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OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY FOR BLADDER CANCER DIAGNOSIS:FROM ANIMAL STUDY TO CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS

Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2008年第1期1卷 125-140页

作者： ZHIJIA YUAN HUGANG REN WAYNE WALTZER JASON KIM JINGXUAN LIU KEMIAO JIA HUIKAI XIE YINGTIAN PAN departments of biomedical Engineering Stony Brook UniversityStony BrookNYUSA departments of biomedical urology Stony Brook UniversityStony BrookNYUSA departments of biomedical Pathology Stony Brook University Stony BrookNYUSA The ECE Department University of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA

This paper summarizes the recent technological development in our lab on cystoscopic optical coherence tomography(COCT)by integrating time-domain OCT(TDOCT)and spectral-domain OCT(SDOCT)with advanced MEMS-mirror technology for endoscopic laser scanning *** COCT catheter can be integrated into the instrument channel of a commercial 22Fr rigid cystoscopic sheath for in vivo imaging of human bladder under the cystosocopic visual guidance;the axial/transverse resolutions of the COCT catheter are roughly 9μm and 12μm,respectively,and 2D COCT imaging can be performed with over 110dB dynamic range at 4–8 *** examine the utility and potential limitations of OCT for bladder cancer diagnosis,systemic ex vivo rat bladder carcinogenesis studies were performed to follow various morphological changes induced by tumor growth and in vivo porcine study was performed to examine the feasibility of COCT for in vivo *** by promising results of the animal studies,preliminary clinical study was conducted on patients scheduled for operating-room cystoscopy for bladder ***-blind clinical results reveal that COCT can delineate detailed bladder architectures(e.g.,urothelium,lamina propria,muscularis)at high resolution and detect bladder cancers based on enhanced urothelial heterogeneity as a result of excessive growing nature of bladder *** diagnostic sensitivity and specificity can be enhanced to 92%and 85%,*** also suggest that due to reduced imaging depth of COCT in cancerous lesions,staging of bladder cancers may be limited to Ta or T1 for non-outgrowing cancerous lesions.

关键词： Optical coherence tomography bladder cancer diagnosis microelectromechanical system

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Active versus passive reading:how to read scientific papers?

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National Science Review 2020年第9期7卷 1422-1427页

作者： Tung-Tien Sun departments of Cell Biology Dermatology & Urology New York University School of Medicine

‘Any man who reads too much and uses his own brain too little falls into lazy habits of thinking.’ Albert Einstein (1879–1955)‘Learning without thought is labor lost;thought without learning is perilous.’ Confucius (551–479 B.C.) The Confucian Analects,bk. 2:15 ‘To repeat what others have said, requires education; to challenge it, requires brains.’Mary Pettibone Poole, A Glass Eye at a Keyhole (1938)

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Metabolic syndrome as a risk factor for gallstone disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第11期11卷 1653-1657页

作者： Nahum Méndez-Sánchez Norberto C. Chavez-Tapia Daniel Motola-Kuba Karla Sanchez-Lara Guadalupe Ponciano-Rodríguez Héctor Baptista Martha H. Ramos Misael Uribe departments of biomedical Research and Gastroenterology and Liver Unit

AIM: To establish an association between the presence of metabolic syndrome and the development of gallstone disease. METHODS: We carried out a cross-sectional study in a check-up unit in a university hospital in Mexico City. We enrolled 245 subjects, comprising 65 subjects with gallstones (36 women, 29 men) and 180 controls (79 women and 101 men without gallstones). Body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, plasma insulin, and serum lipids and lipoproteins levels were measured. Insulin resistance was calculated by homeostasis model assessment. Unconditional logistic regression analysis (univariate and multivariate) was used to calculate the risk of gallstone disease associated with the presence of at least three of the criteria (Adult Treatment Panel Ⅲ). Analyses were adjusted for age and sex. RESULTS: Among 245 subjects, metabolic syndrome was present in 40% of gallstone disease subjects, compared with 17.2% of the controls, adjusted by age and gender (odds ratio (OR) = 2.79; 95%CI, 1.46-5.33; P= 0.002), a dose-dependent effect was observed with each component of metabolic syndrome (OR=2.36, 95%CI, 0.72-7.71; P= 0.16 with one component and OR = 5.54, 95%CI, 1.35-22.74; P = 0.02 with four components of metabolic syndrome). Homeostasis model assessment was significantly associated with gallstone disease (adjusted OR = 2.25; 95%CI, 1.08-4.69; P= 0.03). CONCLUSION: We conclude that as for cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus, gallstone disease appears to be strongly associated with metabolic syndrome.

