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A test of the species confidence hypothesis in dusky damselfish

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Current zoology 2024年第1期70卷 79-86页

作者： Elle Overs Sydney Stump Isabel Severino Daniel T.Blumstein department of Ecology and evolutionary biology University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095-1606USA

Visual cues are important in both interspecific and intraspecific communication.The species confidence hypothesis proposes that animals are more attracted to conspecific colors and repelled by colors,not on their bodies.Studies on terrestrial lizards and birds have tested the species confidence hypothesis and shown that conspecific colors elicit reduced antipredator behavior.To date,the species confidence hypothesis has not been tested in the marine environment,specifically on coral reefs where color communication is of vital importance.We addressed this knowledge gap by measuring flight initiation distance(the distance an individual moves away from an approaching threat)in dusky damselfish(Stegastes nigricans)in response to an approaching disc of 1 of 4 different color treatments:conspecific,blue,yellow,and black.If the species confidence hypothesis explained variation in damselfish flight initiation distance,then we expected individuals to tolerate closer approaches when approached by a conspecific color.In addition,we calculated the color difference between each stimulus and its corresponding back-ground as a potential alternative explanation for flight responses.Damselfish tolerated the closest approach from the conspecific color stimulus;there were no significant differences between other colors and there was no support for the alternative color difference hypothesis.As with similar terrestrial studies,these results are relevant to ecotourists'choice of swimsuit and wetsuit colors because color choice may modify naturalantipredatorbehavior.

关键词： antipredator behavior flight initiation distance risk assessment species confidence hypothesis Stegastes nigricans

Physiological phenotypes differ among color morphs in introduced common wall lizards(Podarcis muralis)

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Integrative zoology 2024年第3期19卷 505-523页

作者： Ali AMER Sierra SPEARS Princeton L.VAUGHN Cece COLWELL Ethan H.LIVINGSTON Wyatt MCQUEEN Anna SCHILL Dustin G.REICHARD Eric J.GANGLOFF Kinsey M.BROCK department of Biological Sciences Ohio Wesleyan UniversityDelawareOhioUSA department of Ecology and evolutionary biology Princeton UniversityPrincetonNew JerseyUSA department of biology Idaho State UniversityPocatelloIdahoUSA department of Environmental Science Policyand ManagementCollege of Natural ResourcesUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyUSA Museum of Vertebrate zoology University of CaliforniaBerkeleyUSA

Many species exhibit color polymorphisms which have distinct physiological and behavioral characteristics.However,the consistency of morph trait covariation patterns across species,time,and ecological contexts remains unclear.This trait covariation is especially relevant in the context of invasion biology and urban adaptation.Specifically,physiological traits pertaining to energy maintenance are crucial to fitness,given their immediate ties to individual reproduction,growth,and population establishment.We investigated the physiological traits of Podarcis muralis,a versatile color polymorphic species that thrives in urban environments(including invasive populations in Ohio,USA).We measured five physiological traits(plasma corticosterone and triglycerides,hematocrit,body condition,and field body temperature),which compose an integrated multivariate phenotype.We then tested variation among co-occurring color morphs in the context of establishment in an urban environment.We found that the traits describing physiological status and strategy shifted across the active season in a morph-dependent manner—the white and yellow morphs exhibited clearly different multivariate physiological phenotypes,characterized primarily by differences in plasma corticosterone.This suggests that morphs have different strategies in physiological regulation,the flexibility of which is crucial to urban adaptation.The white-yellow morph exhibited an intermediate phenotype,suggesting an intermediary energy maintenance strategy.Orange morphs also exhibited distinct phenotypes,but the low prevalence of this morph in our study populations precludes clear interpretation.Our work provides insight into how differences among stable polymorphisms exist across axes of the phenotype and how this variation may aid in establishment within novel environments.

