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Star power: harnessing the reactive astrocyte response to promote remyelination in multiple sclerosis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第3期19卷 578-582页

作者： Markley Silva Oliveira Junior Laura Reiche Emerson Daniele Ines Kortebi Maryam Faiz Patrick Küry department of Neurology Neuroregeneration laboratoryMedical FacultyHeinrich-Heine-UniversityDüsseldorfGermany Institute of Medical Science University of TorontoTorontoCanada Division of anatomy Department of SurgeryUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada

Astrocytes are indispensable for central nervous system development and *** response to injury and disease,astrocytes are integral to the immunological-and the,albeit limited,repair *** this review,we will examine some of the functions reactive astrocytes play in the context of multiple sclerosis and related animal *** will consider the heterogeneity or plasticity of astrocytes and the mechanisms by which they promote or mitigate ***,we will discuss a set of biomedical strategies that can stimulate astrocytes in their promyelinating response.

关键词： astrocytes demyelination drug-based therapies myelin repair oligodendrocyte precursor cells reactive astrogliosis

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Clinical and Therapeutic Aspects of Inguinal Hernia in Children in the General surgery department of Reference Health Center in Commune I of Bamako Mali

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Surgical Science 2024年第2期15卷 54-63页

作者： Tounkara Cheickna Samake Hamidou Simpara Mama Diarra Issaka Sanogo Modibo Sidibe Souleymane Togola Modibo Dembele Bakary Tientigui Coulibaly Yacaria Togo Pierre Adégné Kante Lassana department of General surgery the Reference Health Center of Commune I Bamako Mali Directorate of Social Health Service the Armed Forces of Mali Bamako Mali department of Pediatric surgery Mali Hospital Bamako Mali department of General surgery the Gabriel TOURE University Hospital Bamako Mali department of Pediatric surgery Gabriel TOURE University Hospital Bamako Mali

Inguinal hernia in children is a congenital pathology in children linked to the persistence of the peritoneo-vaginal canal in children and the NüCK canal in girls;persisting into adulthood. This work aimed to study inguinal hernia in children in the general surgery department of the Reference Health Center of Commune I of the Bamako District;to determine the frequency of inguinal hernia;describe the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects of inguinal hernias and in order to evaluate the cost of treatment. This was a prospective study from April 2017 to March 2018 during which 60 children with an inguinal hernia were collected. Inguinal hernias in children represented 9.23% of patients operated on in the department. The average age was 59.23 months with extremes of one month and 180 months and a standard deviation of 49.23 years. The male sex was dominant with a sex ratio equal to 9:1. The notion of prematurity was found in 11.7% and was associated with a testicle not in place in 1.7% of cases. 41.7% of our patients were referred by a doctor and 66.7% of patients presented with painless, intermittent inguino-scrotal swelling (83.3% of cases). The hernia was discovered before one week of life in 50% of cases. Inguinal swelling was absent in 11.7% but observed intraoperatively. The inguinal hernia was unilateral in 91.7% of cases and 70% of hernias were discovered by the parents during pushing efforts. The inguinal hernia was located on the right in 61.7% of cases. The hernia swelling was soft, painless, impulsive and reducible in 78.3% of cases. The swelling was inguino-scrotal in 58.3% of cases. The hernia was simple in 95% of patients and hernial strangulation was observed in 3 cases or 5% of cases. 98.3% of patients were ASA I. The treatment was carried out openly in all our patients including closure of the vaginal peritoneal canal in 95% of cases under general anesthesia in 98.3% of cases. The morbidity rate was 8.4% (surgical site infection: 6.7% of ca

关键词： Inguinal Hernia Child surgery Cs Ref C I Bamako Mali

Unraveling the gut-brain axis:the impact of steroid hormones and nutrition on Parkinson's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第10期19卷 2219-2228页

作者： Paula Maria Neufeld Ralf A.Nettersheim Veronika Matschke Matthias Vorgerd Sarah Stahlke Carsten Theiss department of Cytology Institute of AnatomyMedical FacultyRuhr-University BochumBochumGermany department of Visceral surgery University Hospital BergmannsheilRuhr-University BochumBochumGermany department of Neurology Heimer Institute for Muscle ResearchUniversity Hospital BergmannsheilRuhr-University BochumBochumGermany

