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Mobile GIS occupancy audit of Ulana informal settlement in Ekurhuleni municipality, South Africa

Geo-Spatial Information Science 2018年第4期21卷 322-330页

作者： Baleseng Tlholohelo Mokoena Walter Musakwa department of town and regional planning University of JohannesburgDoornfonteinSouth Africa

Relocating people in informal settlements and upgrading the lives of those people requireconsistent commitment, good strategies, and supporting systems. In South Africa, in order toallocate subsidized housing to beneficiaries of an informal settlement, beneficiary administration needs to determine the number of people who qualify for subsidized houses. Withoutgeo-spatial data-based technical verification, conventional methods of occupancy audits areoften cumbersome, are unreliable, and do not promote smart and evidence-based decisionmaking. Accordingly, the aim of this study is to propose and develop an Oracle-based mobileGIS tool to conduct an occupancy audit for Ulana, an informal settlement in EkurhuleniMunicipality in South Africa. Android-based tablets were used to collect the geographicand socio-economic attributes of the informal dwelling units (DU). Spatial analysis (inArcGIS software and geo-spatial modeling environment) and statistical analysis were conducted to produce the occupancy audit. The results indicated that the use of mobile GISprovides up-to-date, accurate, comprehensive, and real-time data so as to facilitate thedevelopment of smart and integrated human settlements. The results of this audit alsoindicated that only 57% of the households residing in Ulana could potentially benefit fromreceiving a subsidized house. Accordingly, the occupancy audit enables planners to planappropriate upgrading and housing development strategies for informal settlement. Thisstudy demonstrates that successful planning of housing delivery for post independentintegrated neighborhoods is not a mere political rhetoric but is viable when it is based onreasonable geo-spatial techniques and information. The use of mobile GIS therefore needs tobe extended to other informal settlement upgrading projects in South Africa as well as othercities in the global south. However, proper professional training is required to ensure thesuccessful usage of smart mobile GIS tools.

关键词： Mobile GIS geo-spatial occupancy audit informal settlements integration smart cities

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Population Growth and Sustainability of Common Property Resource Management Systems in the Eastern Hindu Kush:The Use of Communal Fodder Resources in Mehlp Valley,North Pakistan

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Journal of Mountain Science 2009年第4期6卷 380-393页

作者： Fazlur-Rahman department of Geography Urban & regional planning University of PeshawarUniversity Town

In common property studies,increasing number of users has been considered as a major threat for the long-term sustainability of natural resources. This perception has been true in a few cases. However,the 40-years empirical research conducted in a variety of environmental settings,reveals that population pressure is not the only factor responsible for the degradation of natural resources. In remote areas,where the local inhabitants highly depend on available natural resources for subsistence livelihood,the economically important resources are kept under different ownership regimes. The local inhabitants have established autochthonous insti-tutions,and formulated rules and regulations for proper management of these resources. In this paper an attempt has been made to explore the response of a small fodder user community to the increasing population. For this purpose a micro-level study has been conducted in a remote mountain environment in the eastern Hindu Kush. For this research,data has been collected through fieldwork and focus group discussion. The results of this study reveal that fodder user communities have responded very well to the problem of population pressure. To maintain equity and long-term sustainability they have adopted a number of strategies including changing the ownership,and a resource kept under private ownership at the time of low population has been changed to a common property with increase in population. Based on this study it can be concluded that in mountainous areas and fragile environment the local inhabitant have both the capacity and capability to change their behaviour with regard to changing resource productivity as well as increasing number of users,and this situation does not always lead to the tragedy of commons.

关键词： Mixed mountain agriculture Tragedy of the commons Livelihood strategies Population growth

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Perspectives on geospatial information science education:an example of urban planners in Southern Africa

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2017年第2期20卷 201-208页

作者： Walter Musakwa department of town and regional planning University of JohannesburgDoornfontein CampusJohannesburgSouth Africa

Since the introduction of geographic information systems(GIS)in the 1960s,it has evolved tremendously to an extent that it permeates our daily ***,GIS usage started in the developed countries and now increasingly filtered to developing *** town planning profession was one of the early adopters of *** information is a useful source of data that is needed in urban *** these days of the New Urban Agenda 2030,smart cities are even more required from planners in using geospatial information to face urban challenges such as sustainable urban development and climate *** GIS has promised a lot for urban planning,it has not reached its full ***,many studies have focused on developed countries with limited studies on geospatial information application in municipalities and GIS education from a perspective of developing *** this study,a survey on the usage of geospatial information science(GSIS)in two cities,namely Bulawayo in Zimbabwe and Ekurhuleni in South Africa,was conducted,and an overview of the state of GIS curricula in planning schools is *** results indicate that considerable progress has been made in the application of geospatial information in municipal planning;however,there are impediments limiting the full utilization of geospatial information in local *** impediments include:inadequate GIS curricula in planning schools,lack of resources,and lack of political *** challenges manifest differently in well-resourced municipalities and those with limited *** study proposes planning-relevant GIS curricula to improve the level of GIS use in planning practice.

