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Asian Herpetological Research 2020年第3期11卷 257-262页

作者： Waqas ALI Arshad JAVID Saddam HUSSAIN Ali HUSSAIN Syed Mohsin BUKHARI Department of Wildlife and Ecology University of Veterinary and Animal SciencesLahorePakistan

This study was conducted in selected sites of District Bahawalnagar namely,Shaheed Chowk,Chak40/F,Chak 163/7 R and Fareedkot Tiba between March 2019 and August 2019.Sampling techniques included recording of burrows,flooding,burrow exaction,noose traps and pit fall traps were used to capture Uromast yx hardwickii.During this survey150 individuals were captured from study area for morphological measurement and population estimation.The average snout to vent length(SVL)of male,female and juveniles were(172.50±19.71)mm,(155.50±18.72)mm and(86.25±11.72)mm respectively.The average weight of male,female and juvenile was(93.06±8.56)g,(88.16±7.95)g and(40.16±4.30)g respectively.The relative abundance(Pi)of males,females and juveniles were 0.53,0.33 and 0.13.Indian spiny tailed lizard(U.hardwickii)has been listed in the IUCN Red list and CITES.Major threats to the species in the study area are increase in urbanization,habitat fragmentation,illegal hunting for meat and fat.In this regard strict implementation of the wildlife act is needed to protect the wildlife of Punjab.Furthermore,comprehensive surveys are required in throughout Punjab to declare conservation status of U.hardwickii.

关键词： habitat morphological characters population Uromastyx hardwickii

Modeling some long-term implications of CO_2 fertilization for global forests and forest industries

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Forest Ecosystems 2016年第1期3卷 13-25页

作者： Joseph Buongiorno department of Forest and wildlife ecology University of Wisconsin-Madison

Background： This paper explored the long-term, ceteris-paribus effects of potential CO2 fertilization on the global forest sector. Based on the findings of Norby et al. （PNAS 2005, 102（50）） about forest response to elevated [CO2]. Methods： Forest productivity was increased in the Global Forest Products Model （GFPM） in proportion to the rising [CO2] projected in the IPCC scenario A1B, A2, and 132. Projections of the forest area and forest stock and of the production, consumption, prices, and trade of products ranging from fuelwood to paper and paperboard were obtained with the GFPM for each scenario, with and without CO2 fertilization beginning in 2011 and up to 2065. Results： CO2 fertilization increased wood supply, leading to lower wood prices which in turn induced modest lower prices of end products and higher global consumption. However, production and value added in industries decreased in some regions due to the relative competitive advantages and to the varying regional effects of CO2 fertilization. Conclusion： The main effect of CO2 fertilization was to raise the level of the world forest stock in 2065 by 9 to 10 % for scenarios A2 and B2 and by 20 % for scenario A1B. The rise in forest stock induced by fertilization was in part counteracted by its stimulation of the wood supply which resulted in lower wood prices and increased harvests.

关键词： CO2 fertilization Climate change Prices Supply Demand International trade

Competitor densities,habitat,and weather:effects on interspecific interactions between wild deer species

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Integrative Zoology 2021年第5期16卷 670-684页

作者： Francesco FERRETTI NiccolòFATTORINI Research Unit of Behavioural ecology Ethology and Wildlife ManagementDepartment of Life SciencesUniversity of SienaSienaItaly

There is a growing interest on the potential interplay between weather,habitat,and interspecific competition on population dynamics of wild herbivores.Favorable environmental conditions may buffer the negative effects of competition;conversely,competition may be expected to be stronger under harsh environmental conditions.We investigated relationships between competitor abundance,weather,and habitat cover on density and local distribution of a medium-sized herbivore,the roe deer Capreolus capreolus,as well as its spatial overlap with fallow deer Dama dama in a Mediterranean protected area.Over 11 years(2007–2017),roe deer density was not affected by spring–summer rainfall in the previous year and decreased with increasing density of fallow deer in the previous year.Hence,over the considered temporal scale,results supported a major role of competition over weather in influencing population trends of roe deer.At a finer spatial scale,roe deer occupancy was negatively affected by local abundance of fallow deer,especially in“poorer”habitats.We found a slight support for a positive effect of fallow deer density on interspecific spatial overlap.Moreover,fine-scale spatial overlap between deer species increased with decreasing rainfall in spring–summer.Fallow deer were introduced to our study area in historical times and their role as superior competitors over roe deer has been found also in other study areas.We suggest a potential role of harsh weather conditions during the growing season of vegetation(i.***.scarce rainfall)in triggering the potential for ecological overlap,emphasizing the negative effects of interspecific competition.

