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On the functions of astrocyte-mediated neuronal slow inward currents

Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第12期19卷 2602-2612页

作者： Balázs Pál department of physiology Faculty of MedicineUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary

Slow inward currents are known as neuronal excitatory currents mediated by glutamate release and activation of neuronal extra synaptic N-met hyl-D-aspartate receptors with the contribution of *** events are significantly slower than the excitatory postsynaptic *** of slow inward currents are determined by seve ral factors including the mechanisms of astrocytic activation and glutamate release,as well as the diffusion pathways from the release site towards the extra synaptic recepto *** are stimulated by neuronal network activity,which in turn excite neurons,forming an astrocyte-neuron feedback *** as a consequence of brain edema,astrocytic swelling can also induce slow inward currents under pathological *** is a growing body of evidence on the roles of slow inward currents on a single neuron or local network *** events often occur in synchro ny on neurons located in the same astrocytic *** synchronization of neuronal excitability,slow inward currents also set synaptic strength via eliciting timing-dependent synaptic *** addition,slow inward currents are also subject to non-synaptic plasticity triggered by long-la sting stimulation of the excitatory *** note,there might be important regionspecific differences in the roles and actions triggering slow inward *** greater networks,the pathophysiological roles of slow inward currents can be better understood than physiological *** inward currents are identified in the pathophysiological background of autism,as slow inward currents drive early hypersynchrony of the neural *** inward currents are significant contributors to paroxysmal depolarizational shifts/interictal *** events are related to epilepsy,but also found in Alzheimer's disease,Parkinson's disease,and stroke,leading to the decline of cognitive *** with features overlapping with slow inward currents(excitatory,N-methyl-Dasp

关键词： astrocyte cortical spreading depolarization gliotransmission glutamate neural synchronization NMDA receptor paroxysmal depolarizational shift slow inward current

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K^(+) channel-mediated retarded maturation of interneurons and its role in neurodevelopmental disorders

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第7期19卷 1403-1404页

作者： Kaizhen Li Daria Savitska Olga Garaschuk Laboratory of Systems Neuroscience Department of PhysiologyUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland Institute of physiology Department of NeurophysiologyEberhard Karls University of TübingenTübingenGermany

De novo mutations in genes encoding K^(+)channels are implicated in many severe neurodevelopmental ***,mutations in KCNA2,encoding the Shaker-type voltage-gated K^(+)channel Kv1.2,and KCNJ2,encoding the inwardly rectifying K^(+)channel Kir2.1,associate with focal and generalized epilepsies,brain atrophy,autism,ataxia and hereditary spastic paraplegia(Syrbe et al.,2015;Masnada et al.,2017;Cheng et al.,2021).

关键词： disorders atrophy

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Regenerative medicine strategies for chronic complete spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第4期19卷 818-824页

作者： Shogo Hashimoto Narihito Nagoshi Masaya Nakamura Hideyuki Okano department of Orthopedic Surgery Keio University School of Medicine department of physiology Keio University School of Medicine

Spinal cord injury is a condition in which the parenchyma of the spinal cord is damaged by trauma or various *** rapid progress has been made in regenerative medicine for spinal cord injury that was previously untreatable,most research in this field has focused on the early phase of incomplete ***,the majority of patients have chronic severe injuries;therefore,treatments for these situations are of fundamental *** reason why the treatment of complete spinal cord injury has not been studied is that,unlike in the early stage of incomplete spinal cord injury,there are various inhibitors of neural ***,we assumed that it is difficult to address all conditions with a single treatment in chronic complete spinal cord injury and that a combination of several treatments is essential to target severe ***,we established a combination therapy of cell transplantation and drug-releasing scaffolds,which contributes to functional recovery after chronic complete transection spinal cord injury,but we found that functional recovery was limited and still needs further ***,for the further development of the treatment of chronic complete spinal cord injury,we review the necessary approaches to the different pathologies based on our findings and the many studies that have been accumulated to date and discuss,with reference to the literature,which combination of treatments is most effective in achieving functional recovery.