关键词： Geospatial information science(GSIS) geographic information systems(GIS) urban planning developing countries GIS education municipalities southern africa

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The Role of Aga Khan Rural Support Programme in Rural Development in the Karakorum, Hindu Kush & Himalayan Region: Examples from the Northern Mountainous Belt of Pakistan

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Journal of Mountain Science 2007年第4期4卷 331-343页

作者： Fazlur-Rahman department of Geography Urban & regional planning University of Peshawar University Town 25100 Peshawar NWFP Pakistan

Pakistan is predominantly a mountainous country where rural development activities are characterised by inconsistency, politically motivated short-term projects without proper feedback. Since the inception of the country, the top-down approach has been followed, and the same development plans that were formulated for the plain areas have been extended to the mountains without any modification. In doing so, neither the participation of the local communities was cared for, nor the mountain specificities were considered in the planning process. Moreover, the representation of the local inhabitants was improper and contradictory to the facts. This biased approach has been one of the main causes for the failure of development projects carried out by different agencies of the Government. Contrary to the perception of the state authorities, the mountain communities proved to be more open to accept new approaches and demonstrated the capacity and capability of being a dependable development partner. In this paper, a detailed account of the Aga Khan Rural Support Programme （AKRSP） has been presented to assess and evaluate the approach followed by this non-governmental organisation （NGO）, and the response of the local inhabitants as collaborators in the development process. The achievements of the AKRSP from project planning, implementation and monitoring can be adopted as a model for rural development not only in the plains, but also in the mountainous areas of the developing countries in the world.

关键词： Rural development mountains northern Pakistan Aga Khan Rural Support Programme village organisations

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Social Construction Functions of Consumption Space under Stratification:The Case of Guangzhou

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Chinese Geographical Science 2010年第5期20卷 450-460页

作者： LIN Geng WANG Lianjun ZHANG Xiaoying department of Urban and regional planning/Center for Urban and regional Studies School of Geography and Planning SUN Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China

As Chinese cities rapidly transformed themselves into consumerist societies,the relationship between consumers and consumption space under stratification has become a new research area in the field of urban social *** on a consumer behavior analysis,this study explores the relationship between consumption space and the social strata of consumers in typical shopping malls in Guangzhou where the first shopping mall in China was *** result shows that shopping malls have performed significant constructive functions of organizing consumers from different social classes into different consumption *** middle-and upper-class consumers,the function of shopping malls centers on utilitarian consumption,identity recognition,and identity construction;whereas for lower-class consumers,its function revolves around pleasure and *** symbolism of consumption space is the underlying reason for shopping malls to have their social constructive *** findings of this research suggest that:1) a shopping mall is a productive consumption space and a geographical space with subjectivity;2) the micro-location of a shopping mall has social construction function;and 3) symbolic consumption is the core of social construction.

关键词： consumption space stratification shopping mail social construction social identity symbolic consumption

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Downtown Retailing Development Under Suburbanization——A Case Study of Beijing

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Chinese Geographical Science 2007年第1期17卷 1-9页

作者： CHAI Yanwei SHEN Jie LONG Tao department of Urban and regional planning Peking University Beijing 100871 China

The role of retailing has diminished in the center of cities of Western countries since its heyday in the 1920s. This trend was caused by violent transformations in the economic, social and locational contexts which involve resi- dential suburbanization, as well as new forms of commercial development out of town. As far as transforming China is concerned, the downtown retailing center has also come to turning point of development in the context of suburbaniza- tion. Based on the survey of Beijing residents’ shopping behavior, the present research tends to making clear the actual change and development problem of downtown retailing center. Combining with the macro retailing environment, re- lated influencing factors are further discussed too. Study results show that downtown retailing still plays an important part in resident’s shopping activity. However, with rapid urban sprawl, retailing in urban center has been greatly threatened by booming out-of-town commerce. In the course of such spatial change, the suburbanization of resident, the prevalence of new commercial forms and the change of consumers’ life style all have exerted their own pressure on downtown retailing. But for the special socioeconomic background of development and the support of government policy, it will still keep its vitality of retailing for a long period of time.

关键词： downtown retailing center consumer behavior suburbanization questionnaire survey Beijing

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regional Impact of Cyclone Sidr in Bangladesh: A Multi-Sector Analysis

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2016年第3期7卷 312-327页

作者： Afsana Haque Sarwar Jahan department of Urban and regional planning Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology(BUET)

This research investigates the impact of cyclone Sidr on six regional economic systems of Bangladesh. The study uses secondary data on direct damages and corresponding changes in consumer spending and public/private investment expenditure. It employs input–output modeling and simulates the changes in national and regional output,income, and employment due to cyclone Sidr. Our findings indicate that coastal regions of Bangladesh—Barisal,Chittagong, and Khulna—are more vulnerable to cyclone disaster than are other parts of the country. The cycloneinduced loss of output is highest for Chittagong Division and income and employment losses are greatest in Barisal Division. The most affected sectors are housing services,agriculture, construction, and industrial activities. But sectoral losses vary widely across the regions. This research also finds that the present state of consumer spending and investment expenditure is not great enough to handle cyclone-induced output, income, and employment losses. It argues that investment decisions must consider regional patterns of output, income, and employment losses in different economic sectors to ensure cyclone-resilient development in Bangladesh.