This comprehensive review explores the intricate relationship between nutrition,the gut microbiome,steroid hormones,and Parkinson's disease within the context of the gut-brain *** gut-brain axis plays a pivotal role in neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's disease,encompassing diverse components such as the gut microbiota,immune system,metabolism,and neural *** gut microbiome,profoundly influenced by dietary factors,emerges as a key *** during the first 1000 days of life shapes the gut microbiota composition,influencing immune responses and impacting both child development and adult ***-fat,high-sugar diets can disrupt this delicate balance,contributing to inflammation and immune *** nutritional strategies,the Mediterranean diet's anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties show promise in reducing Parkinson's disease ***-targeted dietary approaches and the ketogenic diet hold the potential in improving brain *** nutrition,emerging research uncovers potential interactions between steroid hormones,nutrition,and Parkinson's ***,with its anti-inflammatory properties and presence in the nervous system,offers a novel option for Parkinson's disease *** ability to enhance neuroprotection within the enteric nervous system presents exciting *** review addresses the hypothesis thatα-synuclein aggregates originate from the gut and may enter the brain via the vagus *** symptoms preceding motor symptoms support this *** gut-brain signaling during gut dysbiosis contributes to inflammation and neurotransmitter imbalances,emphasizing the potential of microbiota-based *** summary,this review uncovers the complex web of interactions between nutrition,the gut microbiome,steroid hormones,and Parkinson's disease within the gut-brain axis *** these connections not only offers novel therapeutic insi

关键词： diet gut-brain axis microbiome neurodegenerative diseases nutrition Parkinson's disease progesterone steroid hormones

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Liver surface depressions in the presence of diaphragmatic muscular bands on trans-illumination

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World Journal of Experimental Medicine 2024年第2期14卷 5-10页

作者： Shamir O Cawich Michael T Gardner Ramanand Shetty Jean Pierre Louboutin Zenica Dabichan Shaneeta Johnson department of surgery University of the West IndiesSt AugustineTrinidad and Tobago Section of anatomy Department of Basic Medical SciencesUniversity of the West IndiesKingston KIN7Jamaica department of surgery Morehouse School of MedicineAtlantaGA 30310United States

Traditional descriptions of liver anatomy refer to a smooth,convex surface contacting the *** depressions are recognized anatomic *** are many theories to explain the cause of the *** discuss the theory that these are... 详细信息

关键词： Liver anatomy Depressions Fissure Groove Sulcus Variant

Study of Hemorrhoid Disease in the department of General surgery of the Cs Ref of the Commune I Bamako

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Surgical Science 2024年第2期15卷 36-47页

作者： Tounkara Cheickna Diarra Issaka Sanogo Modibo Togola Modibo Camara Ladji Soma Dembele Bakary Tientigui Traore Alhassane Togo Adégné Pierre Kante Lassana Ouattara Zanafon Diallo Gangaly department of General surgery The Reference Health Center in Commune I Bamako Mali department of General surgery The Gabriel Toure University Hospital Bamako Mali department of Urology The Gabriel Toure University Hospital Bamako Mali

This work was a retrospective prospective study carried out in the general surgery department of the Cs ref of commune I from January 2009 to December 2012. Our study aimed to determine the hospital frequency of hemorrhoidal disease, to identify the contributing factors, describe the clinical and therapeutic aspects and analyze the surgical consequences. We collected 73 patients with an average age of 37.8 years (range: 19 years and 77 years) with a sex ratio of 2.5 in favor of men. We operated on 49 patients or 67.1% of cases. 71.2% of our patients were married and lived in Bamako. Schoolchildren and middle managers made up 39.8% of cases. 82.2% of patients were seen in ordinary consultation and 69.9% complained of progressive anal pain in 66.7% of cases. This pain was triggered by defecation in 88.2% of our patients. The contributing factors were dominated by constipation (53.4%), working in a seated position (41.1%) and a sedentary lifestyle (16.4%) of cases. Stage IV external hemorrhoids and hemorrhoidal thrombosis represented 53.8% of surgical indications. The most used surgical technique was that of Milligan-Morgan, i.e. 51.9% of cases and 45.2% of patients treated medically received a combination of transit regulator, venotonics and analgesics. The surgical aftermath was marked by hemorrhage (3 cases), delayed healing (5 cases), urinary retention (1 case) and scarring anal stenosis (1 case). The morbidity rate was 5.48% of cases and a zero mortality rate. The average length of hospitalization was 2 days with extremes of 1 and 5 days.

