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Plasma Science and Technology 2014年第4期16卷 324-328页

作者： A.SAEED A.W.KHAN M.SHAFIQ F.JAN M.ABRAR M.ZAKA-UL-ISLAM M.ZAKAULLAH department of Physics Gomal University department of Physics Quaid-i-Azam University department of Physics Hazara University Mansehra Plasmant department of Chemistry Univesity of Antwerp campus DriEkin

Optical emission spectroscopy is used to investigate the nitrogen-hydrogen with trace rare gas （4% Ar） plasma generated by 50 Hz pulsed DC discharges. The filling pressure varies from 1 mbar to 5 mbar and the current density ranges from 1 mA-cm-2 to 4 ***-2. The hydrogen concentration in the mixture plasma varies from 0% to 80%, with the objective of identifying the optimum pressure, current density and hydrogen concentration for active species （[N] and IN2]） generation. It is observed that in an N2-H2 gas mixture, the concentration of N atom density decreases with filling pressure and increases with current density, with other parameters of the discharge kept unchanged. The maximum concentrations of active species were found for 40% H2 in the mixture at 3 mbar pressure and current density of 4 ***-2.

关键词： TRG-OES DC glow discharge reactive species

Evaluation of phytochemical properties and larvicidal activities of Cynodon dactylon, Clerodendrum viscosum, Spilanthes acmella and Terminalia chebula against Aedes aegypti

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2019年第5期12卷 224-231页

作者： Ananta Swargiary Manita Daimari Mritunjoy Roy Dipanjali Haloi Bijit Ramchiary department of zoology,Bodoland university department of zoology,Kokrajhar Govt.College department of zoology Bodoland University department of zoology Kokrajhar Govt.College

Objective: To investigate the phytochemical, antioxidant and larvicidal property of Cynodon dactylon, Clerodendrum viscosum, Spilanthes acmella and Terminalia chebula against Aedes ***: Antioxidant capacity of methanolic extract of the plants was studied by 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate(DPPH) assay, ferric reducing antioxidant power assay, 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) assay(ABTS), thiobarbituric acid reactive substance(TBARS) assay, superoxide anion scavenging activity and total antioxidant activity assay following standard *** phenolic content, total flavonoid content, carbohydrate, and plant protein were also estimated following standard *** property of plant extracts were determined following World Health Organization standard ***, glutathione-s-transferase(GST) and acetylcholinesterase(AchE) inhibitory property was also tested ***: Phytochemically, high protein, carbohydrate and phenolic were found in Terminalia chebula, while Cynodon dactylon showed high flavonoid ***, high antioxidant activity was found in Terminalia chebula with IC_(50) values at 13.7, 2.9, 45.2 and 46.0 μg/mL in DPPH, ABTS, TBARS and superoxide anion scavenging activity, *** study showed strongest activity in Spilanthes acmella followed by Cynodon dactylon, and Clerodendrum viscosum and Terminalia *** and AchE of Aedes aegypti larvae showed reduced enzyme activity when pre-incubated with Cynadon dactylon and Spilanthes ***: The methanolic crude extracts of Cynodon dactylon, Clerodendrum viscosum, Spilanthes acmella and Terminalia chebula possess strong antioxidant and larvicidal property against Aedes aegypti and therefore, may be further investigated for the molecular mode of action.

关键词： Larvicide Glutathione S-transferase Acetylcholinesterase Udalguri district Aedes aegypti

Influence of light and habitat on predation of Culex quinquefasciatus （Diptera： Culicidae）larvae by the waterbugs （Hemiptera： Heteroptera）

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Insect Science 2008年第5期15卷 461-469页

作者： Nabaneeta Saha Gautam Aditya Animesh Bal Goutam K. Saha department of zoology University of Calcutta Zoological Survey of India Kolkata department of zoology The University of Burdwan Golapbag Burdwan India