关键词： color polymorphism physiological status seasonal variation thermoregulation urban habitat

Role of climatic variability in shaping intraspecific variation of thermal tolerance in Mediterranean water beetles

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Insect Science 2024年第1期31卷 285-298页

作者： Susana Pallarés David Garoffolo Belén Rodríguez David Sánchez-Fernández department of zoology University of SevilleSevilleSpain Faculty of biology Department of Ecology and HydrologyUniversity of MurciaCampus EspinardoMurciaSpain

The climatic variability hypothesis(CVH)predicts that organisms in more thermally variable environments have wider thermal breadths and higher thermal plasticity than those from more stable environments.However,due to evolutionary trade-offs,taxa with greater absolute thermal limits may have little plasticity of such limits(trade-off hypothesis).The CVH assumes that climatic variability is the ultimate driver of thermal tolerance variation across latitudinal and altitudinal gradients,but average temperature also varies along such gradients.We explored intraspecific variation of thermal tolerance in three typical Mediterranean saline water beetles(families Hydrophilidae and Dytiscidae).For each species,we compared two populations where the species coexist,with similar annual mean temperature but contrasting thermal variability(continental vs.coastal population).We estimated thermal limits of adults from each population,previously acclimated at 17,20,or 25℃.We found species-specific patterns but overall,our results agree with the CVH regarding thermal ranges,which were wider in the continental(more variable)population.In the two hydrophilid species,this came at the cost of losing plasticity of the upper thermal limit in this population,supporting the trade-off hypothesis,but not in the dytiscid one.Our results support the role of local adaptation to thermal variability and trade-offs between basal tolerance and physiological plasticity in shaping thermal tolerance in aquatic ectotherms,but also suggest that intraspecific variation of thermal tolerance does not fit a general pattern among aquatic insects.Overlooking such intraspecific variation could lead to inaccurate predictions of the vulnerability of aquatic insects to global warming.

关键词： acclimation capacity aquatic insects climate change heat coma temperature supercooling point thermal plasticity

Metabolomic evidence of independent biotransformation pathways for terpenes in two specialist mammalian herbivores (genus Neotoma)

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Integrative zoology 2024年第1期19卷 143-155页

作者： Katharina SCHRAMM Michele SKOPEC Denise DEARING department of biology University of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA department of zoology Weber State UniversityOgdenUtahUSA

Herbivory is common in mammals,yet our understanding of detoxification processes used by mammals to biotrans-form plant secondary compounds(PSCs)is limited.Specialist herbivores are thought to have evolved detoxifica-tion mechanisms that rely more heavily on energetically cheap Phase I biotransformation reactions to process high levels of PSCs in their diets.We explored this hypothesis by comparing the urinary metabolite patterns of two spe-cialist herbivores(genus Neotoma).Neotoma stephensi is an obligate specialist on one-seeded juniper(Juniperus monosperma).Neotoma lepida is a generalist forager across its range,yet populations in the Great Basin specialize on Utah juniper(J.osteosperma).While both juniper species have high levels of terpenes,the terpene profiles and quantities differ between the two.Individuals from both woodrat species were fed diets of each juniper in a cross-over design.Urine,collected over a 24-h period,was extracted and analyzed in an untargeted metabolomics approach using both GC-MS and HPLC-MS/MS.The obligate specialist N.stephensi excreted a unique pattern of Phase I metabolites when fed its native juniper,while N.lepida excreted a unique pattern of Phase II metabolites when fed its native juniper.Both woodrat species utilized the Phase II metabolic pathway of glucuronidation more heavily when consuming the more chemically diverse J.osteosperma,and N.stephensi utilized less glucuronida-tion than N.lepida when consuming J.monosperma.These results are consistent with the hypothesis that obligate specialists may have evolved unique and efficient biotransformation mechanisms for dealing with PSCs in their diet.

关键词： dietary specialization herbivory juniper metabolomics Neotoma

Global warming scenarios for the Eastern Adriatic Sea indicate a higher risk of invasiveness of non-native marine organisms relative to current climate conditions

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Marine Life Science & Technology 2024年第1期6卷 143-154页

作者： Branko Glamuzina Lorenzo Vilizzi Marina Piria Ante Zuljevic Ana Bratos Cetinic Ana Pesic Branko Dragicevic Lovrenc Lipej Marijana Pecarevic Vlasta Bartulovic Sanja Grđan Ivan Cvitkovic Tatjana Dobroslavic Ana Fortic Luka Glamuzina Borut Mavric Jovana Tomanic Marija Despalatovic Domen Trkov Marina Brailo Scepanovic Zoran Vidovic Predrag Simonovic Sanja Matic-Skoko Pero Tutman department of Applied Ecology University of DubrovnikDubrovnikCroatia department of Ecology and Vertebrate zoology Faculty of Biology and Environmental ProtectionUniversity of LodzLodzPoland Faculty of Agriculture Department of FisheriesApicultureWildlife Management and Special ZoologyUniversity of ZagrebZagrebCroatia Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries SplitCroatia Institute of Marine biology University of MontenegroKotorMontenegro National Institute of biology Marine Biology Station PiranPiranSlovenia Teacher Education Faculty University of BelgradeBelgradeSerbia Faculty of biology University of BelgradeBelgradeSerbia