关键词： Bangladesh Cyclone Sidr Input-output model regional impact Sectoral impact

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Institutional Capacity and the Roles of Key Actors in Fire Disaster Risk Reduction: The Case of Ibadan, Nigeria

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2022年第5期13卷 716-728页

作者： Olusegun Joseph Falola Samuel Babatunde Agbola department of Urban and regional planning Lead City UniversityIbadan 200255Oyo StateNigeria department of Urban and regional planning University of IbadanIbadan 200284Oyo StateNigeria

Inefficient and ineffective fire management practices are common to most urban areas of developing *** cities are typical examples of high vulnerability and low preparedness level for fire *** study examined the institutional framework for fire disaster risk reduction(FDRR) and explored the roles of key actors in fire disaster preparedness in Ibadan,a large traditional city in *** study was anchored on the concept of urban governance.A case study research design was adopted using primary and secondary *** data were obtained through field observation aided by a structured checklist and key informant *** were conducted on key officials of the major organs for FDRR-Oyo State Fire Service(OSFS) and Oyo State Emergency Management Agency(OYSEMA).The study identified a disjointed and fragmented approach to fire *** relating to fire risk reduction and disaster recovery were domiciled under the OYSEMA,while emergency response to fire disasters was the prerogative of the *** results show that only five out of 11 local government areas had public fire stations;only three fire stations had an on-site water supply;three fire stations lacked firefighting vehicles;and distribution of fire stations and facilities was *** fire stations responded to 80% of all fire cases in 12 *** study concluded that the institutional structure and resources for fire risk reduction was more empowered to respond to fire disaster,rather than facilitating preparedness capacity to reduce disaster risk.

关键词： Disaster preparedness Disaster risk Fire disaster Fire service Fire station

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Impact of Temporal Population Distribution on Earthquake Loss Estimation:A Case Study on Sylhet,Bangladesh

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2014年第4期5卷 296-312页

作者： Sharmin Ara department of Urban and regional planning Chittagong University of Engineering and TechnologyChittagong 4349Bangladesh

To estimate human loss in an earthquake-prone area, it is necessary to analyze the role played by the spatiotemporal distribution of the area’s resident population. In order to evaluate earthquake impact, this article focuses on the spatiotemporal distribution of population and five scenario earthquakes that form the basis for loss estimation in the city of Sylhet, Bangladesh. Four temporal contexts(weekday, weekly holiday, the 30 days of Ramadan, and strike days) expand the more typical daytime and nighttime settings in which to examine hazard risk. The population distribution for every 2 hour interval in a day is developed for each type of day. A relationship between the occupancy classes and average space(persons per 100 m^2)is used to distribute people in each building regardless of building locations. A total daytime and nighttime population is obtained for each building and the estimated nighttime population is used to model the population for four temporal scenarios in a year based on different factors and weights. The resulting data are employed to estimate population loss for each of the temporal and earthquake scenarios. This study used building-specific human vulnerability curves developed by the Central American Probabilistic Risk Assessment(CAPRA) to obtain possible loss of life estimates. The results reveal that there is a high positive correlation between the spatiotemporal distribution of population and the potential number of casualties.

关键词： Bangladesh CAPRA Distribution modeling Earthquake loss estimation Spatiotemporal population distribution Temporal scenarios

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Measuring the Green Infrastructure Resilience in Turkey

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Chinese Journal of Urban and Environmental Studies 2021年第3期9卷 19-38页

作者： KARABAKAN Berfin MERT Yelda department of City and regional planning Izmir Institute of Technology department of City and regional planning ?skenderun Technical University (ISTE)

Cities today face significant difficulties and even risks due to the negative effects of climate change, uncontrolled urbanization, and rapid population growth. Many urban scenarios are being developed to mitigate potential risks and threats. One branch of these scenarios is built upon the concept of sustainability, for which the notion of “resilience” is of utmost importance. It is this notion of resilience that was examined in this study, based on the case of socio-ecological system features of Edremit, Van, Turkey. These features were evaluated in terms of changes that will potentially take place, and the analysis for this was performed using the Green Infrastructure Spatial planning(GISP) method. In this approach, green infrastructure benefit criteria are mapped in the Geographic Information System(GIS) environment and various conclusions are drawn from the evaluation of these maps. The results of the study show that the green infrastructure systems of Edremit play an important role in providing a certain degree of resilience. It was, therefore, revealed as part of this study that measuring and evaluating the resilience properties of different cities is important. Also, urban policies and spatial strategies should be defined considering local characteristics and values as there is no one-size-fits-all solution in this regard.

关键词： Resilience urbanization urban resilience socio-ecological systems green infrastructure systems sustainability

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