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Interfacial defective Ti^(3+) on Ti/TiO_(2) as visible-light responsive sites with promoted charge transfer and photocatalytic performance

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2022年第11期106卷 139-146页

作者： Yangfan Zhang Yao Li Han Yu Kai Yu Hongbing Yu College of environmental Science and Engineering Nankai UniversityTianjin 300350China department of water resources Engineering Lund University22100 LundSweden School of Economics and management Tiangong UniversityTianjin 300350China

Defect sites on oxide semiconductors play a crucial role in promoting photocatalytiperformance and mod-ulating the bandgap structure of ***,the role of interfacial coordinatively unsatu-rated defect sites between metal and oxide in photocatalysis is still under ***,we designed an experiment to probe the role of interfacial coordinatively unsaturated defect *** this work,a se-ries of Ti/TiO_(2) photocatalysts with varying concentrations of interfacial Ti^(3+)sites were prepared through an epitaxial growth method under hydrothermal *** experimental and computational investigations,the roles of interfacial defect sites were discussed in *** the one hand,the inter-facial coordinatively unsaturated Ti^(3+)sites could act as visible-light-responsive sites in photocatalytic reactions due to the overlap and hybridization of multiple electronic *** the other hand,the Ti/TiO_(2) interface exhibited a certain degree of metallic character near the Fermi level because of the par-tial delocalization and redistribution of electrons,facilitating the charge migration and separation across the metal-oxide ***,the obtained Ti/TiO_(2) catalysts showed notably enhanced charge transfer efficiency and visible light photocatalytic activity compared to their pristine *** work may provide a new perspective to interfacial defect engineering in classic metal/oxide heterojunc-tion photocatalysts and figure a more precise direction to synthesize higher effective photocatalysts for environmental governance.

关键词： Interfacial defect engineering Ti/TiO_(2)interface Coordinatively unsaturated site Visible-light photocatalysis DFT calculation

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Test of newly developed conceptual hydrological model for simulation of rain-on-snow events in forested watershed

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water Science and Engineering 2013年第1期6卷 31-43页

作者： Si-min QU Han LIU Yan-ping CUI Peng SHI Wei-min BAO Zhong-bo YU State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-water resources and Hydraulic Engineering Hohai University College of Hydrology and water resources Hohai University department of Forest Engineering Resources and ManagementOregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97331USA

A conceptual hydrological model that links the Xin＇anjiang hydrological model and a physically based snow energy and mass balance model, described as the XINSNOBAL model, was developed in this study for simulating rain-on-snow events that commonly occur in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. The resultant model was applied to the Lookout Creek watershed in the H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest in the western Cascade Mountains of Oregon, and its ability to simulate streamflow was evaluated. The simulation was conducted at 24-hour and one-hour time scales for the period of 1996 to 2005. The results indicated that runoffand peak discharge could be underestimated if snowpack accumulation and snowmelt under rain-on-snow conditions were not taken into account. The average deterministic coefficient of the hourly model in streamflow simulation in the calibration stage was 0.837, which was significantly improved over the value of 0.762 when the Xin＇anjiang model was used alone. Good simulation performance of the XINSNOBAL model in the WS 10 catchment, using the calibrated parameter of the Lookout Creek watershed for proxy-basin testing, demonstrates that transplanting model parameters between similar watersheds can orovide a useful tool for discharge forecastin~, in un^au^ed basins.

关键词： Xin 'anjiang model " snow energy and mass balance model " rain-on-snow event " H. J.Andrews Experimental Forest

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Removal of antibiotics in a parallel-plate thin-film-photocatalytic reactor: Process modeling and evolution of transformation by-products and toxicity

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2017年第10期29卷 114-122页

作者： Can Burak?zkal Zacharias Frontistis Maria Antonopoulou Ioannis Konstantinou Dionissios Mantzavinos Süreyya Meric environmental Engineering Namik Kemal University Faculty of Engineering department of Chemical Engineering University of Patras department of environmental&Natural resources management University of Patras department of Chemistry University of Ioannina

