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Research advancements in nanoparticles and cell-based drug delivery systems for the targeted killing of cancer cells

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Oncology Research 2025年第1期33卷 27-44页

作者： MERYEM A.ABDESSALEM SIRIN A.ADHAM department of biology College of ScienceSultan Qaboos UniversityMuscat123Oman

Nanotechnology in cancer therapy has significantly advanced treatment precision,effectiveness,and safety,improving patient outcomes and personalized *** smart nanoparticles and cell-based therapies are designed to target tumor cells,precisely sensing the tumor microenvironment(TME)and sparing normal *** nanoparticles enhance drug accumulation in tumors by solubilizing insoluble compounds or preventing their degradation,and they can also overcome therapy resistance and deliver multiple drugs *** these benefits,challenges remain in patient-specific responses and regulatory approvals for cell-based or nanoparticle ***-based drug delivery systems(DDSs)that primarily utilize the immune-recognition principle between ligands and receptors have shown promise in selectively targeting and destroying cancer *** review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of various nanoparticle and cell-based drug delivery system types used in cancer *** covers approved and experimental nanoparticle therapies,including liposomes,micelles,protein-based and polymeric nanoparticles,as well as cell-based DDSs like macrophages,T-lymphocytes,dendritic cells,viruses,bacterial ghosts,minicells,SimCells,and outer membrane vesicles(OMVs).The review also explains the role of TME and its impact on developing smart DDSs in combination therapies and integrating nanoparticles with cell-based systems for targeting cancer *** detailing DDSs at different stages of development,from laboratory research to clinical trials and approved treatments,this review provides the latest insights and a collection of valuable citations of the innovative strategies that can be improved for the precise treatment of cancer.

关键词： Drug delivery Cancer Nanoparticles Liposomes Micelles Combination therapies Targeted therapy Precision medicine Tumor microenvironment(TME)

miR-2940-1 is involved in the circadian regulation of oviposition in Aedes albopictus

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Insect Science 2025年第1期32卷 69-79页

作者： Xiaolin Xiao Ling Kong Zhensheng Xie Hongkai Liu Lijun Cai Siyu Zhao Jiayong Zhou Shuang Liu Jing Wu Yiming Wu Peilin Wu Anthony A.James Xiao-Guang Chen department of Pathogen biology Institute of Tropical MedicineSchool of Public HealthSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina department of Microbiology&Molecular Genetics University of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA department of Molecular biology&Biochemistry University of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA

The vast majority of all global species have circadian rhythm cycles that allow them to adapt to natural *** regular rhythms are regulated by core clock genes and recent studies have also implicated roles for microRNAs in this *** is an important circadian behavior in the reproductive cycle of insect vectors of diseases,and little is known about the rhythm or its regulation in *** albopictus is a diurnal mosquito that transmits arboviruses and is the major cause of outbreaks of dengue fever in *** analyzed the oviposition rhythm patterns of *** under different light/dark conditions and show that the mosquitoes have an oviposition peak between zeitgeber time 9(ZT 9)and ZT ***,the antagomir-mediated knockdown of expression of the microRNA miR-2940-1 affected the oviposition rhythm of *** data support the conclusion that miR-2940-1 is involved in the regulation of oviposition rhythm in *** and provide a foundation for using oviposition rhythms as a new target for vector mosquito control.

关键词： Aedes albopictus miR-2940-l oviposition rhythm regulation

Microglia:a promising therapeutic target in spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 454-463页

作者： Xiaowei Zha Guoli Zheng Thomas Skutella Karl Kiening Andreas Unterberg Alexander Younsi department of Neurosurgery Heidelberg University HospitalHeidelbergGermany department of Neuroanatomy Institute for Anatomy and Cell BiologyHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany

Microglia are present throughout the central nervous system and are vital in neural repair,nutrition,phagocytosis,immunological regulation,and maintaining neuronal *** a healthy spinal cord,microglia are accountable for immune surveillance,however,when a spinal cord injury occurs,the microenvironment drastically changes,leading to glial scars and failed axonal *** this context,microglia vary their gene and protein expression during activation,and proliferation in reaction to the injury,influencing injury responses both favorably and unfavorably.A dynamic and multifaceted injury response is mediated by microglia,which interact directly with neurons,astrocytes,oligodendrocytes,and neural stem/progenitor *** a clear understanding of their essential nature and origin,the mechanisms of action and new functions of microglia in spinal cord injury require extensive *** review summarizes current studies on microglial genesis,physiological function,and pathological state,highlights their crucial roles in spinal cord injury,and proposes microglia as a therapeutic target.

