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Has the risk of colorectal cancer in inflammatory bowel disease decreased?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第43期19卷 7561-7568页

作者： Nynne Nyboe Andersen Tine Jess department of epidemiology Research Statens Serum InstitutDK-2300 CopenhagenDenmark

The association between inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)and colorectal cancer(CRC)has been acknowledged for almost a century and is assumedly promoted by a chronic inflammation-driven carcinogenic process in the intestine in combination with a genetic *** magnitude of the risk of CRC in IBD remains a continuing subject of *** early,high risk estimates for CRC in IBD were most likely overestimated due to selected patient populations originating from tertiary referral centers with a disproportional high percentage of patients with severe *** population-based studies calculating risk estimates from a broad spectrum of IBD patients have found the risk to be significantly *** present,there is evidence that IBD patients with longstanding and extensive disease with uncontrolled inflammation are those at increased ***,other recognized risk factors include early age at onset,family history of CRC,and concomitant primary sclerosing cholangitis.A significant amount of effort is put into identifying potential preventive factors of CRC in IBD,including surveillance programs and chemopreventive agents but the individual effect of these remains ***,recent studies have reported a decline in risk of CRC over *** programs and the new treatment strategies,particular biological treatment might be part of the reason for the observed decline in risk of CRC in IBD over time but future studies will have investigate this assumption.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Colorectal cancer Risk Ulcerative colitis Crohn’s disease

Pathophysiology, epidemiology, classification and treatment options for polycystic liver diseases

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第35期19卷 5775-5786页

作者： Bassam Abu-Wasel Caolan Walsh Valerie Keough Michele Molinari department of Surgery Dalhousie University department of Radiolgoy Dalhousie University department of Surgery and Community Health and epidemiology Dalhousie University

Polycystic liver diseases(PLD)represent a group of genetic disorders in which cysts occur in the liver(autosomal dominant polycystic liver disease)or in combination with cysts in the kidneys(autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease).Regardless of the genetic mutations,the natural history of these disorders is *** natural history of PLD is characterized by a continuous increase in the volume and the number of *** genders are affected;however,women have a higher *** patients with PLD are asymptomatic and can be managed *** symptoms can affect 20%of patients who develop massive hepatomegaly with compression of the surrounding ***,patients with PLD suffer from acutecomplications caused by the torsion of hepatic cysts,intraluminal cystic hemorrhage and *** most common methods for the diagnosis of PLD are cross sectional imaging *** ultrasound and computerized tomography are the two most frequently used *** resonance imaging is more sensitive and specific,and it is a valuable test for patients with intravenous contrast allergies or renal *** treatment modalities are available to physicians caring for these *** treatment has been *** sclerotherapy,transarterial embolization,cyst fenestration,hepatic resection and liver transplantation are indicated to specific groups of patients and have to be tailored according to the extent of *** review outlines the current knowledge of the pathophysiology,clinical course,diagnosis and treatment strategies of PLD.

关键词： Polycystic liver disease Hepatic Epidemiolgy Classification Therapy Genetic

Review of salt consumption and stomach cancer risk:Epidemiological and biological evidence

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第18期15卷 2204-2213页

作者： Xiao-Qin Wang Paul D Terry Hong Yan department of epidemiology School of Medicine Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710061Shaanxi Province China department of epidemiology Rollins School of Public Health Emory University 1518 Clifton Road NE Atlanta GA 30322 United States

Stomach cancer is still the fourth most common cancer;thus,it remains an important public health burden worldwide,especially in developing *** remarkable geographic variations in the rates of stomach cancer indicate that dietary factors,including a range of food groups to which salt and/or nitrates have been added,may affect stomach cancer *** this paper,we review the results from ecologic,case-control and cohort studies on the relationship between salt or salted foods and stomach cancer *** majority of ecological studies indicated that the average salt intake in each population was closely correlated with gastric cancer *** case-control studies showed similar results,indicating a moderate to high increase in risk for the highest level of salt or salted food *** overall results from cohort studies are not totally consistent,but are suggestive of a moderate direct *** salt intake has been correlated with Helicobacter pylori(H pylori) infection,it is possible that these two factors may synergize to promote the development of stomach ***,salt may also cause stomach cancer through directly damaging gastric mucus,improving temporary epithelial proliferation and the incidence of endogenous mutations,and inducing hypergastrinemia that leads to eventual parietal cell loss and progression to gastric *** on the considerable evidence from ecological,case-control and cohort studies worldwide and the mechanistic plausibility,limitation on salt and salted food consumption is a practical strategy for preventing gastric cancer.