关键词： interspecific competition deer niche partitioning rainfall ungulates Dama dama Capreolus capreolus

Assessing fire severity in Turkey's forest ecosystems using spectral indices from satellite images

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林业研究:英文版 2023年第6期34卷 1747-1761页

作者： Coşkun Okan Güney Ahmet Mert Serkan Gülsoy department of Forest Fires Aegean Forestry Research Institute35430 IzmirTurkey department of wildlife ecology and Management Faculty of ForestryIsparta University of Applied Science32260 IspartaTurkey department of Soil Science and ecology Faculty of ForestryIsparta University of Applied Science32260 IspartaTurkey

Fire severity classifications determine fire damage and regeneration potential in post-fire areas for effective implementation of restoration applications.Since fire damage varies according to vegetation and fire characteristics,regional assessment of fire severity is crucial.The objectives of this study were:(1)to test the performance of different satellite imagery and spectral indices,and two field—measured severity indices,CBI(Composite Burn Index)and GeoCBI(Geometrically structured Composite Burn Index)to assess fire severity;(2)to calculate classification thresholds for spectral indices that performed best in the study areas;and(3)to generate fire severity maps that could be used to determine the ecological impact of forest fires.Five large fires in Pinus brutia(Turkish pine)and Pinus nigra subsp.pallasiana var.pallasiana(Anatolian black pine)—dominated forests during 2020 and 2021 were selected as study sites.The results show that GeoCBI provided more reliable estimates of field—measured fire severity than CBI.While Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8/OLI images performed similarly well,MODIS performed poorly.Fire severity classification thresholds were determined for Sentinel-2 based RdNBR,dNBR,dSAVI,dNDVI,and dNDMI and Landsat-8/OLI based dNBR,dNDVI,and dSAVI.Among several spectral indices,the highest accuracy for fire severity classification was found for Sentinel-2 based RdNBR(72.1%)and Landsat-8/OLI based dNBR(69.2%).The results can be used to assess and map fire severity in forest ecosystems similar to those in this study.

关键词： Remote sensing Forest fire Fire severity Spectral indices Composite burn index

Mixed-method study on medicinal herb collection in relation to wildlife conservation:the case of giant pandas in China

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Integrative Zoology 2019年第6期14卷 604-612页

作者： Yichao ZENG Jindong ZHANG Vanessa HULL department of wildlife ecology and Conservation University of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA Key Laboratory of Southwest China wildlife Resources Conservation China West Normal UniversityMinistry of EducationNanchongChina

Medicinal herb collection has historical and cultural roots in many rural communities in developing countries.Areas where herb collection occurs may overlap with biodiversity hotspots and crucial habitat of endangered and threatened species.However,impacts of such practices on wildlife are unknown and possibly underestimated,perhaps due to the elusive nature of such activities.We examined this phenomenon in Wolong Nature Reserve,China,a protected area in the South-Central China biodiversity hotspot that also supports a community of Tibetan,Qiang and Han people who use herb collection as a supplementary source of livelihood.We adopted a participatory approach in which we engaged local people in outlining spatial and temporal dynamics of medicinal herb collection practices.We found that the overall spatial extent of herb collection increased in the past two decades.We then overlaid herb collection maps with localities of giant panda(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)feces collected over two time points in the reserve.Using a Bayesian parameter estimation,we found evidence for declined giant panda occurrence in the areas most recently impacted by emerging medicinal herb collection.Our methodology demonstrates the potential power of integrating participatory approaches with quantitative methods for processes like herb collection that may be difficult to examine empirically.We discuss future directions for improving explanatory power and addressing uncertainty in this type of mixed-method,interdisciplinary research.This work has implications for future attempts to understand whether and how prevalent but subtle human activities may affect wildlife conservation.