Photocatalytic degradation of sulfamethoxazole（SMX） antibiotic has been studied under recycling batch and homogeneous flow conditions in a thin-film coated immobilized system namely parallel-plate（PPL） reactor. Experimentally designed, statistically evaluated with a factorial design（FD） approach with intent to provide a mathematical model takes into account the parameters influencing process performance. Initial antibiotic concentration, UV energy level, irradiated surface area, water matrix（ultrapure and secondary treated wastewater） and time, were defined as model parameters. A full of 2~5 experimental design was consisted of 32 random experiments. PPL reactor test experiments were carried out in order to set boundary levels for hydraulic, volumetric and defined defined process parameters. TTIP based thin-film with polyethylene glycol ＋ TiO2 additives were fabricated according to pre-described methodology. Antibiotic degradation was monitored by High Performance Liquid Chromatography analysis while the degradation products were specified by LC–TOF-MS analysis. Acute toxicity of untreated and treated SMX solutions was tested by standard Daphnia magna method. Based on the obtained mathematical model, the response of the immobilized PC system is described with a polynomial equation. The statistically significant positive effects are initial SMX concentration,process time and the combined effect of both, while combined effect of water matrix and irradiated surface area displays an adverse effect on the rate of antibiotic degradation by photocatalytic oxidation. Process efficiency and the validity of the acquired mathematical model was also verified for levofloxacin and cefaclor antibiotics. Immobilized PC degradation in PPL reactor configuration was found capable of providing reduced effluent toxicity by simultaneous degradation of SMX parent compound and TBPs.

关键词： Thin-film photocatalysis Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) Levofloxacin (LVX) Cefaclor (CFL) Factorial design Modeling Parallel-plate reactor

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Analysis of fluidized zone in transparent soil under jet induced by pipe leakage

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water Science and Engineering 2023年第2期16卷 203-210页

作者： Li-jie Jiang Bin Zhang Sai-hua Huang Yu Shao College of water resources and environmental Engineering Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric PowerHangzhou 310018China Key Laboratory for Technology in Rural water management of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou 310018China College of Civil Engineering and Architecture Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China

Jets caused by burst tubes erode the surrounding soil, eventually leading to issues such as ground collapse. It is therefore highly important to study the mechanisms of soil erosion caused by jets after pipeline leakage. To investigate the water-soil interaction mechanisms of pipe leakage, this study used transparent soil and developed a three-dimensional experimental device to observe the fluidization process. Changes in the boundary of the fluidization transition area were investigated, and a formula for calculating the soil damage area was derived. The results showed three different shapes of the fluidized cavity appearing in the fluidization process. The particles initially moved upward and then gradually transitioned into a state of backflow. The effects of particle size, upper load, and porosity on fluidization were also analyzed. It was found that soil with a large particle size and a lower porosity under a heavy upper load can effectively restrain fluidization. Therefore, large-diameter and dense soil can be used as pipe-covering material.

关键词： water-soil interaction Fluidized cavity Transparent soil Particle image velocimetry Pipe leakage

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Evaluation, prediction, and protection of water quality in Danjiangkou Reservoir, China

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water Science and Engineering 2015年第1期8卷 30-39页

作者： Xiao-kang Xin Ke-feng Li Brian Finlayson Wei Yin State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering Sichuan University Changjiang water resources Protection Institute Changjiang Water Resources Commission department of Resource management and Geography the University of Melbourne

The water quality in the Danjiangkou Reservoir has attracted considerable attention from the Chinese public and government since the announcement of the Middle Route of the South to North water Diversion Project （SNWDP）, which commenced transferring water in 2014. Integrated research on the evaluation, prediction, and protection of water quality in the Danjiangkou Reservoir was carried out in this study in order to improve environmental management. Based on 120 water samples, wherein 17 water quality indices were measured at 20 monitoring sites, a single factor evaluation method was used to evaluate the current status of water quality. The results show that the main indices influencing the water quality in the Danjiangkou Reservoir are total phosphorus （TP）, permanganate index （CODM,）, dissolved oxygen （DO）, and five-day biochemical oxygen demand （BODs）, and the concentrations of TP, BODs, ammonia nitrogen （NH3--N）, CODM,, DO, and anionic surfactant （Surfa） do not reach the specified standard levels in the tributaries. Seasonal Mann--Kendall tests indicated that the CODMn concentration shows a highly significant increasing trend, and the TP concentration shows a significant increasing trend in the Danjiangkou Reservoir. The distribution of the main water quality indices in the Danjiangkou Reservoir was predicted using a two-dimensional water quality numerical model, and showed that the sphere of influence from the tributaries can spread across half of the Han Reservoir if the pollutants are not controlled. Cluster analysis （CA） results suggest that the Shending River is heavily polluted, that the Jianghe, Sihe, and Jianhe rivers are moderately polluted, and that they should be the focus of environmental remediation.