关键词： Obesity Metabolic syndrome Gallstones Insulin resistance

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Randomized studies of PSA screening： an opinion

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2011年第3期13卷 364-365页

作者： Oliver Sartor departments of Medicine and urology Tulane MedicalSchool New Orleans LA USA

The issue of prostate cancer screening with prostate-specific antigen （PSA） has been contentious for nearly two decades due to lack of data from randomized trials, but that has now changed. A brief review of the available data is warranted as there is finally some clarity on this critically important topic. Knowing what to ignore, as well as what to focus on, is critical for understanding the current data.

关键词： Prostate Data

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Potential synergistic implications for stromal-targeted radiopharmaceuticals in bone-metastatic prostate cancer

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2011年第3期13卷 366-368,510页

作者： Oliver Sartor departments of Medicine and urology Tulane Medical School New Orleans LA 70115 USA

Genetic heterogeneity and chemotherapy-resistant ＇stem cells＇ represent two of the most pressing issues in devising new strategies for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer. Though curative strategies have long been present for men with localized disease, metastatic prostate cancer is currently incurable. Though substantial improvements in outcomes are now possible through the utilization of newly approved therapies, novel combinations are clearly needed. Herein we describe potentially synergistic interactions between bone stromal-targeted radiopharmaceuticals and other therapies for treatment of bone-metastatic prostate cancer. Radiation has long been known to synergize with cytotoxic chemotherapies and recent data also suggest the possibility of synergy when combining radiation and immune-based strategies. Combination therapies will be required to substantially improve survival for men with castrate-resistant metastatic prostate cancer and we hypothesize that bone-targeted radiopharmaceuticals will play an important role in this Drocess.

关键词： bone immunotherapy metastasis prostate cancer radiopharmaceuticals radium samarium stroma strontium XL-184

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Immunohistochemical measurement and expression of Mcl-1 in infertile testes

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Frontiers of Medicine 2015年第3期9卷 361-367页

作者： Raafat Hegazy Abdelmonem Hegazy Mustafa Ammar Emad Salem pathology Anatomy and Embryology urology of departments Faculty of Medicine Zagazig University Zagazig 44159 Egypt

The diagnosis of azoospermia represents a major challenge to andrologists as this condition may occur despite normal spermatogenesis and genital tracts. Myeloid cell leukemia-1 （Mcl-1） is a member of the Bcl-2 family of proteins involved in regulation of apoptosis in various cell types. This study aimed to investigate the immunohistochemical expression of McI-1 in testieular biopsies of subjects with azoospermia. Eighty-six cases with azoospermia were obtained from 509 infertile patients admitted to the Andrology Unit of the Zagazig University Hospitals from January 2010 to December 2011. Biopsies were diagnosed and classified using H＆E-stained slide sections. The specimens were subjected to immunohistochemical staining for Mcl-1 and examined through light microscopy. Forty-five cases of maturation arrest （25 at spermatids and 20 at the spermatocytes）, 31 cases of hypospermatogenesis （20 moderate and 11 severe）, 5 cases of Sertoli cell-only syndrome, 2 cases of basement membrane hyalinization, and 1 case of tubular and peritubular sclerosis were observed. Normal spermatogenesis was detected in 2 cases. A strong positive immunoreaction in Leydig cells was observed among all investigated specimens. A moderate reaction was detected in spermatocytes and spermatozoa in cases of normal spermatogenesis and hypospermatogenesis, but a negative reaction was detected in cases of maturation arrest and germ cell aplasia. Apoptosis was found to be associated with decreased rate of spermatogenesis. High apoptosis rates may result in azoospermia, which can occur despite normal spermatogenesis and absence of duct obstruction.

