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Comparison of summer ther- mohaline field and circulation structure of the Bohai Sea between 1958 and 2000

Chinese Science Bulletin 2004年第4期49卷 363-369页

作者： WUDexing WANXiuquan BAOXianwen MULin LANJian InstituteofPhysicalOceanography LaboratoryofPhysicalOceanographyOceanUniversityofChinaQingdao266003China departmentofoceanography OceanUniversityofChinaQingdao266003China

The analysis of observed salinity data over 35 years (1961—1996) at four stations around the Bohai Sea, i.e. Huludao, Qinhuangdao, Tanggu and Beihuangcheng, reveals that the salinity of the 4 observation stations has increased 1.1, 1.6, 1.9 and 0.4, respectively. The data also show that over the past 35 years, there have been at least 5 large salin-ity variation processes. The salinity data from two cruises of the Bohai Sea in August 1958 and 2000, show that the salin-ity pattern of the Bohai Sea has changed markedly. Low sa-linity in the sea surface layer around the old Yellow River mouth in August 1958 had been replaced by high salinity in August 2000 and the maximum variation of salinity is over 10.0. In addition, the values and distribution of salinity were almost the same from surface to bottom there in August 2000, but there existed significantly different salinity levels be-tween the surface layer and the deep layer in August 1958. When a comparison is made between the salinity levels of the above-mentioned two years, it is found that the salinity in August 2000 is on average 2.0 higher than that of August 1958 in the main part of the Bohai Sea. The change of tem-perature and salinity field in the Bohai Sea leads to the change of the circulation. The numerical simulation shows that in comparison with the circulation structure of the Bohai Sea in August 1958, the circulation in August 2000 changes markedly. The significant changes of circulation appeared in Bohai Bay, Laizhou Bay and in the middle of the Bohai Sea. The clockwise current loop outside of the Bohai Bay and counterclockwise current loop outside of the Laizhou Bay in August 1958 disappeared in August 2000, and the counterclockwise current loop of the Bohai Bay mi-grated obviously outward. The flow direction in the Laizhou Bay turned 180° around. Corresponding to the variation of the Bohai Sea circulation, the amount of water exchange between the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea has also changed. The wa

关键词：热盐区域渤海黄海海水表面盐度海水表面温度 SSS SST

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Distribution of ^(226)Ra in the Arctic Ocean and the Bering Sea and its hydrologic implications

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Science China Earth Sciences 2003年第5期46卷 516-528页

作者：邢娜陈敏黄奕普蔡平河邱雨生 departmentofoceanography XiamenUniversity

Radium-226 (226Ra) activities were measured in the surface water samples collected from the Arctic Ocean and the Bering Sea during the First Chinese National Arctic Research Ex-pedition. The results showed that 226Ra concentrations in the surface water ranged from 0.28 to 1.56 Bq/m3 with an average of 0.76 Bq/m3 in the Arctic Ocean, and from 0.25 to 1.26 Bq/m3 with an average of 0.71 Bq/m3 in the Bering Sea. The values were obviously lower than those from open oceans in middle and low latitudes, indicating that the study area may be partly influenced by sea ice meltwater. In the Bering Sea, 226Ra in the surface water decreased northward, probably as a result of the exchange between the 226Ra-deficient sea ice meltwater and the 226Ra-rich Pacific water. In the Arctic Ocean, 226Ra in the surface water increased northward and eastward. This spa-tial distribution of 226Ra reflected the variation of the 226Ra-enriched river component in the water mass of the Arctic Ocean. The vertical profiles of 226Ra in the Canadian Basin showed a concen-tration maximum at 200 m, which could be attributed to the inputs of the Pacific water or/and the bottom shelf water with high 226Ra concentration. This conclusion was consistent with the results from 2H, 18O tracers.

关键词： Arctic Ocean, Bering Sea, 226Ra, distribution.