The influence of light and habitat structure on the predation of Culex quinquefasciatus larvae by the common heteropteran water bug, Diplonychus （= Sphaerodema） annulatus, D. rusticus and Anisops bouvieri was assessed in the laboratory. It was revealed that water bugs predate more in presence of light than in dark conditions. While A. bouvieri consumed more prey in structured conditions, D. annulatus and D. rusticus consumed more prey in open conditions. The selection of prey size as well as the respective numbers varied between predators and treatments significantly. Prey vulnerability （PV）, an indicator of predatory efficiency, was highest for D. annulatus, moderate for D. rusticus and low for A. bouvieri. Prey consumption and PV values under different treatment conditions indicate that for belostomatid water bugs D. annulatus and D. rusticus, the order of prey consumption under different habitat and light/dark combinations is light open 〉 dark open 〉 light vegetated 〉 dark vegetated. In the case of the backswimmer, A. bouvieri, the order of prey consumption appeared to be light structured 〉 dark structured 〉 light open 〉 dark open. These findings were consistent with resource-partitioning by water bug species sharing the same guild. If the observed results are extended to natural settings the efficiency of these predators in controlling mosquito populations will vary with the structural complexity of habitats and the intensity of light.

关键词： Belostomatidae biological control Culex quinquefasciatus larva Notonectidae predation

Antimutagenic Profile of Antioxidant Vitamins in Drosophila Mulation Test

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2008年第2期21卷 163-166页

作者： P. K. KHAN S. P. SINHA department of zoology Bhagalpur University Bhagalpur 812007 India department of zoology Patna University Patna 800005 India

Objective To assess the antimutagenicity of antioxidant vitamins （vitamins A, C, and E） as expressed by their efficacy to lower aflatoxin-induced mutations. Methods The Muller-5 method for mutation detection was used to assay the frequency of X-chromosome linked recessive lethal mutations （XRLMs） in Drosophila. Larvae were exposed to dietary concentration of aflatoxins and/or the human therapeutic doses of any of the three antioxidant vitamins. Absence of normal eyed males among M2 progeny gave an indication of mutation induction. Results Aflatoxin supplimentation significantly increased the incidence of XRLMs in Drosophila. Mutation frequency was also raised a little above the control level in case of vitamin treatment. However, notable mitigation in mutation frequency was registered when aflatoxin-treated larvae were concomitantly fed with any of the three antioxidant vitamins. Conclusion Aflatoxin exposure can enhance the frequency of gene mutation in Drosophila which is significantly lowered by each of the three antioxidant vitamins. The degree of amelioration produced by them is almost identical. This mitigation is based on the scavenging/trapping by antioxidant vitamins of DNA-reactive products （metabolites and radicals） emanating from aflatoxin metabolism.

关键词： Antimutagenicity Antioxidant vitamins

The foraging behavior of Japanese macaques Macaca fuscata in a forested enclosure: Effects of nutrient composition,energy and its seasonal variation on the consumption of natural plant foods

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Current zoology 2010年第2期56卷 198-208页

作者： M.Firoj JAMAN Michael A.HUFFMAN Hiroyuki TAKEMOTO Primate Research Institute Kyoto University department of zoology University of Dhaka

In the wild, primate foraging behaviors are related to the diversity and nutritional properties of food, which are affected by seasonal variation. The goal of environmental enrichment is to stimulate captive animals to exhibit similar foraging behavior of their wild counterparts, e.g. to extend foraging time. We conducted a 12-month study on the foraging behavior of Japanese macaques in a semi-naturally forested enclosure to understand how they use both provisioned foods and naturally available plant foods and what are the nutritional criteria of their consumption of natural plants. We recorded time spent feeding on provisioned and natural plant foods and collected the plant parts ingested of their major plant food species monthly, when available. We conducted nutritional analysis （crude protein, crude lipid, neutral detergent fiber-‘NDF＇, ash） and calculated total non-structural carbohydrate - ‘TNC＇ and total energy of those food items. Monkeys spent 47% of their feeding time foraging on natural plant species. The consumption of plant parts varied significantly across seasons. We found that leaf items were consumed in months when crude protein, crude protein-to-NDF ratio, TNC and total energy were significantly higher and NDF was significantly lower, fruit/nut items in months when crude protein and TNC were significantly higher and crude lipid content was significantly lower, and bark items in months when TNC and total energy were higher and crude lipid content was lower. This preliminary investigation showed that the forested enclosure allowed troop members to more fully express their species typical flexible behavior by challenging them to adjust their foraging behavior to seasonal changes of plant item diversity and nutritional content, also providing the possibility for individuals to nutritionally enhance their diet .