关键词： water quality Single factor evaluation method Mann--Kendall test Numerical modeling Cluster analysis Dangjiangkou Reservoir

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Adjusting Temperature and Salinity Effects on Single Capacitance Sensors

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Pedosphere 2009年第5期19卷 588-596页

作者： A.FARES M.SAFEEQ D.M.JENKINS department of Natural resources and environmental management University of Hawaii at Manoa department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering University of Hawaii at Manoa

Several newly developed capacitance sensors have simplified real-time determination of soil water *** work has shown that salinity and temperature can affect these sensors,but relatively little has been done to correct these *** objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of media temperature and salinity on the apparent water content measured with a single capacitance sensor(SCS),and to mitigate this effect using a temperature dependent scaled voltage technique under laboratory conditions.A column study was conducted containing two media:pure deionized water and quartz sand under varying water contents(0.05 to 0.30 cm3 cm-3) and salinity(0 to 80 mmol L-1).Media temperature was varied between 5 and 45℃ using an *** SCS probes and thermocouples were placed in the middle of the columns and were logged at an interval of 1 *** was strong negative correlation between sensor reading and temperature of deionized water with a rate of-0.779 mV ℃-*** of SCS apparent output were 0.454 and 0.535 mV ℃-1 for air in heating and cooling cycles,respectively.A similar positive correlation with temperature was observed in sand at different water *** SCS probe was less sensitive to temperature as salinity and water content *** a temperature-corrected voltage calibration model,the effect of temperature was reduced by 98%.An analytical model for salinity correction was able to minimize the error as low as ± 2% over the salinity level tested.

关键词： calibration ECH2O probes quartz sand water content

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Sediment dynamics and temporal variation of runoff in the Yom River,Thailand

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2020年第4期35卷 365-376页

作者： Matharit Namsai Butsawan Bidorn Seree Chanyotha Ruetaitip Mama Nathamon Phanomphongphaisarn department of water resources Engineering Chulalongkorn University WISE Research Unit Chulalongkorn University Bureau of water management and Hydrology Royal Irrigation Department

The Yom River is one of the four major sediment sources to the Chao Phraya River in *** activities and changes in climate over the past six decades may have affected the discharge and sediment load to some *** the current study,the river discharge and sediment characteristics in the mainstream of the Yom River were investigated using the field observation data from 2011 to 2013 and the historical river flow and sediment data from 1954 to 2014 at six hydrological stations operated by the Royal Irrigation department of Thailand(RID).The non-parametric Mann-Kendall test and double mass curve were used to analyze the sediment dynamics and temporal changes in the discharge of the Yom *** results revealed that the sediment was mainly transported in suspension,and the bed-tosuspended sediment loads ratio varied between 0 and *** daily suspended sediment load(SSL)in the upper and middle basins had a strong correlation with the daily discharge and could be represented by power equations with coefficients of determination higher than *** daily suspended sediment load in the lower basin did not directly depend on the corresponding discharge because of the reduction in river slope and water diversion by irrigation *** also appeared that the river discharges and sediment loads were mainly influenced by climate variation(floods and droughts).Moreover,the average sediment transport of the upper,middle,and lower reaches were 0.57,0.71,and 0.35 million t/y,*** sediment load in the lower basin decreased more than 50% as a result of changes in the river gradient(from mountainous to floodplain areas).The results from sediment analysis also indicated that the construction of the Mae Yom Barrage,the longest diversion dam in Thailand,and land-use changes did not significantly affect the sediment load along the Yom River.

关键词： Suspended sediment load Fluvial sediment Chao Phraya River basin Dam construction Climate change Human activities

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Antibacterial potency of housefly larvae extract from sewage sludge through bioconversion

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2013年第9期25卷 1897-1905页

作者： Chaocheng Zheng Lixiang Zhou department of environmental Engineering College of Resources and Environmental Science Nanjing Agricultural University

Use of the fly to convert sewage sludge into nutrient-rich soil conditioner and amendment is an attractive approach for sludge bioconversion. During this process, fecal coliforms, an indicating pathogen, in sludge were reduced to 5.3 × 102 most probable number /g dry solid from initial 3.32 × 106 MPN/g dry solid. It was also found that the extract of larvae grown in sludge during bioconversion have an observable inhibitory effect against bacteria compared to larvae grown in wheat bran as measured by minimum bacterial concentration tests. In vitro antimicrobial assay tests over time also showed that the extract had strong inhibitory efficiencies of ca. 99% against Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Serratia marcescens, while the efficiency was 69% and 57% against Bacillus subtilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae, respectively. The observed pathogenic bacterial cell membrane damage was found to be responsible for the phenomenon mentioned above, with nuclear acids leaching out quickly and alkaline phosphatase increasing in the outer membrane, followed by an increase of β-galactosidase in the inner membrane. Clearly, housefly larvae extract from sewage sludge through bioconversion possesses antibacterial potency against pathogenic bacteria.