关键词： cell transplantation chronic phase complete transection regenerative medicine spinal cord injury

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Mechanism of Cu entry into the brain:many unanswered questions

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第11期19卷 2421-2429页

作者： Shubhrajit Roy Svetlana Lutsenko department of physiology Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA

Brain tissue requires high amounts of copper(Cu)for its key physiological processes,such as energy production,neurotransmitter synthesis,maturation of neuropeptides,myelination,synaptic plasticity,and radical *** requirements for Cu in the brain vary depending on specific brain regions,cell types,organism age,and nutritional *** imbalances cause or contribute to several life-threatening neurologic disorders including Menkes disease,Wilson disease,Alzheimer’s disease,Parkinson’s disease,and *** the well-established role of Cu homeostasis in brain development and function,the mechanisms that govern Cu delivery to the brain are not well *** review summarizes available information on Cu transfer through the brain barriers and discusses issues that require further research.

关键词： ATOX1 ATP7A ATP7B blood-brain barrier brain choroid plexus copper SLC31A1

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New pharmacological tools:the use of diterpenes to promote adult hippocampal neurogenesis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第8期19卷 1629-1630页

作者： Ricardo Gomez-Oliva Pedro Nunez-Abades Carmen Castro department of Biomedicine Biotechnology and Public HealthDivision of PhysiologyUniversity of CadizCadizSpain Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz(INiBICA) CadizSpain department of physiology University of SevilleSevilleSpain

Tissue regeneration maintains homeostasis and preserves the functional features of each ***,not all tissues show a strong repairing *** is the case of the central nervous *** is now well established that the generation of new functional neurons from stem cells in the adult brain occurs in specific regions of the brain of different species such as rodents,birds,primates,and humans(Eriksson et al.,1998).

关键词： capacity maintain preserve

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Short neuropeptide F in integrated insect physiology

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2024年第5期25卷 389-409页

作者： Marcin CHOLEWINSKI Szymon CHOWANSKI Jan LUBAWY Arkadiusz URBANSKI Karolina WALKOWIAK-NOWICKA Paweł MARCINIAK department of Animal physiology and Developmental Biology Adam Mickiewicz UniversityPoznan 61-614Poland

The short neuropeptide F(sNPF)family of peptides is a multifunctional group of neurohormones involved in the regulation of various physiological processes in *** have been found in a broad spectrum of species,but the number of isoforms in the precursor molecule varies from one to *** receptor for sNPF(sNPFR),which belongs to the G protein-coupled receptor family,has been characterized in various insect orders and was shown to be an ortholog of the mammalian prolactin-releasing peptide receptor(PrPR).The sNPF signaling pathway interacts with other neurohormones such as insulin-like peptides,SIFamide,and pigment-dispersing factors(PDFs)to regulate various *** main physiological function of sNPF seems to be involved in the regulation of feeding,but the observed effects are *** is also connected with the regulation of foraging behavior and the olfactory *** influence of sNPF on feeding and thus energy metabolism may also indirectly affect other vital processes,such as reproduction and *** addition,these neurohormones are involved in the regulation of locomotor activity and circadian rhythm in *** review summarizes the current state of knowledge about the sNPF system in insects.

关键词： Insect neuropeptide Invertebrate neurobiology Short neuropeptide F(sNPF) Feeding Neurohormone

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Therapeutic effects of Coriandrum sativum extracts:A review

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2024年第5期14卷 181-186页

作者： Akbar Anaeigoudari department of physiology School of MedicineJiroft University of Medical SciencesJiroftIran

Medicinal plants,as a good therapeutic strategy,can be used to treat a wide spectrum of *** sativum(***)is a plant from Apiaceae *** reports indicate that *** has positive effects on anxiety,seizure,learning and memory ability,as well as *** annual plant can also treat colitis,increase appetite,reduce blood pressure,and attenuate myocardial ***,it improves liver and kidney function and diabetes mellitus and inhibits osteoclast *** beneficial effects of *** mainly are attributed to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory *** present paper reviews the impacts of *** on different body *** was extracted by searching the Web of Science,PubMed,Scopus,and Google Scholar from January 2010 until the end of February 2024.

