疗神经系统疾病阿尔茨海默氏病神经细胞神经前体细胞星形胶质细胞安全问题

Effects of CDK4 antisense RNA on Human breast cancer cell proliferation and expression of cyclinD1,cyclinE and CDK2

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1999年第6期44卷 541-544页

作者： SANG Jianli WANG YongchaoLaboratory of cell biology, Department of biology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China Laboratory of cell biology Department of Biology Beijing Normal University Beijing China

The role of CDK4 in human breast cancer cell proliferation and expression of cyclinD1, cyclinE and CDK2 has been investigated using inhibition of CDK4 expression by antisense RNA. When CDK4 expression was inhibited, the rate of cell proliferation and tumorigenecity decreased *** indicates that CDK4 plays an important role in formation and development of breast tumor. The resuits of Northern blot analysis showed that the levels of cyclinD1 and CDK2 mRNAs changed slightly whereas the level of cyclinE mRNA decreased obviously. It is suggested that the expression of CDK4 is necessary for induction of cyclinE expression. Thus, inhibition of CDK4 expression affects not only the role of CDK4 itself but also the role of other genes.

关键词： CDK4 breast cancer cell antisense RNA cyclinE.

Novel Insights from Live-imaging in Shoot Meristem Development

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Journal of Integrative Plant biology 2010年第4期52卷 393-399页

作者： Paja Sijacic Department of cell biology and Molecular Genetics University of MarylandCollege Park

Microscopic imaging of fluorescent reporters for key meristem regulators in live tissues is emerging as a powerful technique, enabling researchers to observe dynamic spatial and temporal distribution of hormonal and developmental regulators in living cells. Aided by time-lapse microphotography, new types of imaging acquisition and analysis software, and computational modeling, we are gaining significant insights into shoot apical meristem （SAM） behavior and function. This review is focused on summarizing recent advances in the understanding of SAM organization, development, and behavior derived from live-imaging techniques. This includes the revelation of mechanical forces in microtubule-controlled anisotropic growth, the role of the CLV-WUS network in the specification of peripheral zone and central zone cells, the multiple feedback loops involving cytokinin in controlling WUS expression, auxin dynamics in determining the position of new primordia, and, finally, sequence of regulatory events leading to de novo assembly of shoots from callus in culture. Future studies toward formulating ＂digital SAM＂ that incorporates multi-dimensional data ranging from images of SAM morphogenesis to a genome-scale expression map of SAM will greatly enhance our ability to understand, predict, and manipulate SAM, containing the stem cells that give rise to all above ground parts of a plant.

关键词： Novel Insights from Live-imaging in Shoot Meristem Development

Decreased Pollen Viability and Thicken Pollen Intine in Antisense Silenced Brassica campestris Mutant of BcMF19

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第5期13卷 954-962页

作者： LIU Jin-long GAO Ming-hui LIU Ying CAO Jia-shu Laboratory of cell and Molecular biology Institute of Vegetable Science Zhejiang University

Brassica campestris male fertility 19 （BcMF19; GenBank accession number GQ902048.1）, a gene that is specially expressed in tapetum cells and microspores during anther development in B. campestris ssp. chinensis, which is learned from the previous in situ hybridization study. In the present study, we constructed antisense-silenced plants of BcMF19 using B. campestris ssp. chinensis to validate this prediction. The morphology of the pistils, long anthers, and short anthers was significantly affected in 35sbcmf19 compared with the control samples. 4＇-6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole staining revealed that two generative nuclei and one large vegetative nucleus were not affected in the mutant compared with control. Statistical analysis of Alexander＇s staining results showed that 96% of the control pollen grains had vitality, whereas only 86% of the mutant pollen grains did. Under scanning electron microscopy, the mutant demonstrated numerous abnormal pollen grains and resembled dried persimmon. The frequency of normal pollen grains was approximately 18%. Under transmission electron microscopy, the pollen intine during the binucleate and mature pollen stages in 35sbcmf19 exhibited abnormal thickening, especially at the germinal furrows, compared with control. In vitro pollen germination test showed that the tips of the mutant pollen tubes transformed into globular alveoli and stopped growing compared with control. On the other hand, in vivo pollen germination test suggested that BcMF19 affected the pollen tube extension in the pistil. These findings indicate that BcMF19 is essential to the pollen development and pollen tube extension orB. campestris ssp. chinensis.

关键词： Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis PGIP pollen polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein tapetum pollen germination

Evolution of gustatory reflex systems in the brainstems of fishes

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Integrative Zoology 2009年第1期4卷 53-63页

作者： Thomas E.FINGER Department of cell and Developmental biology University of Colorado DenverAuroraUSA

The great number of species of teleosts permits highly specialized forms to evolve to occupy particular *** diversity allows for extreme variations in brain structure according to particular sensory or motor *** the case of the taste system,goldfish(Carassius auratus L.,1758)and some carps have evolved a specialized in-traoral food-sorting apparatus along with corresponding specializations of gustatory centers in the brainstem.A comparison of circuitry within the complex vagal lobe of goldfish,and of the simpler gustatory lobes in catfish(Ictalurus punctatus Rafinesque,1818)shows numerous similarities in organization and *** labeling studies using horseradish peroxidase and biotinylated dextran amine in catfish shows a direct projection from the vagal lobe to the motoneurons of nucleus ambiguus which innervate oropharyngeal ***,a three neuron reflex arc connects gustatory input to motor *** the vagal lobe of goldfish,a similar three neuron arc can be identified:from primary gustatory afferent,to vagal lobe interneuron,thence to dendrites of the vagal motoneurons that innervate the pharyngeal ***,despite large differences in the gross appearance of the vagal gustatory systems in the brains of catfish and goldfish,the essential connectivity and circuitry is *** suggests that evolutionary change in the central nervous system largely proceeds by rearrangement and elaboration of existing systems,rather than by addition of new structures or circuits.

关键词： evolution medulla nucleus of the solitary tract taste vagus nerve.

Using Toad Oocytes as an Ultrasensitive System for Estimating the Biological Activity of Trichosanthin

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Science China Chemistry 1993年第4期36卷 402-410页

作者：熊用周朱光左嘉客王亚辉 Shanghai Institute of cell biology Academia Sinica Shanghai 200031 PRC

A sensitive bioassay for estimating the activity of Trichosanthin was developed by using intraoocyte microinjection as the technique and germinal vescicle breakdown as a marker. The GVBD inhibitory activity assay was million-fold more sensitive than the routinely used abortifacient activity assay. The detectable amount of Trichosanthin ranged from 0.5 to 100 pg. Since the least detectable dose was 0.5 pg, it made the assay suitable to analyse the microquantity of pure Trichosanthin used for studying the structure and function of the drug.

关键词： Trichosanthin toad oocyte maturation promoting factor germinal vesicle breakdown.