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Path signature-based XAI-enabled network time series classification

Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第7期67卷 91-106页

作者： Le SUN Yueyuan WANG Yongjun REN Feng XIA department of Jiangsu Collaborative innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment technology(CICAEET) Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology School of Computing Technologies Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology

Classifying network time series(NTS) is crucial for automating network administration and ensuring cyberspace security. It enables the detection of anomalies, the identification of network attacks,and the monitoring of performance issues, thereby providing valuable support for network protection and optimization. However, modern communication networks pose challenges for NTS classification *** include handling large-scale and complex NTS data, extracting features from intricate datasets, and addressing explainability requirements. These challenges are particularly pronounced for complex 5G networks. Notably, explainability has become crucial for the widespread deployment of network automation for 5G networks and beyond. To tackle these challenges, we propose a path-signature-based NTS classification model called recurrent signature(Recur Sig). This innovative model is designed to overcome the time-consuming feature selection problem by utilizing deep-learning(DL) techniques. Additionally, it provides a solution for addressing the black-box issue associated with DL models in network automation systems(NAS) by incorporating an explainable classification approach. Extensive experimentation on various public datasets demonstrates that Recur Sig outperforms existing models in accuracy and explainability. The results indicate its potential for application in cyberspace security and automated network management, offering an explainable solution for network protection and optimization.

关键词： network time series classification explainable artificial intelligence path signature automated network management recurrent neural network

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Unveiling of Terahertz Emission from Ultrafast Demagnetization and the Anomalous Hall Effect in a Single Ferromagnetic Film

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Chinese Physics Letters 2024年第4期41卷 45-50页

作者：蓝志强李章顺徐浩然刘凡金钻明彭滟朱亦鸣 Terahertz technology innovation Research Institute Terahertz Spectrum and Imaging Technology Cooperative Innovation CenterShanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical SystemUniversity of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai 200093China

Using THz emission spectroscopy,we investigate the elementary spin dynamics in ferromagnetic single-layer Fe on a sub-picosecond *** demonstrate that THz radiation changes its polarity with reversal of the magnetization applied by the external magnetic *** addition,it is found that the sign of THz polarity excited from different sides is defined by the thickness of the Fe layer and Fe/dielectric *** on the thickness and symmetry dependences of THz emission,we experimentally distinguish between the two major contributions:ultrafast demagnetization and the anomalous Hall *** experimental results not only enrich understanding of THz electromagnetic generation induced by femtosecond laser pulses but also provide a practical way to access laser-induced ultrafast spin dynamics in magnetic structures.

关键词： magnetic magnetization polarity

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OpBench: an operator-level GPU benchmark for deep learning

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第9期67卷 76-87页

作者： Qingwen GU Bo FAN Zhengning LIU Kaicheng CAO Songhai ZHANG Shimin HU department of Computer Science and technology Tsinghua University National innovation Institute of Defense technology Academy of Military Science Beijing Fitten technology Co. Ltd.

Operators(such as Conv and ReLU) play an important role in deep neural networks. Every neural network is composed of a series of differentiable operators. However, existing AI benchmarks mainly focus on accessing model training and inference performance of deep learning systems on specific models. To help GPU hardware find computing bottlenecks and intuitively evaluate GPU performance on specific deep learning tasks, this paper focuses on evaluating GPU performance at the operator level. We statistically analyze the information of operators on 12 representative deep learning models from six prominent AI tasks and provide an operator dataset to show the different importance of various types of operators in different networks. An operator-level benchmark, OpBench, is proposed on the basis of this dataset, allowing users to choose from a given range of models and set the input sizes according to their demands. This benchmark offers a detailed operator-level performance report for AI and hardware developers. We also evaluate four GPU models on OpBench and find that their performances differ on various types of operators and are not fully consistent with the performance metric FLOPS(floating point operations per second).

关键词： deep learning operator benchmark model benchmark GPU performance analysis deep neural networks

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A nerve-like self-healable conductive wire

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National Science Review 2024年第6期11卷 89-90页

作者： Xuemei Fu Benjamin C.K.Tee department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of Singapore Institute for Health innovation and technology National University of Singapore

In wearables and robotics, it is often required to deploy electronic devices at different spatially distributed locations for multi-functionality [1–3]. Thus, conductive wires for efficient interconnection of various electronic devices are ***, in practical applications, the frequent motion of wearers and robots will result in high-strain deformations of these wires, which could cause irreparable damage.