关键词： Bayesian parameter estimation medicinal herb collection participatory mapping wildlife conservation

Comparison of satellite images with different spatial resolutions to estimate stand structural diversity in urban forests

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Journal of Forestry Research 2017年第4期28卷 805-814页

作者： Ulas Yunus Ozkan Ibrahim Ozdemir Tufan Demirel Serhun Saglam Ahmet Yesil department of Forest Management Faculty of ForestryIstanbul University wildlife ecology and Management Faculty of ForestrySuleyman Demirel University

The structural diversity in urban forests is highly important to protect biodiversity. In particular, fruit trees and bush species, cavity-bearing trees and coarse, woody debris provide habitats for animals to feed, nest and hide. Improper silvicultural practices, intensive recreational use and illegal harvesting lead to a decline in the structural diversity in forests within larger metropolitan cities. It is important to monitor the structural diversity at definite time intervals using effective technologies with a view to instituting the necessary conservation measures. The use of satellite images seems to be appropriate to this end. Here we aimed to identify the associations between the textural features derived from the satellite images with different spatial resolutions and the structural diversity indices in urban forest stands (Shannon-Wiener index, complexity index, dominance index and density of wildlife trees). RapidEye images with a spatial resolution of 5?m × 5?m, ASTER images with a spatial resolution of 15?m × 15?m and Landsat-8 ETM satellite images with a spatial resolution of 30?m × 30?m were used in this study. The first-order (standard deviation of gray levels) and second order (GLCM entropy, GLCM contrast and GLCM correlation) textural features were calculated from the satellite images. When associations between textural features in the images and the structural diversity indices were assessed using the Pearson correlation coefficient, very high associations were found between the image textural features and the diversity indices. The highest association was found between the standard deviation of gray levels (SDGLRAP) derived from RVIRAP of RapidEye image and the Shannon-Wiener index (H h) calculated on the basis of tree height (R 2?=?0.64). The findings revealed that RapidEye satellite images with a spatial resolution of 5?m × 5?m are most suitable for estimating the structural diversity in urban forests.

关键词： Biodiversity Satellite image Structural diversity Texture measures Urban forests

Characterization of intestinal microbiota and fecal cortisol,T3,and IgA in forest musk deer(Moschus berezovskii)from birth to weaning

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Integrative Zoology 2021年第3期16卷 300-312页

作者： Yimeng LI Tianxiang ZHANG Minghui SHI Baofeng ZHANG Xin HU Shanghua XU Jianhong DING Shuqiang LIU Defu HU Daniel RUBENSTEIN School of ecology and Nature Conservation Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina department of ecology and Evolutionary Biology Princeton UniversityPrincetonNew JerseyUSA Beijing Key Laboratory of Captive wildlife Technology Beijing ZooBeijingChina

Analysis of the intestinal microbiota and physiological parameters in mammalian infancy can reveal health status.In this study,we used a combination of molecular and immunochemical approaches to assess fecal microbiota as well as Cortisol(Cor),Triiodothyronine(T3),and immunoglobulin A(IgA)levels of young forest musk deer(FMD),from birth to one month after weaning(7 days of age–110 days of age).During development as the diet of FMD changes from consuming milk to eating plants,the richness and diversity of intestinal microbiota of young FMD increased significantly.Cor levels remained unchanged throughout early development while significantly increased after weaning,T3 and IgA initially were derived from milk during lactation,significantly decreased after weaning.Correlation network analysis showed that the community of food-oriented microbes were highly structured and that many genera were correlated.Overall,this study provides scientific insights into effective management strategies for the protection of FMD population.

关键词： forest musk deer intestinal microbiota weaning

Effects of rodent abundance and richness on cache pilfering

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Integrative Zoology 2018年第3期13卷 331-338页

作者： Jacob W.DITTEL Stephen B.VANDER WALL department of Fisheries and wildlife Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOregonUSA department of Biology and the Program in ecology Evolutionand Conservation BiologyUniversity of NevadaRenoNevadaUSA

Scatterhoarding is a common behavioral strategy to conserve food during periods of scarcity,but this type of food storage is vulnerable to theft or pilferage.A variety of environmental factors and cache characteristics influence the rate of pilferage.Here we investigate 2 environmental factors,which heretofore have not received much attention:the abundance and species richness of scatterhoarding animals in the vicinity of scatterhoarded seeds.We measured the rate of cache pilferage at 7 sites that differed in the number and species composition of granivorous rodents in western Nevada using local native seeds and sunflower seeds.We found that there was no difference between the pilferage rate of native seeds and sunflower seeds,but that sites with different rodent abundances had different pilferage rates.Pilferage rates were proportional to the abundance of scatterhoarding rodents.Scatterhoarding rodents removed seeds at the rate of 1.3%/day/rodent individual.Species richness of scatterhoarding rodents was not correlated with rates of pilferage.These results suggest that density-dependent competition for scatterhoarded seeds is a strong determinant of pilferage rates.