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The sources of the upper and lower halocline water in the Canada Basin derived from isotopic tracers

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Science China Earth Sciences 2003年第6期46卷 625-639页

作者：陈敏黄奕普金明明邱雨生 departmentofoceanography XiamenUniversity SecondInstituteofOceanography StateOceanicAdministration

Seawater samples were collected in the water column from the Canada Basin aboard RV Xuelong in August 1999. Concentrations of δ; D, δ;18 O, nutrients (NO3 -, PO4 3-, SiO3 2-) and dissolved oxygen were measured, along with hydrographic parameters (salinity and temperature). Our results showed that the upper layer of the water column was characterized by the occurrence of the upper halocline water (UHW) and the lower halocline water (LHW). The UHW was associated with a salinity of 33.1 (～150m depth) and maximums of nutrients, NO and PO*, whereas minimums of NO and PO* (PO* = PO4 3?+ O2/175?1.95 μmol/dm3) occurred at the depth of LHW (~300m depth). Two tracer systems, S-δ;18O-PO* and S-δ D-SiO3 3-, were used to estimate the fractions of the Atlantic water, Pacific water, river runoff and sea ice meltwater in water samples. Combined with the nutrient ratio NO/PO, it was suggested that the UHW was derived from the in-flow of the Pacific water through the Bering Strait. These waters were modified to obtain the high salinity and nutrients in the Chukchi shelf or/and the east Siberian shelf. The LHW was maintained by inflow of the Atlantic water through Barents Sea and subsequent mixing with freshwater in the shelf region to produce the signals of NO and PO* minimums. In study basin, the river runoff signals were confined to water depths less than 300 m and the fractions of river runoff decreased with the increasing depth. Water column inventories of river runoff and sea ice meltwater were calculated between the surface and 300m. The river runoff inventories in the Canada Basin were higher than those in other sea areas, suggesting that the Canada basin is a major storage region for Arctic river water. The sea ice meltwater signals suggested that the Canada Basin is a region of net sea ice formation and the inventories of net sea ice in the upper water column increasing from the south to the north.

关键词： halocline water, water mass, the Canada Basin, 2H, 18O, nutrients.

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Effect of Phosphatization on Element Concentration of Cobalt-Rich Ferromanganese Crusts

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2005年第3期79卷 349-355页

作者： PANJiahuax E.H.DeCARLO YANGYi LIUShuqin YOUGuoqin InstituteofMineralResources ChineseAcademyofGeologicalSciencesBeijing100037China departmentofoceanography UniversityofHawaii21000PopeRd.HonoluluHawaii96822U.S.A. TheGraduateSchoolofTheChineseAcademyofSciences YuquanRoad18Beijing100049China

A detailed study on a small scale of the effect of phosphatization on the chemistry of marine cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts supplies useful information for the evaluation and comprehensive utilization of crust mineral resources. Sub-samples from top to bottom of a 10-cm thick sample from the NW Pacific Magellan seamount were taken at 5 mm intervals. The concentration profiles of ore-forming and rare earth elements show that obvious differences exist between young unphosphatized crusts and old phosphatized crusts. In the old crusts Fe, Mn, Si, Al, Zn, Mg, Co, Ni and Cu elements are depleted and Ca, P, Sr, Ba and Pb elements are enriched. The order of depletion is Co > Ni > Mg > Al > Mn > Si> Cu > Zn > Fe, while the order of enrichment is P > Ca > Ba > Pb > Sr. The phosphate mineral controls the concentration variation of the ore-forming elements in crusts and causes loss of the main ore-forming elements such as Co and Ni. The phosphatization also affects the abundance of REEs in the crusts. REEs are more abundant and the content of Ce in old crusts is higher than that in young crusts, however, the pattern of REEs and their fractionation characteristics in new and old crusts are not fundamentally changed. A Y-positive anomaly in old crusts has no relationship to the phosphatization.

关键词： phosphatization ore-forming element REE Co-rich crust concentration effect Pacific

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Tidal Analysis of High and Low Water Data

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2004年第1期3卷 10-16页

作者： LIPeiliang LILei ZUOJuncheng ZHAOWei CHENZongyong departmentofoceanography OceanUniversityofChinaQingdao266003P.R.China InstituteofOceanology ChineseAcademyofScienceQingdao266071P.R.China

The harmonic analysis method based on high and low water levels is discussed in this paper. In order to make full use of the information of high and low water observations (the time derivative of water level at the observation time is zero), the weight coefficient, w, is introduced to control the importance of the part related to this information in the error formula. The major diurnal constituents, O 1 and K 1, and semi diurnal constituents, N 2, M 2 and S 2 are selected directly from the monthly data analysis, and some other important constituents, P 1, ν 2 and K 2, are included as the inferred constituents. The obtained harmonic constants of the major constituents are very close to those obtained from the analysis of hourly data, and this shows that high and low water data can be used to extract tidal constants with high accuracy. The analysis result also shows that the inference and the weighting coefficient are important in the high and low water data analysis, and it is suggested that w ≥1 should be taken in monthly high and low water data analysis. This analysis method can be used directly to analyze altimetric data with w =0.

关键词： tidal analysis high and low water data altimetric data

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