关键词： astrocytes cytokines functional recovery immune regulation M1/M2 activation macrophages microglia neuroinflammation spinal cord injury therapy

Neurogenesis dynamics in the olfactory bulb:deciphering circuitry organization, function, and adaptive plasticity

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1565-1581页

作者： Moawiah M.Naffaa department of Psychology and Neuroscience Duke UniversityDurhamNCUSA department of Cell biology Duke University School of MedicineDurhamNCUSA

Adult neurogenesis persists after birth in the subventricular zone, with new neurons migrating to the granule cell layer and glomerular layers of the olfactory bulb, where they integrate into existing circuitry as inhibitory interneurons. The generation of these new neurons in the olfactory bulb supports both structural and functional plasticity, aiding in circuit remodeling triggered by memory and learning processes. However, the presence of these neurons, coupled with the cellular diversity within the olfactory bulb, presents an ongoing challenge in understanding its network organization and function. Moreover,the continuous integration of new neurons in the olfactory bulb plays a pivotal role in regulating olfactory information processing. This adaptive process responds to changes in epithelial composition and contributes to the formation of olfactory memories by modulating cellular connectivity within the olfactory bulb and interacting intricately with higher-order brain regions. The role of adult neurogenesis in olfactory bulb functions remains a topic of debate. Nevertheless, the functionality of the olfactory bulb is intricately linked to the organization of granule cells around mitral and tufted cells. This organizational pattern significantly impacts output, network behavior, and synaptic plasticity, which are crucial for olfactory perception and memory. Additionally, this organization is further shaped by axon terminals originating from cortical and subcortical regions. Despite the crucial role of olfactory bulb in brain functions and behaviors related to olfaction, these complex and highly interconnected processes have not been comprehensively studied as a whole. Therefore, this manuscript aims to discuss our current understanding and explore how neural plasticity and olfactory neurogenesis contribute to enhancing the adaptability of the olfactory system. These mechanisms are thought to support olfactory learning and memory, potentially through increased

关键词： network adaptability neurogenesis neuronal communication olfactory bulb olfactory learning olfactory memory synaptic plasticity

Dieback of spruce plantations: Deadwood stands and management heterogeneity enhance beetle diversity and habitat connectivity

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Forest Ecosystems 2025年第01期 121-135页

作者： Eva Plath Kim Ehringhausen Laura Griebel Leon Martiny Michel Schmitz Katharina Schreek Christoph Thiem Klaus Fischer Institute of Integrated Natural Sciences Department Biology University of Koblenz

Forest ecosystems are important for biodiversity conservation and human societies, but are under pressure due to climate change and human interventions. This applies to natural forests as well as tree plantations. The latter are globally widespread and therefore gaining increasing importance for biodiversity conservation. However, even after dieback due to increasing disturbance frequencies, such plantations are primarily managed for economic returns, leading to growing conflicts among stakeholders. In particular, the impact of forest management on biodiversity is being discussed. This study investigates the effects of five management approaches in a landscape severely affected by spruce(Picea abies L.) dieback on beetle diversity, conservation, and community *** considered direct effects of management and indirect effects of environmental parameters separately in ground-dwelling and flight-active beetles. Beetle diversity was strongly affected by forest management, with nonintervention deadwood stands being most beneficial for beetles. In addition, we show indirect effects of environmental factors. In general, parameters related to salvage logging(e.g. open canopies, tree stumps) influenced beetle diversity and conservation negatively, while positive effects were found for soil nutrient availability and plant species richness. Community composition differed strongly among management categories and indicated a lack of landscape connectivity for open habitat species, as we found only low proportions of such species even on salvage-logged sites. We propose a mixture of management approaches after bark beetle outbreaks, including a substantial proportion of non-intervention deadwood stands, to increase landscape heterogeneity and connectivity. This may increase overall biodiversity while addressing the concerns of both forestry and species conservation.

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Biomolecular condensates modulate membrane remodeling

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Molecular Plant 2025年第1期18卷 17-18页

作者： Emma K.Meese Lucia C.Strader department of biology Duke UniversityDurhamNCUSA

Cellular function relies on numerous diverse processes,all happening *** means by which cells manage these processes is through the use of biomolecular *** membrane-less compartments,often created through phase separation,influence cellular mechanisms ranging from reaction kinetics to biomolecule sequestration(Banani et al.,2017).In plants,biomolecular condensates play roles in desiccation tolerance(Belott et al.,2020),transcriptional control(Powers et al.,2019;Bondos et al.,2021),and a myriad of other diverse processes(Emenecker et al.,2021).Recently,condensates have been discovered to have the ability to exert forces through interactions with cellular *** example,capillary interaction between condensates and other cellular components can generate force;however,more study is necessary to elucidate these mechanisms and interactions(Kusumaatmaja et al.,2021;Gouveia et al.,2022).A recent work by Wang et al.(2024)has revealed new insights into how biomolecular condensates may exert forces on membranes through bending and ***,they provide in silico methods and a model to investigate the forces at play during membrane wetting.

关键词： forces kinetics bending

Genistein:a possible solution for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第10期20卷 2903-2905页

作者： Karolina Pierzynowska Bartosz Karaszewski Grzegorz Węgrzyn department of Molecular biology University of GdanskGdanskPoland Gdansk Polandand Department of Adult NeurologyFaculty of MedicineMedical University of GdanskGdanskPoland

Neurodegenerative diseases are defined as disorders resulting from the slow and progressive loss of function and eventual death of neural cells that result from the primary pathology of nervous *** can lead to severe nervous system dysfunction,eventually affecting multiple organs and *** hundred neurodegenerative diseases have been described,and owing to their prevalence,severity.