关键词： Hemorrhoid surgery Cs Ref C I Bamako Mali

Epidemiology and Histopathology of Cancers of the Upper Aerodigestive Tract in the ENT and Head and Neck surgery department of the Ignace Deen National Hospital

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International Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck surgery 2024年第4期13卷 259-274页

作者： Mamadou Mouctar Ramata Diallo Oumou Amadou Diallo Raphan Madi Kaba Keita Ousmane Barry Abdoulaye Keita Alpha Oumar Diallo department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck surgery Mamou Regional Hospital Mamou Guinea Faculty of Health Sciences and Techniques Gamal Abdel Nasser University of Conakry Conakry Guinea department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck surgery Ignace Deen National Hospital Conakry Guinea department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck surgery NZrkor Regional Hospital NZrkor Guinea department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck surgery Donka National Hospital Conakry Guinea

Introduction: Head and neck cancers represent a significant burden of cancer, collectively ranking fourth for cancer incidence and second for cancer mortality worldwide. Objective: To study the epidemiological and histopathological aspects of head and neck cancers in the ENT-CCF department of Ignace Deen National Hospital. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive retrospective study covering a period of 5 years from September 1, 2016, to September 30, 2021. Results: We collected 43 cases of head and neck cancers, representing a hospital frequency of 1.85%. The mean age was 45.21 ± 13.23 years. Males predominated, accounting for 65.12%, compared to 34.88% for females, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.87. Housewives accounted for 27.90%, followed by farmers at 23.26% and traders/merchants at 18.60%, with 41.86% being uneducated. The main risk factors were tobacco (37.21%) and alcohol (34.88%). Pain (53.49%), dysphonia (51.16%), and dyspnea (39.53%) were the main presenting symptoms. Squamous cell carcinoma (74.42%) and large cell lymphoma (18.60%) were the most commonly cited histological types. Conclusion: Head and neck cancers remain relatively common in our country. Improving prognosis depends on early diagnosis of the condition, resuscitation resources, and prompt management.

关键词： Cancer Head and Neck Histopathology Ignace Deen National Hospital

Hepatic grooves:An observational study at laparoscopic surgery

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World Journal of Experimental Medicine 2024年第2期14卷 97-102页

作者： Shamir O Cawich Dexter A Thomas Fawwaz Mohammed Michael T Gardner Marlene Craigie Shaneeta Johnson Ramnanand S Kedambady department of surgery University of the West IndiesSt Augustine 000000Trinidad and Tobago department of surgery Port of Spain General HospitalPort of Spain 000000Trinidad and Tobago Section of anatomy Basic Medical SciencesUniversity of the West IndiesKingston 000000Jamaica department of Radiology University of the West IndiesKingston 000000Jamaica department of surgery Morehouse School of MedicineAtlantaGA 30310United States Section of anatomy Department of Basic Medical SciencesUniversity of the West IndiesKingston KIN7Jamaica

BACKGROUND In traditional descriptions,the upper surface of the liver is smooth and convex,but deep depressions are variants that are present in 5%-40%of *** sought to determine the relationship between surface depressions and the *** To use exploratory laparoscopy to determine the relationship between surface depressions and the *** An observational study was performed in all patients undergoing laparoscopic upper gastro-intestinal operations between January 1,2023 and January 20,2024.A thirty-degree laparoscope was used to inspect the liver and *** surface depressions were present,we recorded patient demographics,presence of diaphragmatic bands,rib protrusions and/or any other source of compression during *** Of 394 patients,343 had normal surface anatomy,and 51(12.9%)had prominent surface depressions on the *** was no significant relationship between the presence of surface depressions and gender nor the presence of rib ***,there was significant association between the presence of surface depressions and diaphragmatic muscular bands(P<0.001).CONCLUSION With these data,the diaphragmatic-band theory has gained increased importance over other theories for surface *** studies are warranted using cross sectional imaging to confirm relationships with intersectional planes as well as beta-catenin assays in the affected liver parenchyma.

