检索结果-南通市图书馆

Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(A) 2015年第3期4卷 143-153页

作者： Johanna Ngula Niipele lsak Kaholongo Kaholongo Joseph Njunge department of lntegrated Environmental Science University of Namibia Oshakati 9000 Namibia

The Cuvelai Basin of north-central Namibia consists of unique seasonal wetlands made up of shallow pans locally known as Iishana （Oshana, singular） which form ephemeral network systems. The basin has relatively fertile soils encouraging human settlements. More than 40% of the country＇s population resides in the basin. Early settlers in the basin utilized indigenous knowledge to develop land use systems that were in harmony with biophysical characteristics of the area. Over the years, there has been a departure from these indigenous land use systems resulting in land management problems. A desktop study coupled with field observations was conducted to describe the indigenous land use systems of the Owambo people living in the basin, and to determine factors behind the departure and consequential impacts of this departure on sustainability of land uses. Possible ways of preventing erosion of this indigenous knowledge were given attention. The paper recommends that the Owamboindigenous land management system needs to be embedded within government policies and regulations and should be strictly enforced. There is also a need for designing strategic basin management plans that are a combination of both scientific and indigenous knowledge.

关键词： Cuvelai Basin Owambo people indigenous land use system sustainable development.

Arabidopsis RNA polymerase Ⅱ C-terminal domain phosphatase-like 1 targets mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades to suppress plant immunity

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2023年第10期65卷 2380-2394页

作者： Junjun Wei Wei Sun Xinhang Zheng Shanshan Qiu Shuangyu Jiao Kevin Babilonia Hisashi Koiwa Ping He Libo Shan Wenxian Sun Fuhao Cui department of Plant Pathology and the Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of pest Monitoring and Green management China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China department of Biochemistry and Biophysics Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA department of Horticultural Sciences Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA

Mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK) cascades play pivotal roles in plant defense against phytopathogens downstream of immune receptor complexes. The amplitude and duration of MAPK activation must be strictly controlled, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we identified Arabidopsis CPL1(C-terminal domain phosphatase-like 1)as a negative regulator of microbe-associated molecular pattern(MAMP)-triggered immunity via a forward-genetic screen. Disruption of CPL1 significantly enhanced plant resistance to Pseudomonas pathogens induced by the bacterial peptide fg22. Furthermore, fg22-induced MPK3/MPK4/MPK6 phosphorylation was dramatically elevated in cpl1 mutants but severely impaired in CPL1 overexpression lines, suggesting that CPL1 might interfere with fg22-induced MAPK activation. Indeed, CPL1 directly interacted with MPK3 and MPK6, as well as the upstream MKK4 and MKK5. A firefy luciferase-based complementation assay indicated that the interaction between MKK4/MKK5 and MPK3/MPK6 was significantly reduced in the presence of CPL1. These results suggest that CPL1 plays a novel regulatory role in suppressing MAMP-induced MAPK cascade activation and MAMP-triggered immunity to bacterial pathogens.

关键词： Arabidopsis C-terminal domain(CTD)phosphatase-like 1(CPL1) microbe-associated molecular pattern(MAMP) mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK) pattern-triggered immunity(PTI)

Bacteria abundance and diversity of different life stages of Plutella xylostella （Lepidoptera： Plutellidae）, revealed by bacteria culture-dependent and PCR-DGGE methods

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Insect Science 2015年第3期22卷 375-385页

作者： Xiao-Li Lin Qin-Jian Pan Hong-Gang Tian Angela E. Douglas Tong-Xian Liu State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for the Arid Areas and Key Laboratory of Northwest Loess Plateau Crop Pest Management of Ministry of Agriculture Northwest A&F University Yangling Shaanxi China department of Entomology and department of Molecular Biology & Genetics Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 USA

Microbial abundance and diversity of different life stages （fourth instar larvae, pupae and adults） of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella L., collected from field and reared in laboratory, were investigated using bacteria culture-dependent method and PCR-DGGE analysis based on the sequence of bacteria 16S rRNA V3 region gene. A large quantity of bacteria was found in all life stages ofP. xylostella. Field population had higher quantity of bacteria than laboratory population, and larval gut had higher quantity than pupae and adults. Culturable bacteria differed in different life stages ofP. xylostella. Twenty-five different bacterial strains were identified in total, among them 20 strains were presented in larval gut, only 8 strains in pupae and 14 strains in adults were detected. Firmicutes bacteria, Bacillus sp., were the most dominant species in every life stage. 15 distinct bands were obtained from DGGE electrophoresis gel. The sequences blasted in GenBank database showed these bacteria belonged to six different genera. Phylogenetic analysis showed the sequences of the bacteria belonged to the Actinobacteri, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes. Serratia sp. in Proteobacteria was the most abundant species in larval gut. In pupae, unculturable bacteria were the most dominant species, and unculturable bacteria and Serratia sp. were the most dominant species in adults. Our study suggested that a combination of molecular and traditional culturing methods can be effectively used to analyze and to determine the diversity of gut microflora. These known bacteria may play important roles in development of P. xylostella.