关键词： sewage sludge larvae extract anti-bacterial membrane permeability

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Experimental investigation on local shear stress and turbulence intensities over a rough non-uniform bed with and without sediment using 2D particle image velocimetry

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2020年第2期35卷 193-202页

作者： Petr Lichtneger Christine Sindelar Johannes Schobesberger Christoph Hauer Helmut Habersack CD-Laboratory of Sediment Research and management Institute of Water ManagementHydrology and Hydraulic EngineeringDepartment Water-Atmosphere-EnvironmentUniversity of Natural Resources and Life Sciences

The current work focuses on locally resolving velocities,turbulence,and shear stresses over a rough bed with locally non-uniform character.A nonporous subsurface layer and fixed interfacial sublayer of gravel and sand were water-worked to a nature-like bed form and additionally sealed in a hydraulic ***-dimensional Particle Image Velocimetry(2 D-PIV) was applied in the vertical plane of the experimental flume *** with clear water and weak sediment transport were done under slightly supercritical flow to ensure sediment transport conditions without formation of considerable sediment deposits or *** study design included analyzing the double-averaged flow parameters of the entire measurement domain and investigating the flow development at 14 consecutive vertical *** geometrical variabilities as well the presence of sediment were mainly reflected in the vertical velocity *** the vertical velocity decreased over the entire depth in presence of sediment transport,the streamwise velocity profile was reduced only within the interfacial *** the region with decelerating flow conditions,however,the streamwise velocity profile systematically increased along the entire depth *** increase in the main velocity(reduction of flow resistance)correlated with a decrease of the turbulent shear and main normal ***,effects of rough bed smoothening and drag force reduction were experimentally documented within the interfacial sublayer due to mobile ***,the current study leads to the conclusion that in nonuniform flows the maximum Reynolds stress values are a better predictor for the bed shear stress than the linearly extrapolated Reynolds stress *** is an important finding because,in natural flows,uniform conditions are rare.

关键词： Turbulence measurement Local bed shear stress Sediment transport and flow interaction Hydraulic flume experiment Particle image velocimetry

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Electrochemical conversion of methane to bridge the gap in the artificial carbon cycle

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 286-308页

作者： Yuhao Peng Yuefeng Song Ihar Razanau Juanxiu Xiao Wei Xiao Di Hu Guoxiong Wang College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Hubei Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Power Sources Wuhan University State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials) Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Laboratory of Physical-Chemical Technologies SSPA Scientific and Practical Materials Research Centre of NAS of Belarus State Key Laboratory of Marine resources Utilization in South China Sea Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology School of Marine Science and Engineering Hainan University department of Chemical and environmental Engineering University of Nottingham Ningbo China

Methane, an abundant one-carbon（C1） resource, is extensively used in the industrial production of vital fuels and value-added chemicals. However, current industrial methane conversion technologies are energy-and carbon-intensive, mainly due to the high activation energy required to break the inert C–H bond, low selectivity, and problematic side reactions, including CO2emissions and coke deposition. Electrochemical conversion of methane（ECM） using intermittent renewable energy offers an attractive solution, due to its modular reactor design and operational flexibility across a broad spectrum of temperatures and pressures. This review emphasizes conversion pathways of methane in various reaction systems, highlighting the significance and advantages of ECM in facilitating a sustainable artificial carbon cycle. This work provides a comprehensive overview of conventional methane activation mechanisms and delineates the complete pathways of methane conversion in electrolysis contexts. Based on surface/interface chemistry, this work systematically analyzes proposed reaction pathways and corresponding strategies to enhance ECM efficiency towards various target products, including syngas, hydrocarbons, oxygenates, and advanced carbon materials. The discussion also encompasses opportunities and challenges for the ECM process, including insights into ECM pathways, rational electrocatalyst design, establishment of benchmarking protocols, electrolyte engineering, enhancement of CH4conversion rates, and minimization of CO2emission.

关键词： Activation energy

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