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Mixed-method study on medicinal herb collection in relation to wildlife conservation:the case of giant pandas in China

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Integrative Zoology 2019年第6期14卷 604-612页

作者： Yichao ZENG Jindong ZHANG Vanessa HULL department of wildlife ecology and conservation University of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA Key Laboratory of Southwest China wildlife Resources conservation China West Normal UniversityMinistry of EducationNanchongChina

Medicinal herb collection has historical and cultural roots in many rural communities in developing *** where herb collection occurs may overlap with biodiversity hotspots and crucial habitat of endangered and threatened ***,impacts of such practices on wildlife are unknown and possibly underestimated,perhaps due to the elusive nature of such *** examined this phenomenon in Wolong Nature Reserve,China,a protected area in the South-Central China biodiversity hotspot that also supports a community of Tibetan,Qiang and Han people who use herb collection as a supplementary source of *** adopted a participatory approach in which we engaged local people in outlining spatial and temporal dynamics of medicinal herb collection *** found that the overall spatial extent of herb collection increased in the past two *** then overlaid herb collection maps with localities of giant panda(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)feces collected over two time points in the *** a Bayesian parameter estimation,we found evidence for declined giant panda occurrence in the areas most recently impacted by emerging medicinal herb *** methodology demonstrates the potential power of integrating participatory approaches with quantitative methods for processes like herb collection that may be difficult to examine *** discuss future directions for improving explanatory power and addressing uncertainty in this type of mixed-method,interdisciplinary re*** work has implications for future attempts to understand whether and how prevalent but subtle human activities may affect wildlife conservation.

关键词： Bayesian parameter estimation medicinal herb collection participatory mapping wildlife conservation

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Recovery of threatened plant species and their habitats in the biodiversity hotspot of the Southwest Australian Floristic Region

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Plant Diversity 2019年第2期41卷 59-74页

作者： Leonie Monks Sarah Barrett Brett Beecham Margaret Byrne Alanna Chant David Coates J.Anne Cochrane Andrew Crawford Rebecca Dillon Colin Yates Biodiversity and conservation Science Department of Biodiversity Conservation and Attractions Parks and wildlife Service Department of Biodiversity Conservation and Attractions

The Southwest Australian Floristic Region(SWAFR) is a global biodiversity hotspot with high plant diversity and endemism and a broad range of threatening processes. An outcome of this is a high proportion of rare and threatened plant species. Ongoing discovery and taxonomic description of new species, many of which are rare, increases the challenges for recovery of threatened species and prioritisation of conservation actions. Current conservation of this diverse flora is based on integrated and scientific evidence-based management. Here we present an overview of current approaches to the conservation of threatened flora in the SWAFR with a focus on active management through recovery and restoration that is integrated with targeted research. Key threats include disease, fragmentation, invasive weeds, altered fire regimes, grazing, altered hydro-ecology and climate change. We highlight the integrated approach to management of threats and recovery of species with four case studies of threatened flora recovery projects that illustrate the breadth of interventions ranging from In situ management to conservation reintroductions and restoration of threatened species habitats. Our review and case studies emphasise that despite the scale of the challenge, a scientific understanding of threats and their impacts enables effective conservation actions to arrest decline and enhance recovery of threatened species and habitats.

关键词： Threatened species Threatening processes conservation Recovery Restoration Biodiversity hotspot

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Modeling some long-term implications of CO_2 fertilization for global forests and forest industries

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Forest Ecosystems 2016年第1期3卷 13-25页

作者： Joseph Buongiorno department of Forest and wildlife ecology University of Wisconsin-Madison