关键词： diamondback moth gut flora insect bacteria microbial diversity 16S rRNA

Effects of Elevated Carbon Dioxide on the Growth and Foliar Chemistry of Transgenic Bt Cotton

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2007年第9期49卷 1361-1369页

作者： Gang Wu Fa-Jun Chen Feng Ge Yu-Cheng Sun National Key Laboratory of Integrated management of pest Insects and Rodents Institute of Zoology The Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China department of Entomology Co//ege of P/ant Protection Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 China department of Biology Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 China

A field study was carried out to quantify plant growth and the foliar chemistry of transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis （Bt） cotton （cv. GK-12） exposed to ambient CO2 and elevated （double-ambient） CO2 for different lengths of time （1, 2 and 3 months） in 2004 and 2005. The results indicated that CO2 levels significantly affected plant height, leaf area per plant and leaf chemistry of transgenic Bt cotton. Significantly, higher plant height and leaf area per plant were observed after cotton plants that were grown in elevated CO2 were compared with plants grown in ambient CO2 for 1, 2 and 3 months in the investigation. Simultaneously, significant interaction between CO2 level x investigating year was observed in leaf area per plant. Moreover, foliar total amino acids were increased by 14%, 13%, 11% and 12%, 14%, 10% in transgenic Bt cotton after exposed to elevated CO2 for 1, 2 or 3 months compared with ambient CO2 in 2004 and 2005, respectively. Condensed tannin occurrence increased by 17%, 11%, 9% in 2004 and 12%, 11%, 9% in 2005 in transgenic Bt cotton after being exposed to elevated CO2 for 1, 2 or 3 months compared with ambient CO2 for the same time. However, Bt toxin decreased by 3.0%, 2.9%, 3.1% and 2.4%, 2.5%, 2.9% in transgenic Bt cotton after exposed to elevated CO2 for 1, 2 or 3months compared with ambient CO2 for same time in 2004 and 2005, respectively. Furthermore, there was prominent interaction on the foliar total amino acids between the CO2 level and the time of cotton plant being exposed to elevated CO2. It is presumed that elevated CO2 can alter the plant growth and hence ultimately the phenotype allocation to foliar chemistical components of transgenic Bt cotton, which may in turn, affect the plant-herbivore interactions.

关键词： elevated CO2 growth leaf chemistry open-top chamber transgenic Bt cotton.

A sublethal concentration of afidopyropen suppresses the population growth of the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover(Hemiptera: Aphididae)

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2022年第7期21卷 2055-2064页

作者： MA Kang-sheng TANG Qiu-ling LIANG Ping-zhuo LI Jian-hong GAO Xi-wu department of Entomology China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193P.R.China Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable pest management Key Laboratory College of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070P.R.China

The cotton aphid,Aphis gossypii Glover(Hemiptera:Aphididae),is an important insect pest of cotton crops *** objectives of this study were to determine the acute toxicity of afidopyropen and whether there are any effects of sublethal concentrations of afidopyropen on the biological characteristics of *** results showed that afidopyropen possesses high acute toxicity to adult *** with a 72 h LC_(50) value of 1.062 mg L^(–1).A sublethal concentration(LC_(10))of afidopyropen significantly decreased adult longevity,fecundity and oviposition days of female adults in both F0 and F1 *** total pre-adult survival of F_(1) progeny was also significantly reduced by 30%at the LC_(10) of *** addition,the nymph developmental time,pre-adult period,adult pre-reproductive period(APRP),and total pre-reproductive period(TPRP)of the F1 progeny were significantly prolonged compared with the *** population parameters,including the net reproductive rate(R_(0)),intrinsic rate of increase(r)and finite rate of increase(λ)of F_(1) progeny were significantly decreased by a sublethal afidopyropen concentration *** results indicated that sublethal concentration of afidopyropen can significantly suppress *** population *** would be useful for assessing the overall effects of afidopyropen on ***.