关键词： spermatogenesis testis Mcl-1 expression immunohistochemical study infertility

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Denosumab in bone-metastatic prostate cancer： known effects on skeletal＇related events but unknown effects on quality of life

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2011年第4期13卷 612-613页

作者： Oliver Sartor departments of Medicine and urology Tulane University School of Medicine New Orleans LA USA

The purpose of new pharmaceuticals is to improve how patients feel, function or survive. Exceptions exist when surrogates are developed and we know that those surrogates correlate well with one of the above. Hypercholesterolemia is a well-accepted example. We know that high cholesterol is a reasonable indicator that results in increased risk of strokes and heart attacks. Thus, we treat hypercholesterolemia in hopes that our patients＇ health will improve.

关键词： new pharmaceuticals skeletal-related

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Controlled drug delivery systems： the next 30 years

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2014年第3期8卷 276-279页

作者： Yeonhee YUN Byung Kook LEE Kinam PARK departments of biomedical Engineering and Pharmaceutics Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA

The drag delivery scientists need to reexamine the advances made during the past 60 years, analyze our current abilities, and design the future technologies that will propel us to achieve the next level of drug delivery technologies. History shows that the first generation （1G） of drag delivery research during 1950-1980 was quite productive, while the second generation （2G） technologies developed during 1980 2010 were not as prolific. The ultimate goal of drug delivery research is to develop clinically useful formulations to treat various diseases. Effective drug delivery systems can be developed by overcoming formulation barriers and/or biological barriers. The engineering approach has a limit in solving the problem, if biological difficulties are not clearly identified and understood. The third generation （3G） drug delivery systems will have to focus on understanding the biological barriers so that they can be overcome by engineering manipulation of the drug delivery systems. Advances in the next 30 years will be most accelerated by starting open dialogues without any preconceived ideas on drug delivery technologies. The new generation of drug delivery scientists needs to be aware of the successes and limitations of the existing technologies to design the new technologies for meaningful advances in the future.

关键词： drug delivery history formulation barriers,nanotechnology clinical product

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Implications of the prostate intervention versus observation trial （PIVOT）

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2012年第6期14卷 803-804页

作者： Oliver Sartor departments of Medicine and urology Tulane University School of Medicine New Orleans LA 70112 USA

PSA screening improves early detection of prostate cancer but can lead to overtreatment if all of these cancers are treated. The first randomized treatment study for men with PSA detected cancers has now been reported.

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Recent advances in the study of testicular nuclear receptor 4

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2013年第3期14卷 171-177页

作者： Xian-fan DING Shi-cheng YU Bi-de CHEN Shin-jen LIN Chawnshang CHANG Gong-hui LI Department of urology Sir Run Run Shaw HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang University George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research Departments of Pathology and UrologyUniversity of Rochester

Testicular nuclear receptor 4(TR4),also known as NR2C2(nuclear receptor subfamily 2,group C,member 2),is a transcriptional factor and a member of the nuclear receptor ***4 was initially cloned from human and rat hypothalamus,prostate,and testes *** almost two decades,its specific tissue distribution,genomic organization,and chromosomal assignment have been well investigated in humans and ***,it has been very difficult to study TR4's physiological functions due to a lack of specific *** knock-out animal techniques provide an alternative approach for defining the biological functions of *** vivo studies of TR4 gene knockout mice(TR4-/-) found that they display severe spinal curvature,subfertility,premature aging,and prostate prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia(PIN) *** modulators,downstream target gene regulation,feedback mechanisms,and differential modulation mediated by the recruitment of other nuclear receptors and coregulators have been identified in studies using the TR4-/-*** the establishment of a tissue-specific TR4-/-mouse model,research on TR4 will be more convenient in the future.

关键词：核受体睾丸前列腺癌组织分布动物技术基因敲除小鼠模型染色体分配

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