Background： This paper explored the long-term, ceteris-paribus effects of potential CO2 fertilization on the global forest sector. Based on the findings of Norby et al. （PNAS 2005, 102（50）） about forest response to elevated [CO2]. Methods： Forest productivity was increased in the Global Forest Products Model （GFPM） in proportion to the rising [CO2] projected in the IPCC scenario A1B, A2, and 132. Projections of the forest area and forest stock and of the production, consumption, prices, and trade of products ranging from fuelwood to paper and paperboard were obtained with the GFPM for each scenario, with and without CO2 fertilization beginning in 2011 and up to 2065. Results： CO2 fertilization increased wood supply, leading to lower wood prices which in turn induced modest lower prices of end products and higher global consumption. However, production and value added in industries decreased in some regions due to the relative competitive advantages and to the varying regional effects of CO2 fertilization. Conclusion： The main effect of CO2 fertilization was to raise the level of the world forest stock in 2065 by 9 to 10 % for scenarios A2 and B2 and by 20 % for scenario A1B. The rise in forest stock induced by fertilization was in part counteracted by its stimulation of the wood supply which resulted in lower wood prices and increased harvests.

关键词： CO2 fertilization Climate change Prices Supply Demand International trade

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Spatial density estimate of the snow leopard, Panthera uncia, in the Central Tibetan Plateau, China

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Integrative Zoology 2023年第4期18卷 677-687页

作者： Xiaoxing BIAN Xuchang LIANG Byron WECKWORTH Dorje JYAL Vanessa HULL Le YANG School of Natural Resources and Environment University of FloridaGainesvilleUSA department of wildlife ecology and conservation University of FloridaGainesvilleUSA wildlife conservation Society China BeijingChina Panthera New YorkUSA Tibet Plateau Institute of Biology LhasaChina

Knowledge of large carnivore population abundance is essential for wildlife management and conservation,but these data are often difﬁcult to obtain in inherently low-density *** particular,the snow leopard,Panthera uncia,an enigmatic cat occupying remote mountains in Central Asia,has received insufﬁcient assessments of its population abundance because of logistical and methodological ***,we aimed to develop a robust density estimation of snow leopards based on 81 days of camera trapping within a contiguous and previously un-surveyed 1950 km2 area of habitat on the Tibetan Plateau(Mayue Township,Shenzha County,Tibet Autonomous Region,China).By applying spatially explicit capture–recapture models,we produced an estimate of 1.40(95%CI:1.06–1.84)individuals per 100 *** also suggested sex-speciﬁc variation in the range of movement around activity centers,with male(N=10,σ=4.02)movement considerably greater than female(N=8,σ=1.84)***ﬁndings can serve as a reliable baseline reference for assessing the population trends of this endangered felid species with future *** study will provide context to contribute toward a better understanding of ecological factors shaping the distribution and abundance of snow leopards and the related conservation measures needed to sustain their long-term survival on the Tibetan Plateau.

关键词： population density snow leopard spatial capture–recapture Tibetan Plateau

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Effects of rodent abundance and richness on cache pilfering

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Integrative Zoology 2018年第3期13卷 331-338页

作者： Jacob W.DITTEL Stephen B.VANDER WALL department of Fisheries and wildlife Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOregonUSA department of Biology and the Program in ecology Evolutionand Conservation BiologyUniversity of NevadaRenoNevadaUSA

Scatterhoarding is a common behavioral strategy to conserve food during periods of scarcity,but this type of food storage is vulnerable to theft or pilferage.A variety of environmental factors and cache characteristics influence the rate of *** we investigate 2 environmental factors,which heretofore have not received much attention:the abundance and species richness of scatterhoarding animals in the vicinity of scatterhoarded *** measured the rate of cache pilferage at 7 sites that differed in the number and species composition of granivorous rodents in western Nevada using local native seeds and sunflower *** found that there was no difference between the pilferage rate of native seeds and sunflower seeds,but that sites with different rodent abundances had different pilferage *** rates were proportional to the abundance of scatterhoarding *** rodents removed seeds at the rate of 1.3%/day/rodent *** richness of scatterhoarding rodents was not correlated with rates of *** results suggest that density-dependent competition for scatterhoarded seeds is a strong determinant of pilferage rates.