关键词： Coriandrum sativum Inflammation Antioxidant Oxidative stress Nervous system Liver

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TonEBP expression is essential in the IL-1β–induced migration and invasion of human A549 lung cancer cells

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Oncology Research 2024年第1期32卷 151-161页

作者： HEE JU SONG TAEHEE KIM HAN NA CHOI SOO JIN KIM SANG DO LEE department of physiology School of MedicineChungnam National UniversityDaejeon35015Korea

Lung cancer has the highest mortality rate among all cancers,in part because it readily *** tumor microenvironment,comprising blood vessels,fibroblasts,immune cells,and macrophages[including tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs)],is closely related to cancer cell growth,migration,and *** secrete several cytokines,including interleukin(IL)-1β,which participate in cancer migration and invasion.p21-activated kinase 1(PAK1),an important signaling molecule,induces cell migration and invasion in several ***responsive enhancer-binding protein(TonEBP)is also known to participate in cancer cell growth,migration,and ***,the mechanisms by which it increases lung cancer migration remain ***,in this study,we aimed to elucidate the mechanisms by which IL-1βand TonEBP affect lung cancer cell migration and *** found that A549 cocultured-MΦ-secreted IL-1βinduced A549 cell migration and invasion via the PAK1 *** deficiency reduced A549 cell migration and invasion and increased responsiveness to IL-1β–induced migration and ***1 phosphorylation,which was promoted by IL-1β,was reduced when TonEBP was *** results suggest that TonEBP plays an important role in IL-1βinduction and invasiveness of A549 cells via the PAK1 *** findings could be valuable in identifying potential targets for lung cancer treatment.

关键词： Lung cancer TonEBP Tumor microenvironment Tumor-associated macrophage IL-1β

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Role of N-formyl peptide receptor 2 in germinal matrix hemorrhage:an intrinsic review of a hematoma resolving pathway

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第2期19卷 350-354页

作者： Jerry Flores Jiping Tang department of physiology&Pharmacology Loma Linda University School of MedicineLoma LindaCAUSA

Germinal matrix hemorrhage is one of the leading causes of morbidity,mortality,and acquired infantile hydrocephalus in preterm infants in the United States,with little progress made in its clinical *** clots have been shown to elicit secondary brain injury after germinal matrix hemorrhage,by disrupting normal cerebrospinal fluid circulation and absorption after germinal matrix hemorrhage causing post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus *** evidence suggests that rapid hematoma resolution is necessary to improve neurological outcomes after hemorrhagic *** articles have demonstrated the beneficial effects of stimulating the polarization of microglia cells into the M2 phenotype,as it has been suggested that they play an essential role in the rapid phagocytosis of the blood clot after hemorrhagic models of stroke.N-formyl peptide receptor 2(FPR2),a G-protein-coupled receptor,has been shown to be neuroprotective after ***2 activation has been associated with the upregulation of phagocytic macrophage clearance,yet its mechanism has not been fully *** literature suggests that FPR2 may play a role in the stimulation of scavenger receptor *** receptor CD36 plays a vital role in microglia phagocytic blood clot clearance after germinal matrix ***2 has been shown to phosphorylate extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1/2(ERK1/2),which then promotes the transcription of the dual-specificity protein phosphatase 1(DUSP1)*** this review,we present an intrinsic outline of the main components involved in FPR2 stimulation and hematoma resolution after germinal matrix hemorrhage.

关键词： AnxA1 FPR2 GMH hematoma resolution hemorrhagic stroke M1 M2 microglia polarization microglia phagocytosis

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Vasorelaxant effects of biochemical constituents of various medicinal plants and their benefits in diab

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第6期15卷 1122-1141页

作者： Sadettin Demirel Medicine School Physiology DepartmentBursa Uludag UniversityBursa 16059Türkiye

Endothelial function plays a pivotal role in cardiovascular health,and dysfunction in this context diminishes vasorelaxation concomitant with endothelial *** nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate pathway,prostacyclin-cyclic adenosine monophosphate pathway,inhibition of phosphodiesterase,and the opening of potassium channels,coupled with the reduction of calcium levels in the cell,constitute critical mechanisms governing *** disease stands as a significant contributor to morbidity and mortality among individuals with diabetes,with adults afflicted by diabetes exhibiting a heightened cardiovascular risk compared to their non-diabetic counterparts.A plethora of medicinal plants,characterized by potent pharmacological effects and minimal side effects,holds promise in addressing these *** this review,we delineate various medicinal plants and their respective biochemical constituents,showcasing concurrent vasorelaxant and anti-diabetic activities.

关键词： Medicinal plants Vasorelaxation Endothelium Diabetes Anti-diabetic

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