Globally,marine bioinvasions threaten marine ecosystem structure and function,with the Mediterranean Sea being one of the most affected regions.Such invasions are expected to increase due to climate change.We conducted a risk screening of marine organisms(37 fishes,38 invertebrates,and 9 plants),both extant and‘horizon’(i.e.,not present in the area but likely to enter it).Based on expert knowledge for the Eastern Adriatic Sea coasts of Slovenia,Croatia,and Montenegro,screenings were conducted under both current and predicted climate conditions indicating with an increase in sea surface temperature and salinity of the Adriatic Sea together with changes in precipitation regime.Our aims were to:(1)identify non-native extant and horizon marine species that may pose threats to native biodiversity and(2)evaluate the risk of invasiveness of the selected species under current and predicted climate conditions.Of the 84 species screened,there was an increase in those ranked as‘high risk’from 33(39.3%)under current climate conditions and to 47(56.0%)under global warming scenarios.For those ranked as‘very high’risk,the increase was from 6(7.1%)to 21(25.0%).Amongst the screened species,the already established high-risk species Pacific oyster Magallana gigas and Atlantic blue crab Callinectes sapidus represent a threat to ecosystem services.Given the under-representation of marine species in the current European Union List,the species we have ranked as high to very high risk should be included.

关键词： AS-ISK Early detection Introduction vectors/pathways Invasive species Rapid response

Antifertility effects of quinestrol in male lesser bandicoot rat, Bandicota bengalensis, and potential in managing rodent population under field conditions

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Integrative zoology 2024年第1期19卷 108-126页

作者： Ajooni SIDHU Neena SINGLA department of zoology Punjab Agricultural UniversityLudhianaPunjabIndia

Integrating fertility control techniques using steroid hormones after lethal control can help reduce post control rebuildup of rodent populations.The current study is thefirst to assess the antifertility effects of quinestrol in male lesser bandicoot rat,Bandicota bengalensis which is the predominant rodent pest species in Southeast Asia.Rats in different groups were fed bait containing 0.00%,0.01%,0.02%,and 0.03%quinestrol for 10 days in laboratory and evaluated immediately,and 15,30,and 60 days after treatment discontinuation for effect on reproduction and other antifertility parameters.Effect of 0.03%quinestrol treatment for 15 days was also observed in managing rodent populations in groundnut cropfields.Treatment resulted in average consumption of 19.53±1.80,67.63±5.50,and 246.67±1.78 mg/kg bwt active ingredient by three treated groups of rats,respectively.No reproduction was observed in female rats mated with male rats treated with 0.03%quinestrol,even 30 days after cessation of treatment.Post-mortem examination showed a significant(P<0.0001)effect of treatment on organ weights(testis,cauda epididymis,seminal vesicles,and prostate gland)and different sperm parameters(sperm motility,sperm viability,sperm count,and sperm abnormality)in the cauda epididymalfluid with partial reversibility after 60 days.A significant(P<0.0001)effect of quinestrol on the histomorphology of testis and cauda epididymis was observed,suggesting its effect on spermatogenesis.Affected cell association and cell count in seminiferous tubules did not fully recover within 60 days of stopping treatment.Evaluation of the effects of quinestrol treatment in groundnutfields showed greater reductions in rodent activity infields treated with 2%zinc phosphide followed by 0.03%quinestrol treatment as compared tofields treated with 2%zinc phosphide alone.Research concludes that quinestrol has the potential to reduce fecundity and post control rebuildup of B.bengalensis populations,but long-term studies of the effectiveness of quinestrol under large-

关键词： antifertility Bandicota bengalensis field evaluation quinestrol reversibility

Integrated zoology calls for papers:special issue on wildlife diseases and parasitology

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Integrative zoology 2024年第3期19卷 424-425页

作者： Nubia E.MATTA Wenhua XIONG department of biology Universidad Nacional de ColombiaBogotaColombia International Society of Zoological Sciences BeijingChina Institute of zoology Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina

The VI International Conference on Malaria and Other Blood Parasites of Wildlife and the III International Symposium of the Wildlife Diseases Research Network are scheduled to be held in Medellín,Colombia,from November 26 to 30 of 2024(https://shorturl.at/lLW79).It will be hosted by the University of Antioquia’s department of biology and the Universidad Nacional de Colombia department of biology.