关键词： cache pilfering competition food hoarding heteromyids rodent abundance scatter hoarding sciurids

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Morphological Variations,Distribution and Population Estimation of Indian Spiny Tailed Liza rd(Uromastyx hardwickii Gray,1827)from District Bahawalnagar,Punjab,Pakistan

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Asian Herpetological Research 2020年第3期11卷 257-262页

作者： Waqas ALI Arshad JAVID Saddam HUSSAIN Ali HUSSAIN Syed Mohsin BUKHARI department of wildlife and ecology University of Veterinary and Animal SciencesLahorePakistan

This study was conducted in selected sites of District Bahawalnagar namely,Shaheed Chowk,Chak40/F,Chak 163/7 R and Fareedkot Tiba between March 2019 and August *** techniques included recording of burrows,flooding,burrow exaction,noose traps and pit fall traps were used to capture Uromast yx *** this survey150 individuals were captured from study area for morphological measurement and population *** average snout to vent length(SVL)of male,female and juveniles were(172.50±19.71)mm,(155.50±18.72)mm and(86.25±11.72)mm *** average weight of male,female and juvenile was(93.06±8.56)g,(88.16±7.95)g and(40.16±4.30)g *** relative abundance(Pi)of males,females and juveniles were 0.53,0.33 and *** spiny tailed lizard(***)has been listed in the IUCN Red list and *** threats to the species in the study area are increase in urbanization,habitat fragmentation,illegal hunting for meat and *** this regard strict implementation of the wildlife act is needed to protect the wildlife of ***,comprehensive surveys are required in throughout Punjab to declare conservation status of ***.

关键词： habitat morphological characters population Uromastyx hardwickii

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Why China is important in advancing the field of primatology

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Zoological Research 2018年第4期39卷 241-243页

作者： Paul A.Garber department of Anthropology Program in Ecology Evolution and Conservation Biology University of Illinois

Over the past few decades, field studies conducted by Chinese primatologists have contributed significant new theoretical and empirical insights into the behavior, ecology, biology, genetics, and conservation of Iorises, macaques, langurs, snubnosed monkeys, and gibbons. With the recent establishment and inaugural meeting of the China Primatological Society in 2017, China has emerged as a leading nation in primate research. Several research teams have conducted long-term studies despite the difficult challenges of habituating and observing wild primates Inhabiting mountainous temperate forests, and the fact that some 80% of China＇s 25-27 primate species are considered vulnerable, endangered, or critically endangered and are distributed in small isolated subpopulations. In going forward, it is recommended that primatologists in China increase their focus on seasonal differences in the social, ecological, physiological, and nutritional challenges primates face in exploiting high altitude and cold temperate forests. In addition, provisioning as a habitation tool should be minimized or eliminated, as it is difficult to control for its effects on group dynamics, patterns of habitat utilization, and feeding ecology. Finally in the next decade, Chinese primatologists should consider expanding the taxonomic diversity of species studied by conducting research in other parts of Asia, Africa, and the Neotropics.

关键词： China conservation Primate research ecology

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Characterization of intestinal microbiota and fecal cortisol,T3,and IgA in forest musk deer(Moschus berezovskii)from birth to weaning

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Integrative Zoology 2021年第3期16卷 300-312页

作者： Yimeng LI Tianxiang ZHANG Minghui SHI Baofeng ZHANG Xin HU Shanghua XU Jianhong DING Shuqiang LIU Defu HU Daniel RUBENSTEIN School of ecology and Nature conservation Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina department of ecology and Evolutionary Biology Princeton UniversityPrincetonNew JerseyUSA Beijing Key Laboratory of Captive wildlife Technology Beijing ZooBeijingChina

Analysis of the intestinal microbiota and physiological parameters in mammalian infancy can reveal health *** this study,we used a combination of molecular and immunochemical approaches to assess fecal microbiota as well as Cortisol(Cor),Triiodothyronine(T3),and immunoglobulin A(IgA)levels of young forest musk deer(FMD),from birth to one month after weaning(7 days of age–110 days of age).During development as the diet of FMD changes from consuming milk to eating plants,the richness and diversity of intestinal microbiota of young FMD increased *** levels remained unchanged throughout early development while significantly increased after weaning,T3 and IgA initially were derived from milk during lactation,significantly decreased after *** network analysis showed that the community of food-oriented microbes were highly structured and that many genera were ***,this study provides scientific insights into effective management strategies for the protection of FMD population.