关键词： organs Alzheimer death

Pyrroloquinoline quinone:a potential neuroprotective compound for neurodegenerative diseases targeting metabolism

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 41-53页

作者： Alessio Canovai Pete A.Williams department of biology University of PisaPisaItaly department of Clinical Neuroscience Division of Eye and VisionSt.Erik Eye HospitalKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden

Pyrroloquinoline quinone is a quinone described as a cofactor for many bacterial dehydrogenases and is reported to exert an effect on metabolism in mammalian cells/*** quinone is present in the diet being available in foodstuffs,conferring the potential of this compound to be supplemented by dietary *** quinone’s nutritional role in mammalian health is supported by the extensive deficits in reproduction,growth,and immunity resulting from the dietary absence of pyrroloquinoline quinone,and as such,pyrroloquinoline quinone has been considered as a“new vitamin.”Although the classification of pyrroloquinoline quinone as a vitamin needs to be properly established,the wide range of benefits for health provided has been reported in many *** this respect,pyrroloquinoline quinone seems to be particularly involved in regulating cell signaling pathways that promote metabolic and mitochondrial processes in many experimental contexts,thus dictating the rationale to consider pyrroloquinoline quinone as a vital compound for mammalian *** the regulation of different metabolic mechanisms,pyrroloquinoline quinone may improve clinical deficits where dysfunctional metabolism and mitochondrial activity contribute to induce cell damage and *** quinone has been demonstrated to have neuroprotective properties in different experimental models of neurodegeneration,although the link between pyrroloquinoline quinone-promoted metabolism and improved neuronal viability in some of such contexts is still to be fully ***,we review the general properties of pyrroloquinoline quinone and its capacity to modulate metabolic and mitochondrial mechanisms in physiological *** addition,we analyze the neuroprotective properties of pyrroloquinoline quinone in different neurodegenerative conditions and consider future perspectives for pyrroloquinoline quinone’s potential in health and disease.

关键词： metabolism mitochondria neurodegenerative disease neuroprotection pyrroloquinoline quinone retinal diseases

Cryopreservation of bovine sperm causes single‑strand DNA breaks that are localized in the toroidal regions of chromatin

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2025年第1期16卷 92-106页

作者： Jordi Ribas‑Maynou Rodrigo Muiño Carolina Tamargo Marc Yeste Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction(TechnoSperm) Institute of Food and Agricultural TechnologyUniversity of GironaS17003 GironaSpain Unit of Cell biology Department of BiologyFaculty of SciencesUniversity of GironaS17003 GironaSpain Present Address:Unit of Cell biology and Medical Genetics Department of Cell BiologyPhysiology and ImmunologyAutonomous University of BarcelonaS08193 BellaterraSpain department of Animal Pathology Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Santiago de CompostelaS15705 LugoSpain department of Animal Selection and Reproduction The Regional Agri-Food Research and Development Service of Asturias(SERIDA)S33394 GijónSpain Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies(ICREA) S08010 BarcelonaSpain

Background Sperm cryopreservation is widely used in the cattle industry,as it allows for disassociating the localiza-tion of sires and the collection of semen from the timing of artificial *** freeze-thawing is known to impair sperm DNA integrity,whether the damage induced consists of single-(SSB)or double-strand breaks(DSB)has not been *** addition,no previous study has addressed if DNA breaks preferentially reside in specific genome regions such as those forming the toroid linker regions,or are rather spread throughout the regions linked to *** main aim of the present work,therefore,was to elucidate the type and localization of the DNA damage generated by cryopreservation and to evaluate its impact on artificial insemination outcomes in *** The incidence of SSB and DSB was evaluated in 12 ejaculates before and after cryopreservation with the Comet assay,and the localization of the DNA breaks was assessed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis(PFGE).Before cryopreservation,the incidence of SSB was 10.99%±4.62%and involved 20.56%±3.04%of sperm cells,whereas these figures significantly(P0.990)before and after cryopreservation(before:incidence of 13.91%±1.75%of sperm DNA affecting 56.04%±12.49%of sperm cells;after:incidence of 13.55%±1.55%of sperm DNA involving 53.36%±11.00%of sperm cells).Moreover,PFGE revealed that the percentage of sperm DNA fragments whose length was shorter than a toroid(<31.5 kb)was greater(P<0.0001)after(27.00%±4.26%)than before freeze-thawing(15.57%±4.53%).These differences indicated that the DNA breaks induced by cryopreservation affect the regions condensed in protamines,which are structured in *** the other hand,in vivo fertility rates were associated to the incidence of SSB and DSB in frozen-thawed sperm(P=0.032 and P=0.005),but not w

关键词： Cattle DNA damage Fertility Sperm Toroid linker regions