关键词： Disease prevention Helicobacter pylori infection Salt consumption Stomach cancer

Introduction of Zika virus in Bangladesh:An impending public health threat

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2017年第9期10卷 925-928页

作者： A.K.M.Muraduzzaman Sharmin Sultana Tahmina Shirin Selina Khatun MdTarikul Islam Mahmudur Rahman department of Virology Institute of EpidemiologyDisease Control&Research(IEDCR)DhakaBangladesh department of epidemiology Institute of EpidemiologyDisease Control&Research(IEDCR)DhakaBangladesh Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics Institute for Developing Science and Health InitiativesDhakaBangladesh Institute of epidemiology Disease Control&Research(IEDCR)DhakaBangladesh

Objective: To explore the presence of Zika virus(ZIKV) in Bangladesh and to understand the associated risk ***: A retrospective sero-surveillance was performed on stored serum samples of dengue surveillance conducted from 2013 to 2016. Real time RT-PCR was performed on randomly selected acute serum samples to detect the Zika virus nucleic ***: Of 200 samples screened, one was found positive for ZIKV by real time RTPCR and further confirmed by genome sequencing. The case was a 65 years old male from a metropolitan city of Bangladesh who had no history of travel outside *** analysis of partial E gene sequences from Bangladeshi isolates demonstrated a close relationship with ZIKV from Brazil and current South American strains clustering within a monophyletic clade distinct from African ***: Presence of ZIKV raises serious public health concerns in Bangladesh owing to its association with congenital anomalies/neurological-manifestations. We,therefore, recommend every suspected viral fever patient, particularly pregnant women be screened for ZIKV infection to rule out yet another emerging infection in Bangladesh.

关键词： Zika virus Bangladesh Public health impact

Pharmacogenetics in inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第23期12卷 3657-3667页

作者： Marie Pierik Paul Rutgeerts Robert Vlietinck Severine Vermeire department of Gastroenterology University Hospital GasthuisbergLeuvenBelgium department of epidemiology and Human Genetics Katholieke Universiteit LeuvenLeuvenBelgium

Pharmacogenetics is the study of the association between variability in drug response and （or） drug toxicity and polymorphisms in genes. The goal of this field of science is to adapt drugs to a patient＇s specific genetic background and therefore make them more efficacious and safe. In this article we describe the variants in genes that influence either the efficacy or toxicity of common drugs used in the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases （IBD）, ulcerative colitis （UC）, and Crohn＇s disease （CD） including sulfasalazine and mesalazine, azathioprine （AZA） and 6-mercaptopurine （6-MP）, methotrexate （MTX）, glucocorticosteroids （CSs） and infliximab. Furthermore, difficulties with pharmacogenetic studies in general and more specifically in IBD are described. Although pharmacogenetics is a promising field that already contributed to a better understanding of some of the underlying mechanisms of action of drugs used in IBD, the only discovery translated until now into daily practice is the relation between thiopurine S-methyltransferase （TPMT） gene polymorphisms and hematological toxicity of thiopurine treatment. In the future it is necessary to organize studies in well characterized patient cohorts who have been uniformly treated and systematically evaluated in order to quantitate drug response more objectively. An effort should be made to collect genomic DNA from all patients enrolled in clinical drug trials after appropriate informed consent for pharmacogenetic studies.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Pharmaco-genetics Crohn's disease Ulcerative colitis

Change of the cell cycle after flutamide treatment in prostate cancer cells and its molecular mechanism

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2005年第4期7卷 375-380,页

作者： Yong Wang Chen Shao Chang-Hong Shi Lei Zhang Hong-Hong Yue Peng-Fei Wang Bo Yang Yun-Tao Zhang Fan Liu Wei-Jun Qin He Wang Guo-Xing Shao department of Urology Tangdu Hospital department of Urology department of Microbiology department of epidemiology department of Nephrology Xijing Hospital Fourth Military Medical University Xi＇an 710032 Shaanxi China

Aim： To explore the effect of androgen receptor （AR） on the expression of the cell cycle-related genes, such as CDKNIA and BTG1, in prostate cancer cell line LNCaP. Methods： After AR antagonist flutamide treatment and confirmation of its effect by phase contrast microscope and flow cytometry, the differential expression of the cell cycle-related genes was analyzed by a cDNA microarray. The flutamide treated cells were set as the experimental group and the LNCaP cells as the control. We labeled cDNA probes of the experimental group and control group with Cy5 and Cy3 dyes, respectively, through reverse transcription. Then we hybridized the cDNA probes with cDNA microarrays, which contained 8 126 unique human cDNA sequences and the chip was scanned to get the fluorescent values of Cy5 and Cy3 on each spot. After primary analysis, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction （RT- PCR） tests were carried out to confirm the results of the chips. Results：After AR antagonist flutamide treatment, three hundred and twenty-six genes （3.93 %） expressed differentially, 97 down-regulated and 219 up-regulated. Among them, eight up-regulated genes might be cell cycle-related, namely CDCIO, NRAS, BTG1, Wee1, CLK3, DKFZP564A122, CDKNIA and BTG2. The CDKNIA and BTG1 gene mRNA expression was confirmed to be higher in the experimental group by RT-PCR, while p53 mRNA expression had no significant changes. Conclusion： Flutamide treatment might up-regulate CDKN1A and BTG1 expression in prostate cancer cells. The protein expressions of CDKN1A and BTG1 play an important role in inhibiting the proliferation of cancer cells. CDKN1A has a great impact on the cell cycle of prostate cancer cells and may play a role in the cancer cells in a p53-independent pathway. The prostate cancer cells might affect the cell cycle-related genes by activating AR and thus break the cell cycle control.