关键词： Blood Malaria diseases

Methionine sources and genotype affect embryonic intestinal development, antioxidants, tight junctions, and growth-related gene expression in chickens

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 218-230页

作者： James K.Lugata Sawadi F.Ndunguru Gebrehaweria K.Reda Xénia E.Ozsváth Eszter Angyal Levente Czeglédi Gabriella Gulyás Renáta Knop János Oláh Zoltán Mészár Rita Varga Brigitta Csernus Csaba Szabó department of Animal Nutrition and Physiology Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences and Environmental Management University of Debrecen Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences and Environmental Management Doctoral School of Animal Science University of Debrecen department of Animal Husbandry Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences and Environmental Management University of Debrecen department of evolutionary zoology and Human biology Faculty of Science and Technology University of Debrecen Institutes for Agricultural Research and Educational Farm University of Debrecen department of Anatomy Histology and Embryology Faculty of Medicine University of Debrecen

Methionine(Met) is an essential and first limiting amino acid in the poultry diet that plays a significant role in chicken embryonic development and growth. The present study examined the effect of in ovo injection of DL-Met and L-Met sources and genotypes on chicken embryonic-intestinal development and health. Fertilized eggs of the two genotypes, TETRA-SL layer hybrid(TSL)—commercial layer hybrid and Hungarian Partridge colored hen breed(HPC)—a native genotype, were randomly distributed into four treatments for each genotype. The treatment groups include the following: 1) control non-injected eggs(NoIn); 2) saline-injected(SaIn); 3) DL-Met injected(DLM); and 4) L-Met injected(LM). The in ovo injection was carried out on 17.5 d of embryonic development; after hatching, eight chicks per group were sacrificed, and the jejunum was extracted for analysis. The results showed that both DLM and LM groups had enhanced intestinal development as evidenced by increased villus width, villus height, and villus area(P < 0.05) compared to the control. The DLM group had significantly reduced crypt depth, glutathione(GSH) content, glutathione S-transferase 3 alpha(GST3), occludin(OCLN) gene expression and increased villus height to crypt depth ratio in the TSL genotype than the LM group(P < 0.05). The HPC genotype has overexpressed insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF1) gene, tricellulin(MD2), occludin(OCLN),superoxide dismutase 1(SOD1), and GST3 genes than the TSL genotype(P < 0.05). In conclusion, these findings showed that in ovo injection of Met enhanced intestinal development, and function, with genotypes responding differently under normal conditions. Genotypes also influenced the expression of intestinal antioxidants, tight junction, and growth-related genes.

关键词： DL-Methionine L-Methionine In ovo injection Intestinal development Poultry

Molecular mechanism of nanomaterials induced liver injury:A review

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第4期16卷 566-600页

作者： Sanjib Kumar Das Koushik Sen Biswatosh Ghosh Nabanita Ghosh Krishnendu Sinha Parames C Sil department of zoology Jhargram Raj CollegeJhargram 721507India department of zoology Bidhannagar CollegeKolkata 700064India department of zoology Maulana Azad CollegeKolkata 700013India department of Molecular Medicine Bose InstituteCalcutta 700054India

The unique physicochemical properties inherent to nanoscale materials have unveiled numerous potential applications,spanning beyond the pharmaceutical and medical sectors into various consumer industries like food and cosmetics.Consequently,humans encounter nanomaterials through diverse exposure routes,giving rise to potential health considerations.Noteworthy among these materials are silica and specific metallic nanoparticles,extensively utilized in consumer products,which have garnered substantial attention due to their propensity to accumulate and induce adverse effects in the liver.This review paper aims to provide an exhaustive examination of the molecular mechanisms underpinning nanomaterial-induced hepatotoxicity,drawing insights from both in vitro and in vivo studies.Primarily,the most frequently observed manifestations of toxicity following the exposure of cells or animal models to various nanomaterials involve the initiation of oxidative stress and inflammation.Additionally,we delve into the existing in vitro models employed for evaluating the hepatotoxic effects of nanomaterials,emphasizing the persistent endeavors to advance and bolster the reliability of these models for nanotoxicology research.

关键词： Nanoparticles Hepatotoxicity Oxidative stress Inflammation Autophagy