关键词： cache pilfering competition food hoarding heteromyids rodent abundance scatter hoarding sciurids

Effects of social and climatic factors on birth sex ratio in Macaca mulatta in Mount Taihangshan area

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Integrative Zoology 2015年第2期10卷 199-206页

作者： Jundong TIAN Baishi WANG Zhenlong WANG Jindong LIU Jiqi LU Institute of Biodiversity and ecology Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina Jiyuan Administration of Taihangshan Macaque National Nature Reserve JiyuanChina department of wildlife Diseases Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife ResearchBerlinGermany

Sex allocation theory predicts the optimal investment to male and female offspring.However,a biased sex ratio requires explanations as to why the deviation occurs.Rhesus macaque(Macaca mulatta)is the most widely distributed nonhuman primate species and the Taihangshan macaque(Macaca mulatta tcheliensis)occupies the northern limit of all rhesus macaque natural populations worldwide.We observed one macaque troop(Wangwu-1[WW-1])inhabiting Taihangshan Macaque National Nature Reserve and recorded all birth events and the sex of newborn macaques from 2004 to 2013.Our aim was to apply the Trivers–Willard hypothesis to this free-ranging rhesus macaque troop,and to understand the relationship between climatic parameters(precipitation and temperature)and birth sex ratio.We found that the total newborn macaques showed a female-biased sex ratio at birth in the WW-1 troop,but there were no significant biased birth sex ratios in all matriarchs and in high-ranking and middle-ranking matrilineal units.However,the low-ranking macaque matrilineal unit was significantly female-biased.Moreover,we found that the annual precipitation of the previous year was positively associated with the birth sex ratio,and there was an interactive effect of troop size and current winter temperature on the birth sex ratio.The underlying mechanisms for the effects of social and climatic factors on birth sex ratio could be complex,and we discuss several plausible explanations.

关键词： birth sex ratio precipitation rhesus macaque social rank Trivers-Willard hypothesis

Penis size and sperm quality,are all bats grey in the dark?

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Current Zoology 2019年第6期65卷 697-703页

作者： Nicolas Jean FASEL Marta KOIODZIEJ-SOBOCINSKA Ewa KOMAR Marcin ZEGAREK Ireneusz RUCZYNSKI department of Evolutionary ecology Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife ResearchAlfred-Kowalke-StrasseBerlinGermany Mammal Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences Biatowiez.aPoland

Penises play a key role in sperm transport and in stimulating female genitals.This should impact post-copulatory competition,and expose penis characteristics to sexual selective pressures.Studies of male genitalia have repeatedly reported negative static allometries,which mean that,within species,large males have disproportionally small genitals when compared with smaller individuals.Males of some sperm-storing bat species may stand as an exception to such a pattern by arousing from hibernation to copulate with torpid females.The selection for large penises might take place,if a long organ provides advantages during post-copulatory competition and/or if females have evolved mechanisms allowing the choice of sire,relying on characters other than pre-copulatory traits(e.g.,penis size).In this study,we measured dimensions of the erected penis in 4 sperm-storing bat species.Furthermore,we collected sperm and evaluated the link between penis dimensions and sperm velocity.Our results revealed steep allometric slopes of the erected penis length in Barbastella barbastellus and an inverse allometry of penis head width in Myotis nattereri.More detailed studies of copulatory behavior are urgently needed to explain the range of observed scaling relations.Furthermore,penis head width correlates with sperm velocity in Plecotus auritus.For this last species,we propose that penis shape might act as a marker of male fertility.

关键词： Barbastella barbastellus genitalia honest signaling Myotis nattereri Plecotus auritus sperm competition sperm quality sperm velocity Vespertilio murinus.