关键词： afidopyropen Aphis gossypii sublethal effects longevity fecundity

High basal defense gene expression determines sorghum resistance to the whorl-feeding insect southwestern corn borer

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Insect Science 2013年第3期20卷 307-317页

作者： Wei-Ning Cheng Jia-Xin Lei William L. Rooney Tong-Xian Liu Keyan Zhu-Salzman Key Laboratory of Integrated pest management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau Ministry of Agriculture Northwest A&F Uni- versity Yangling Shaanxi China department of Entomology department of Soil and Crop Sciences Vegetable & Fruit Improvement Center Texas A&M University College Station Texas United States

Southwestern corn borer （SWCB, Diatraea grandiosella） and fall armyworm （FAW, Spodopterafrugiperda） are major pests of sorghum in the southern United States. Host plant resistance is a desirable means for reducing plant damage and yield losses from both insects. In this study, we evaluated 12 sorghum lines for whorl-stage resistance to leaf-feeding SWCB and FAW in greenhouse and laboratory bioassays. Differential plant responses were detected against the two insects. Among 12 lines tested, CM1821, Della and PI196583 were resistant to both insects, while BTx2752 was largely susceptible. Line R.09110 was resistant to SWCB, but susceptible to FAW, whereas Redbine-60 was suscep- tible to SWCB, but not to FAW. In addition, we quantified various chemical components in the plants and determined their association with insect resistance. Tannin and chloro- phyll in leaves did not show any significant correlation with resistance to either insects, but contents of soluble protein in general were negatively correlated with resistance to both insects. Endogenous soluble sugar and dhurrin were only positively correlated with resistance to SWCB, but not with FAW resistance. To gain some molecular insight into resistance mechanism of sorghum to SWCB, we performed qPCR reactions for key genes encoding enzymes involved in dhurrin and jasmonic acid （JA） biosynthesis on selected resistant or susceptible lines. Although these genes were rapidly and strongly induced by insect feeding in all lines, the observed resistance is likely explained by higher constitutive dhurrin contents in some resistant lines and higher basal JA biosynthesis in others. Our results suggest that sorghum utilizes multiple strategies to defend itself against SWCB.

关键词： Diatraea grandiosella host plant resistance resistance mechanism sorghum,Spodoptera frugiperda

Infection density pattern of Cardinium affects the responses of bacterial communities in an invasive whitefly under heat conditions

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Insect Science 2023年第4期30卷 1149-1164页

作者： Kun Yang Peng-Hao Qin Meng-Ying Yuan Lei Chen You-Jun Zhang Dong Chu Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural pest management College of Plant Health and MedicineQingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdaoShandong ProvinceChina department of Entomology Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina department of Plant Protection Institute of Vegetables and FlowersChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBejingChina

Communities of bacteria,especially symbionts,are vital for the growth and development of insects and other arthropods,including Bemisia tabaci Mediterranean(MED),a destructive and invasive insect ***,the infection density patterns and influence factors of bacteria in whiteflies,which mainly include symbionts,remain largely *** reveal the different density patterns of Cardinium in *** MED popula-tions and the impacts of high temperatures on whiteflies with different Cardinium density infection patterns,2 isofemale lines isolated from *** MED from the same geo-graphical population of China and from *** MED collected from other countries and locations were examined using several techniques and methods,including fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH),quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qPCR),16S rRNA gene sequencing,and 2b-RAD *** results showed that there were 2 different infection density patterns of Cardinium in *** MED(including 1 high-density pattern and 1 low-density pattern).For whiteflies with low-density Cardinium,conventional PCR could not detect Cardinium,but the other techniques confirmed that there was a low level of Cardinium within *** temperature significantly decreased the diversity of bacterial communities:the relative titer of Cardinium increased but the density of Rickettsia decreased in the isofemale line with high-density ***-ever,high temperature did not influence the diversity and symbiont density in the line with low-density ***,high temperature influenced the functions of bacterial communities in whiteflies with high-density Cardinium but did not affect the bacterial functions in whiteflies with low-density *** results provide novel insights into the complex associations between symbionts and host insects.

关键词： bacterial communities Bemisia tabaci MED Cardinium heat stress infec-tion density pattern

An integrated framework reinstating the environmental dimension for GWAS and genomic selection in crops

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Molecular Plant 2021年第6期14卷 874-887页

作者： Xianran Li Tingting Guo Jinyu Wang Wubishet ABekele Sivakumar Sukumaran Adam EVanous James PMcNellie Laura Tibbs Cortes Marta SLopes Kendall RLamkey Mark EWestgate John KMcKay Sotirios VArchontoulis Matthew PReynolds Nicholas ATinker Patrick SSchnable Jianming Yu department of Agronomy Iowa State UniversityAmesIA 50011USA Ottawa Research and Development Centre Agriculture and Agri-Food CanadaOttawaONCanada International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CIMMYT) Mexico CityMexico department of Bioagricultural Sciences and pest management Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523USA