关键词： Nutrition Food consumption Semi-natural vegetation Provisioned foods Captive primates Enrichment

Immunogenicity and efficacy of recombinant 78 kDa antigen of Leishmania donovani formulated in various adjuvants against murine visceral leishmaniasis

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2015年第7期8卷 511-517页

作者： Rajeev Nagill Tejinder Kaur Jyoti Joshi Sukhbir Kaur department of zoology Panjab University

Objective: To analyze the protective efficacy of recombinant 78 kDa antigen of Leishmania donovani in combination with two adjuvants, that is, cationic liposomes or MPL-A against visceral leishmaniasis in BALB/c mice. Methods: The genomic DNA of promastigotes was isolated and 583 bp of T cell epitopes of gene encoding 78 k Da was amplified using specific primers. The amplified gene was cloned into p ET28 c, transformed into Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) and got expressed after IPTG induction. The recombinant protein was then purified using Ni-NTA and named r78. Three groups of mice were immunized with 10 μg of r78 plus MPL-A, r78 encapsulated in positively charged liposomes and control animals immunized with PBS. Two booster doses were given with the respective vaccine at an interval of 2 weeks each. Mice were challenged with 1×107 Leishmania promastigotes and sacrificed on different post infection/challenge days. Results: Immunization with r78 along with MPL-A and liposomeencapsulated r78 brought a significant reduction in parasite load. In comparison to the infected controls, the parasite load declined by 96.2% in mice immunized with r78 plus MPL-A and 97.23% in animals immunized with liposome-encapsulated r78. The immunized animals also exhibited profound DTH response. The serum antibody responses increased from 15 to 90 days post infection/challenge. Immunized animals showed greater IgG2 a levels and lesser Ig G1 levels in comparison to the infected controls. The splenocytes from immunized mice were cultured, stimulated with r78 and analyzed for cytokine profile. The levels of IL-2 and IFN-γ were greater in immunized animals as compared to control mice. Conclusions: The study proves that r78 in combination with suitable adjuvants is a potential vaccine candidate and may be instrumental in control of visceral leishmaniasis.

关键词： Visceral leishmaniasis r78kDa Liposomes MPL-A T cell epitope

Effects of Terminalia catappa seeds on sexual behaviour and fertility of male rats

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2000年第3期2卷 213-219页

作者： W.D.Ratnasooriya M.G.Dharmasiri department of zoology university of Colombo Colombo 3 Sri LankaDepartment of Zoology University of Colombo Colombo 3 Sri Lanka

Aim: To evaluate the aphrodisiac potential of Terminalia catappa Linn. seeds using a suspension of its kernel (SS)in 1% methyl cellulose in rats. Methods: Male rots were orally treated with 1500 mg/kg or 3000 mg/kg SS or ve-hicle, and their sexual behaviour was monitored 3 h later using a receptive female. Another group of rats was orallytreated with either 3000 mg/kg SS or vehicle for 7 consecutive days. Their sexual behaviour and fertility were evaluatedon days 1, 4 and 7 of treatment and day 7 post-treatment by pairing overnight with a pro-oestrous female. Results:The 1500 mg/kg dose, had a marked aphrodisiac action (prolongation of ejaculation latency) but no effect on libido(% mounting, % intromission and % ejaculation), sexual vigour (mounting-and-intromission frequency), or sexualperformance (intercopulatory interval). In contrast, the higher dose (3000 mg/kg) reversibly inhibited all the para?e-ten of sexual behaviour other than mounting-and-intromission frequency and copulatory efficiency. The effects of highdose SS were not due to general toxicity, liver toxicity, haemotoxicity, stress, muscle deficiency, muscle incoordina-fion, analgesia, hypoglycaemia or reduction in blood testosterone level. They were due to marked sedation. Conclu-sion: The kernel of T. catappa seeds has aphrodisiac activity and may be useful in the treatment of certain forms ofsexual inadequacies, such as premature ejaculation.