关键词： Liver Variant Vein Hepatic surgery

Postoperative Complications in the General surgery department of the Cs Ref of Commune I of the District of Bamako Mali

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Surgical Science 2024年第6期15卷 409-419页

作者： Tounkara Cheickna Samake Hamidou Dembele Lamine Diarra Issaka Togola Modibo Sanogo Modibo Dembele Bakary Tientigui Traore Alhassane Togo Adégné Pierre Kante Lassana department of General surgery Reference Health Center of Commune I of Bamako Bamako Mali Directorate of Social and Health Services of the Armies Bamako Mali department of General surgery CHU Gabriel Tour Bamako Mali

Postoperative complications represent important indicators for the quality of surgical care. The objectives of this work were to study post-operative complications in the general surgery department of the Cs ref of commune I in Mali, to determine the frequency of post-operative complications, to identify the factors of occurrence, to describe the clinical aspects, diagnostic and therapeutic in order to assess the additional cost linked to post-operative complications. This study was prospective, carried out in the general surgery department on 300 cases of surgical interventions. It covered all patients aged at least 15 years, operated on and hospitalized or not, and who presented complications during the 30 days postoperatively. Patients under the age of 15 were not included (our general surgery department is not a pediatric surgery department). We collected 300 patients among whom 199 (66.33%) were men and 101 (33.66%) women, i.e. a sex ratio = 1.9. The average age was 38 years with extremes of 15 and 87 years. The main initial diagnoses were: acute appendicitis, peritonitis, occlusions, wall hernias, hemorrhoids, uterine prolapse, uterine myomas, ovarian cysts and acute cholecystitis. Emergencies represented 43% (N = 129) of interventions with 6.98% post-operative complications (POC). Postoperative complications were dominated by surgical site infections, 75% of cases (N = 20), wall hemorrhage 5% (N = 1), testicular necrosis 5% (N = 1) and testicular calcification 5% (N = 1), wire rejection 5% (N = 1) and death 5% (N = 1). The management of postoperative complications was surgical in 95% and medical in 100%. Their occurrence extended the hospital stay by 3.65 days and increased the average cost of care by 60541.85 CFA francs. The mortality index lowered by efficient management of complications (IMAGE) calculated in relation to deaths was 95% of cases. Anemia, ASA score ≥ III, Alteimeir II and IV classes, duration of surgery and post-operative hospitalization were

关键词： Complications Post Opératoires Chirurgie Cs Ref CI Bamako Mali

PCAF-mediated acetylation of METTL3 impairs mR NA translation efficiency in response to oxidative stress

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Science China Life Sciences 2024年

作者： Cheng Liu Miao Yu Mengyuan Wang Siyuan Yang Yenan Fu Lei Zhang Chaoyang Zhu Hongquan Zhang Program for Cancer and Cell Biology Department of Human Anatomy Histology and Embryology School of Basic Medical Sciences Peking University International Cancer Institute and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology Peking University Health Science Center department of General surgery and Urological surgery Huaihe Hospital Henan University department of Human anatomy Histology and Embryology Shenzhen University School of Medicine

METTL3 methylates RNA and regulates the fate of mRNA through its methyltransferase activity. METTL3 enhances RNA translation independently of its catalytic activity. However, the underlying mechanism is still elusive. Here, we report that METTL3 is both interacted with and acetylated at lysine 177 by the acetyltransferase PCAF and deacetylated by SIRT3. Neither the methyltransferase activity nor the stability of METTL3 is affected by its acetylation at K177. Importantly, acetylation of METTL3 blocks its interaction with EIF3H, a subunit of the translation initiation factor, thereby reducing mRNA translation efficiency. Interestingly, acetylation of METTL3 responds to oxidative stress. Mechanistically, oxidative stress enhances the interaction of PCAF with METTL3, increases METTL3 acetylation, and suppresses the interaction of METTL3 with EIF3H, thereby decreasing the translation efficiency of ribosomes and inhibiting cell proliferation. Altogether,we suggest a mechanism by which oxidative stress regulates RNA translation efficiency by the modulation of METTL3 acetylation mediated by PCAF.

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