Identifying mechanisms and pathways involved in gene–environment interplay and phenotypic plasticity is a long-standing *** is highly desirable to establish an integrated framework with an environmental dimension for complex trait dissection and prediction.A critical step is to identify an environmental index that is both biologically relevant and estimable for new *** extensive field-observed complex traits,environmental profiles,and genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms for three major crops(maize,wheat,and oat),we demonstrated that identifying such an environmental index(i.e.,a combination of environmental parameter and growth window)enables genome-wide association studies and genomic selection of complex traits to be conducted with an explicit environmental ***,genes identified for two reaction-norm parameters(i.e.,intercept and slope)derived from flowering time values along the environmental index were less colocalized for a diverse maize panel than for wheat and oat breeding panels,agreeing with the different diversity levels and genetic constitutions of the *** addition,we showcased the usefulness of this framework for systematically forecasting the performance of diverse germplasm panels in new *** general framework and the companion CERIS-JGRA analytical package should facilitate biologically informed dissection of complex traits,enhanced performance prediction in breeding for future climates,and coordinated efforts to enrich our understanding of mechanisms underlying phenotypic variation.

关键词： phenotypic plasticity genotype by environment interaction gene-environment interplay genomewide association studies genomic selection flowering time reaction norm

Topological evolution of coexpression networks by new gene integration maintains the hierarchical and modular structures in human ancestors

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Science China(Life Sciences) 2019年第4期62卷 594-608页

作者： Jian Zu Yuexi Gu Yu Li Chentong Li Wenyu Zhang Yong E.Zhang UnJin Lee Li Zhang Manyuan Long School of Mathematics and Statistics Xi'an Jiaotong University department of Ecology and Evolution The University of Chicago Center for Systems Biology Soochow University State Key Laboratory of Integrated management of pest Insects and Rodents & Key Laboratory of the Zoological Systematics and Evolution Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences

We analyze the global structure and evolution of human gene coexpression networks driven by new gene integration. When the Pearson correlation coefficient is greater than or equal to 0.5, we find that the coexpression network consists of 334 small components and one "giant" connected subnet comprising of 6317 interacting genes. This network shows the properties of power-law degree distribution and small-world. The average clustering coefficient of younger genes is larger than that of the elderly genes(0.6685 vs. 0.5762). Particularly, we find that the younger genes with a larger degree also show a property of hierarchical architecture. The younger genes play an important role in the overall pivotability of the network and this network contains few redundant duplicate genes. Moreover, we find that gene duplication and orphan genes are two dominant evolutionary forces in shaping this network. Both the duplicate genes and orphan genes develop new links through a "rich-gets-richer"mechanism. With the gradual integration of new genes into the ancestral network, most of the topological structure features of the network would gradually increase. However, the exponent of degree distribution and modularity coefficient of the whole network do not change significantly, which implies that the evolution of coexpression networks maintains the hierarchical and modular structures in human ancestors.

关键词： Network biology gene network evolution scale-free network natural selection gene expression self-organization,gene duplication

Quality control of the parasitoid wasp Trichogramma brassicae (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) over 45 generations of rearing on Sitotroga cerealella

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Insect Science 2021年第1期28卷 180-190页

作者： Ehsan Ghaemmaghami Yaghoub Fathipour Abdoolnabi Bagheri Ali Asghar Talebi Gadi V.P.Reddy department of Entomology Faculty of AgricultureTarbiat Modares UniversityTehranIran Plant Protection Research department Hormozgan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education CenterAgricultural Research Education and Extension Organization(AREEO)Bandar AbbasIran USDA-ARS-Southern Insect pest management Research Unit StonevilleMississippiUSA

Trichogramma brassicae(Bezdenko)is an important biological control agent that has been used widely against many lepidopteran ***,colonies of Trichogramma are mass reared on factitious hosts such as Sitotroga cerealella(Olivier)over many *** this study,we evaluated the quality and performance of a colony of *** that had been reared for over 45 generations(G)using two-sex life table parameters and parasitism *** found that female adult longevity was significantly different among sequential generations,ranging from 5.58±2.5 d(at G5)to 3.75±1.42 d(at G45).However,no significant difference was found in male adult longevity among different *** female wasps survived longer until the 15th gener・ation,they allocated more days for egg laying at G5 and *** highest values of gross reproductive rate(GRR),net reproductive rate(7.),intrinsic rate of increase(r),finite rate of increase(λ)and mean generation time(T)were found in G5 and GIO,which also showed significantly higher *** significant difference in the finite parasitism rate(co)was found among generations up to *** results suggest that *** wasps held under continuous laboratory rearing can be used successfully in biological control programs until the 15th generation without any loss of quality or ***,laboratory mass rearing colonies declined in quality after 15 generations and we suggest that they should be rejuvenated regularly by adding field-collected parasitoids periodically.

关键词： biological control generation-dependent demography mass rearing parasitism rate Trichogramma brassicae