关键词： Terminalia catappa seeds aphrodisiac male sexual behaviour libido premature ejaculation fertility sedation

L-arginine, the substrate of nitric oxide synthase,inhibits fertility of male rats

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2001年第2期3卷 97-103页

作者： W.D.Ratnasooriya M.G.Dharmasiri department of zoology University of Colombo Colombo 3 Sri LankaDepartment of Zoology University of Colombo Colombo 3 Sri Lanka

Aim: To examine the effect of L-arginine, the substrate of nitric oxide (NO) synthase, on reproductive function ofmale rats. Methods: Male rats were gavaged with either L-arginine (100 or 200 mg·kg^(-1)·d^(-1)), D-arginine (200mg·kg^(-1)·d^(-1)) or vehicle (0.9% NaCl) for seven consecutive days. Their sexual behaviour and fertility were evaluat-ed using receptive females. Results: L-arginine (200 mg/kg) had no significant effect on sexual competence (interms of sexual arousal, libido, sexual vigour and sexual performance). In mating experiments, the higher dose of L-arginine effectively and reversibly inhibited fertility, whilst the lower dose and the inactive stereoisomer D-arginine hadno significant effect. The antifertility effect caused by L-arginine was due to a profound elevation in the preimplantationloss mediated possibly by impairment in epididymal sperm maturation, hyperactivated sperm motility and sperm capaci-tation. Conclusion: Elevated NO production may be detrimental to male fertility.

关键词： L-arginine nitric oxide fertility libido sex behavior pre-implantation loss sperm motility contraceptives

Conserving the zoological resources of Bangladesh under a changing climate

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Integrative zoology 2009年第2期4卷 213-219页

作者： Bidhan C.DAS department of zoology University of RajshahiRajshahiBangladesh

It is now well recognized that Bangladesh is one of the world’s most vulnerable countries to climate change and sea level *** levels of natural resources and a high occurrence of natural disasters further add to the challenges faced by the *** impacts of climate change are anticipated to exacerbate these existing stresses and constitute a serious impediment to poverty reduction and economic *** and biodiversity are important key sectors of the economy and natural resources of the country are selected as the most vulnerable to climate *** is for these reasons that Bangladesh should prepare to conserve its natural resources under changed climatic ***,the development of specific strategies and policies to address the effects of climate change on the ecosystem and on biodiversity has not commenced in ***,I present a detailed review of animal resources of Bangladesh,an outline of the major areas in zoological research to be integrated to adapt to climate change,and identified few components for each of the aforesaid areas in relation to the natural resource conservation and management in the country.

关键词： Bangladesh climate change conservation integrative approach.

Parasites of the Nile rat in rural and urban regions of Sudan

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Integrative zoology 2009年第2期4卷 179-187页

作者： Dina M.FAGIR El-Amin EL-RAYAH department of zoology University of KhartoumKhartoumSudan

In this investigation on endoparasites(helminths)and ectoparasites of the Nile rat(Arvicanthis niloticus Desmarest,1822),a total of 220 Nile rats were trapped from different regions of Sudan during the period January 2003–January *** of different tissues,identification of parasites,effect of these parasites on the organs,the preva-lence and intensity of infestation of the parasites and their relation to the habitat of the host,and sex-related infestations were *** showed that the variation among helminth species was wide,especially in those that are transferred by *** protozoan parasites or distortion in the infected tissues were *** examination for Toxoplasma gondii was carried *** species of cestodes(Hymenolepis nana,Hymenolepis diminuta),two genera(Raillietina sp.I,Raillietina ***)and one unidentified Hymenolepididae were *** most prevalent species of cestodes was Raillietina *** for nematodes only one species and one genus were recovered(Monanema nilotica and Streptopharagus sp.).Investigation of skin revealed that 83.8%of rats were infested with one or more of ectoparasites;namely,insects and *** survey also revealed that fleas and lice were the most common ectoparasites that infested the Nile *** rodents,particularly those living in close association with man,play a significant role in human health,welfare and *** has to be stressed that their arthropod ectoparasites are important vectors of pathogenic microorganisms and they can also be important reservoirs for parasitic zoonoses,like trichinellosis and *** doubt,the increase in rodent populations could be followed by an increase in zoonotic diseases(Stojcevic et al.2004,Durden et al.2000).Rats and mice(commensal and wild)play an important role in public health,being carriers or reservoirs for infectious diseases that can be transmitted to humans(zoonoses).Xenopsylla cheopis is the most important vector

关键词： Arvicanthis fleas lice mites Nile rat Sudan ticks.