关键词： forest musk deer intestinal microbiota weaning

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Density and carrying capacity in the forgotten tigerland:Tigers in the understudied Nepalese Churia

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Integrative Zoology 2017年第3期12卷 211-227页

作者： Kanchan THAPA Marcella J.KELLY department of Fish and wildlife conservation Virginia TechBlacksburgVirginiaUSA conservation Science Unit WWF NepalBaluwatarKathmanduNepal

While there are numerous wildlife ecology studies in lowland areas of Nepal,there are no in-depth studies of the hilly Churia habitat even though it comprises 7642 km2 of potential wildlife habitat across the Terai *** investigated tiger,leopard and prey densities across this understudied *** camera trapping survey covered 536 km2 of Churia and surrounding areas within Chitwan National Park(CNP).We used 161 trapping locations and accumulated 2097 trap-nights in a 60-day survey period during the winter season of *** addition,we walked 136 km over 81 different line transects using distance sampling to estimate prey *** photographed 31 individual tigers,28 individual leopards and 25 other mammalian *** capture-recapture methods resulted in lower density estimates for tigers,ranging from 2.3 to 2.9 tigers per 100 km2,than for leopards,which ranged from 3.3 to 5.1 leopards per 100 *** addition,leopard densities were higher in the core of the Churia compared to surrounding *** estimated 62.7 prey animals per 100 km2 with forest ungulate prey(sambar,chital,barking deer and wild pig),accounting for 47%of the *** on prey availability,Churia habitat within CNP could potentially support 5.86 tigers per 100 km2 but our density estimates were lower,perhaps indicating that the tiger population is below carrying *** results demonstrate that Churia habitat should not be ignored in conservation initiatives,but rather management efforts should focus on reducing human disturbance to support higher predator numbers.

关键词： camera trapping carrying capacity churia habitat Panthera tigris tigris spatially explicit capture recapture

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Comparative sensitivity to environmental variation and human disturbance of Asian tapirs (Tapirus indicus) and other wild ungulates in Thailand

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Integrative Zoology 2012年第4期7卷 389-399页

作者： Antony J.LYNAM Naruemon TANTIPISANUH Wanlop CHUTIPONG Dusit NGOPRASERT Megan C.BAKER Passanan CUTTER George GALE Shumpei KITAMURA Robert STEINMETZ Ronglarp SUKMASUANG Somying THUNHIKORN Global conservation Program Wildlife Conservation Society(WCS)BronxNYUSA IUCN/SSC Tapir Specialist Group BangkokThailand conservation ecology Program King Mongkut’s University of Technology ThonburiBangkokThailand Center for Species Survival Smithsonian Conservation Biology InstituteFront RoyalVirginiaUSA conservation Biology Program University of MinnesotaSt.PaulMinnesotaUSA Museum of Nature and Human Activities SandaJapan WWF Thailand BangkokThailand department of Forest Biology Kasetsart UniversityBangkokThailand wildlife Research Division Department of National ParksWildlife and Plants ConservationBangkokThailand

Southeast Asia’s tropical forests suffer the highest rates of deforestation and disturbance of any on Earth,with poorly understood impacts on native *** tapirs(Tapirus indicus)are among the least studied of the large mammals in these *** records from 9 camera trap surveys in 7 of the largest(>1000 km2)pro-tected area complexes,we assessed the influence of environmental variation and human-induced disturbance on tapir *** were detected at 13%of locations sampled,significantly associated with evergreen for-est(P40%over the past 20 *** recommend surveys to fill gaps in the understanding of the status in lesser-known protected areas,research to better understand the fine-scale environmental influences on behavior and habitats of tapirs,and other forest un-gulates,and continued legal status for tapirs in the highest category of protection.

关键词： Asian tapir camera traps conservation logistic regression ungulates

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