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Design of double protograph LDPC codes based JSCC systems via the ACE-PEG algorithm

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第7期67卷 339-340页

作者： Yijie LV Jiguang HE Shaohua HONG department of Information and Communication Engineering Xiamen University technology innovation Institute Centre for Wireless Communications Oulu University

In this study, we present a state-of-the-art design of double protograph low-density parity-check (DP-LDPC) codes based on progressive edge-growth (PEG) algorithm with approximated cycle extrinsic message degree (ACE)... 详细信息

关键词： Benchmarking

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Higher-order properties and extensions for indirect MRAC and APPC of linear systems

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第4期67卷 218-238页

作者： Yanjun ZHANG Zhipeng ZHANG Jian SUN Lei WANG Kangkang ZHANG National Key Lab of Autonomous Intelligent Unmanned Systems Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing Institute of technology Chongqing innovation Center College of Control Science and Engineering Zhejiang University department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Imperial College London KIOS Research and innovation Center of Excellence University of Cyprus

Recently, a reference derived some new higher-order output tracking properties for direct model reference adaptive control(MRAC) of linear time-invariant(LTI) systems: limt→∞ e~((i))(t) = 0, i = 1,..., n~*-1, where n~* and e~((i))(t) denote the relative degree of the system and the i-th derivative of the output tracking error, respectively. However, a naturally arising question involves whether indirect adaptive control(including indirect MRAC and indirect adaptive pole placement control) of LTI systems still has higher-order tracking properties. Such properties have not been reported in the literature. Therefore, this paper provides an affirmative answer to this question. Such higher-order tracking properties are new discoveries since they hold without any additional design conditions and, in particular, without the persistent excitation condition. Given the higher-order properties, a new adaptive control system is developed with stronger tracking features.(1) It can track a reference signal with any order derivatives being unknown.(2) It has higher-order exponential or practical output tracking properties.(3) Finally, it is different from the usual MRAC system, whose reference signal’s derivatives up to the n~* order are assumed to be known. Finally, two simulation examples are provided to verify the theoretical results obtained in this paper.

关键词： higher-order tracking indirect adaptive control model reference adaptive control adaptive pole placement control

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Higher levels of the lipophilic antioxidants coenzyme Q_(10) and vitamin E in long-lived termite queens than in short-lived workers

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Insect Science 2024年第1期31卷 201-210页

作者： Eisuke Tasaki Yorihiro Yamamoto Yoshihito Iuchi department of Biological Chemistry Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for InnovationYamaguchi UniversityYamaguchiJapan School of Bioscience and Biotechnology Tokyo University of TechnologyHachiojiTokyoJapan

Termite queens and kings live longer than nonreproductive *** molecular mechanisms contributing to their long lifespan have been investigated;however,the underlying biochemical explanation remains *** Q(CoQ),a component of the mitochondrial electron transport chain,plays an essential role in the lipophilic antioxidant defense *** beneficial effects on health and longevity have been well studied in several ***,we demonstrated that long-lived termite queens have significantly higher levels of the lipophilic antioxidant CoQ_(10) than *** chromatography analysis revealed that the levels of the reduced form of CoQ_(10) were 4 fold higher in the queen's body than in the worker's *** addition,queens showed 7 fold higher levels of vitamin E,which plays a role in antilipid peroxidation along with CoQ,than ***,the oral administration of CoQ_(10) to termites increased the CoQ_(10) redox state in the body and their survival rate under oxidative *** findings suggest that CoQ_(10) acts as an efficient lipophilic antioxidant along with vitamin E in long-lived termite *** study provides essential biochemical and evolutionary insights into the relationship between CoQ_(10) concentrations and termite lifespan extension.

关键词： antioxidant defense system coenzyme Q termite queens vitamin E

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Metal-organic frameworks and their composites for advanced lithium-ion batteries:Synthesis,progress and prospects

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第2期89卷 449-470,I0011页

作者： Chengcai Liu Borong Wu Tao Liu Yuanxing Zhang Jingwen Cui Lingjun Huang Guoqiang Tan Ling Zhang Yuefeng Su Feng Wu School of Material Science and Engineering Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China Chonging innovation Center Beijing Institute of TechnologyChongqing 401120China Collaborative innovation Center of Electric Vehicles in Beijing Beijing 100081China

Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)are among the most promising materials for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)owing to their high surface area,periodic porosity,adjustable pore size,and controllable chemical *** instance,their unique porous structures promote electrolyte penetration,ions transport,and make them ideal for battery *** the chemical composition of MOF can introduce more active sites for electrochemical ***,MOFs and their related composites have been extensively and thoroughly explored for ***,the reported reviews solely include the applications of MOFs in the electrode materials of LIBs and rarely involve other aspects.A systematic review of the application of MOFs in LIBs is essential for understanding the mechanism of MOFs and better designing related MOFs battery *** review systematically evaluates the latest developments in pristine MOFs and MOF composites for LIB applications,including MOFs as the main materials(anode,cathode,separators,and electrolytes)to auxiliary materials(coating layers and additives for electrodes).Furthermore,the synthesis,modification methods,challenges,and prospects for the application of MOFs in LIBs are discussed.

关键词： Metal-organic frameworks Electrodes Electrolytes Separators Lithium-ion batteries

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Lithiophilic Li-Si alloy-solid electrolyte interface enabled by high-concentration dual salt-reinforced quasi-solid-state electrolyte

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第8期95卷 216-230,I0005页

作者： Yuanxing Zhang Ling Zhang Zhiguang Zhao Yuxiang Zhang Jingwen Cui Chengcai Liu Daobin Mu Yuefeng Su Borong Wu Feng Wu School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China Chongqing innovation Center Beijing Institute of TechnologyChongqing 401120China Collaborative innovation Center of Electric Vehicles in Beijing Beijing 100081China

Solid polymer electrolytes(SPEs)are urgently required to achieve practical solid-state lithium metal batteries(LMBs)and lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),Herein,we proposed a mechanism for modulating interfacial conduction and anode interfaces in high-concentration SPEs by *** electrolyte exhibits superior ionic conductivity and remarkable interface compatibility with salt-rich clusters:(1)polymer-plastic crystal electrolyte(P-PCE,TPU-SN matrix)dissociates ion pairs to facilitate Li+transport in the electrolyte and regulates Li^(+)diffusion in the *** crosslinking structure of the matrix compensates for the loss of mechanical strength at high-salt concentrations;(2)dual-anion TFSI^(-)_(n)-DFBOP^(-)_(m)in the Li^(+)solvation sheath facilitates facile Li^(+)desolvation and formation of salt-rich clusters and is conducive to the formation of Li conductive segments of TPU-SN matrix;(3)theoretical calculations indicate that the decomposition products of LiDFBOP form SEI with lower binding energy with LiF in the SN system,thereby enhancing the interfacial electrochemical redox kinetics of SPE and creating a solid interface SEI layer rich in *** a result,the optimized electrolyte exhibits an excellent ionic conductivity of9.31×10^(-4)S cm^(-1)at 30℃and a broadened electrochemical stability up to 4.73 *** designed electrolyte effectively prevents the formation of Li dendrites in Li symmetric cells for over 6500 h at0.1 mA cm^(-2).The specific Li-Si alloy-solid state half-cell capacity shows 711.6 mAh g^(-1)after 60 cycles at 0.3 A g^(-1).Excellent rate performance and cycling stability are achieved for these solid-state batteries with Li-Si alloy anodes and NCM 811 *** 811‖Prelithiated silicon-based anode solid-state cell delivers a discharge capacity of 195.55 mAh g^(-1)and a capacity retention of 97.8%after 120 *** 811‖Li solid-state cell also delivers capacity retention of 84.2%after 450 cycles.

关键词： Prelithiation Li-Si alloy anode Solid-state electrolyte SEI layer

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Impact characterization on thin structures using machine learning approaches

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2024年第2期37卷 30-44页

作者： Flavio DIPIETRANGELO Francesco NICASSIO Gennaro SCARSELLI department of Engineering for innovation University of SalentoLecce 73100Italy

Machine learning algorithms are trained and compared to identify and to characterise the impact on typical aerospace panels of different *** activities are conducted to build a proper impacts’*** regression algorithm and artificial neural network are applied and optimised to panels without stringer to test their capability to identify the ***,the algorithms are applied to panels reinforced with stringers that represent a significant increase of complexity in terms of dynamic features of the system to test:the focus is not only on the impact position’s detection but also on the event’s *** the identification of the best algorithm,the corresponding machine learning model is deployed on an ARM processor minicomputer,implementing an impact detection system,able to be installed on board an aerial vehicle,making it a smart aircraft equipped with an artificial intelligence decision-making system.

关键词： Artificial neural network Impact localisation Machine learning Polynomial regression Structural health monitoring

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