关键词： prostate cancer LNCaP p21 androgen receptor CDKN1A BTG1 cell cycle genes flutamide

Optimized Reimbursement Scheme of China's New Cooperative Medical System Using Monte Carlo Simulation

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2013年第11期26卷 937-943页

作者： MENG Xue Hui HUANG Yi Xiang RAO Dong Ping LIU Qing department of Health Service Management Public Health School Sun Yat-Sen University department of Health Service Management Humanities and Management School Wenzhou Medical University department of epidemiology Baoan Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Shenzhen department of epidemiology Cancer Center of Sun Yat-Sen University

China＇s Rural Cooperative Medical System collapsed alongside communal farming at the end of the Maoist period in 1976, leaving most farmers vulnerable[1]. In rural areas, where 80% of people have been without health insurance of any kind, illness has emerged as a leading cause of poverty[24]. To address the poor state of health care among the rural population, in 2003 the Chinese government launched the New Rural Cooperative Medical System （NCMS）,

关键词： Optimized Reimbursement Scheme of China’s New Cooperative Medical System Using Monte Carlo Simulation

DNA image cytometry test for primary screening of esophageal cancer: a population-based multi-center study in high-risk areas in China

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Chinese Journal of Cancer Research 2016年第4期28卷 404-412页

作者： Meng Wang Changqing Hao Qing Ma Guohui Song Shanrui Ma Deli Zhao Lin Zhao Xinqing Li Wenqiang Wei department of Cancer epidemiology National Cancer Center/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College department of Endoscopy Linzhou Cancer Hospital department of epidemiology Cixian Cancer Hospital department of Cancer Center Feicheng People Hospital Medical Record Room Xuanwu Hosital

Objective： To evaluate the feasibility of DNA image cytometry （DNA-ICM） as a primary screening method for esophageal squamous cell cancer （ESCC）. Methods： A total of 5,382 local residents aged 40-69 years from three high-risk areas in China （Linzhou in Henan province, Feicheng in Shandong province and Cixian in Hebei province） from 2008 to 2011 were recruited in this population-based screening study. And 2,526 subjects declined to receive endoscopic biopsy examination with Lugol＇s iodine staining, while 9 and 815 subjects were excluded from liquid-based cytology and DNA-ICM test respectively due to slide quality. Finally, 2,856, 5,373 and 4,567 subjects were enrolled in the analysis for endoscopic biopsy examination, liquid-based cytology and DNA-ICM test, respectively. Sensitivity （SE）, specificity （SP）, negative predictive values （NPV） and positive predictive values （PPV） as well as their 95% confidence intervals （95% CI） for DNA-ICM, liquid-based cytology and the combination of the two methods were calculated. Receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curves were applied to determine the cutoff point of DNA-ICM for esophageal cancer. Results： DNA-ICM results were significantly correlative with esophageal cancer and precancer lesions （X2= 18.016, P〈0.001）. The cutoff points were 5,802, 5,803 and 8,002 based on dissimilar pathological types of low grade intraepithelial neoplasia （LGIN）, high grade intraepithelial neoplasia （HGIN）, and ESCC, respectively, and 5,803 was chosen in this study considering the SE and SP. The SE, SP, PPV, NPV of DNA-ICM test （cutoff point 5,803） combined with liquid-based cytology [threshold atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance （ASCUS）] were separately 72.1% （95% CI： 70.3%-73.9%）, 43.3% （95% CI. 41.3%-45.3%）, 22.8% （95% CI： 21.1%-24.5%） and 87.0% （95% CI： 85.7%-88.3%） for LGIN, 85.7% （95% CI： 84.3%-87.1%）, 41.3% （95% CI： 39.3%-43.3%）, 4.6% （95% CI： 3.8%-5.4%） and 98.9% （95% CI： 98.5%-99.3%） for HGIN, and 96.0% （95% CI： 95.2%

关键词： DNA image cytometry esophageal cancer cutoff point

Genome-wide Association Studies of Common Obesity: Now and Future

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2013年第10期26卷 787-791页

作者： XI Bo MI Jie department of Maternal and Child Health Care School of Public HealthShandong University department of epidemiology Capital Institute of Pediatrics

Obesity has become a major public health concern worldwide. Obesity is a complex disease influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Epidemiological studies have indicated that environmental factors, such as excessive energy intake and lack of physical activity, might contribute to the development of obesity. Genetic factors also play an important role in the pathogenesis of obesity Indeed, approximately 40%-70% of the variation in body mass index （BMI） can be attributed to genetic factors.

关键词： FTO gene Now and Future Genome-wide Association Studies of Common Obesity