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Distribution and conservation of near threatened plants in China

Plant Diversity 2023年第3期45卷 272-283页

作者： Qin Liu Tian-Tian Xue Xiao-Xia Zhang Xu-Dong Yang Fei Qin Wen-Di Zhang Lei Wu Rainer W.Bussmann Sheng-Xiang Yu State Key Laboratory of systematic and Evolutionary botany Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China College of Forestry Central South University of Forestry and TechnologyChangsha 410004China College of Life Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Institute of botany and Bakuriani Alpine Botanical Garden Ilia State UniversityBotanical Str.1Tbilisi 0105Georgia department of botany State Museum for Natural History KarlsruheErbprinzenstraße 13Karlsruhe 76133Germany

Plants classified as Near Threatened(NT) are at high risk of becoming threatened because of anthropogenic interference and climate *** in conservation efforts,such species have however long been ***,we obtained 98,419 precise occurrence points for 2442 NT plants in China,and used species richness,species complementarity,and weighted endemism that consider all,endemic and narrow-ranged species in order to identify the diversity hotspots of NT *** we evaluated the conservation effectiveness of current nature reserves for *** results indicate that the diversity hotspots of NT plants were mainly confined to southwestern and southern China,and only 35.87% of hotspots and 71.5% of species were protected by nature *** hotspots in southwestern China(e.g.,Sichuan,Yunnan,Guangxi,and Hainan) were identified as conservation *** that NT plants include large proportions of endemic and narrow-ranged species,they represent an important value in conservation ***,more conservation efforts in the future should be tilted towards NT ***,when comparing with the recently updated NT list,there are already 87 species raised to threatened categories,while 328 species were lowered to least concern,56 species were now categorized as data deficient,and 119 species considered as uncertain due to changes of scientific *** is essential to carry out a continuous assessment of species’ threatened categories to realize targeting conservation.

关键词： Conservation Distribution patterns Diversity hotspots Nature reserves Red list Near threatened species

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Tree species diversity and stand structure along major community types in lowland primary and secondary moist deciduous forests in Tripura,Northeast India

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Journal of Forestry Research 2012年第4期23卷 553-568页

作者： Koushik Majumdar Uma Shankar Badal Kumar Datta Plant Taxonomy and biodiversity Laboratory Department of BotanyTripura UniversitySuryamaninagar-799130TripuraIndia Ecosystem Research Laboratory Centre for Advanced Studies in BotanySchool of Life ScienceNorth-Eastern Hill UniversityShillong-793022MeghalayaIndia

Tree species diversity and population structure at different community types were described and analyzed for primary and secondary lowland moist deciduous forests in Tripura. Overall 10,957 individual trees belonging to 46 family, 103 genera and 144 species were counted at ≥30 cm DBH （diameter at breast height） using 28 permanent belt transects with a size of 1 ha （10 m × 1000 m）. Four different tree communities were identified. The primary forests was dominated by Shorea robusta （mean density 464.77 ***^-1, 105 species） and Schima wallichii （336.25 ***^-1, 82 species）, while the secondary forests was dominated by Tectona grandis （333.88 ***^-1, 105 species） and Hevea brasiliensis （299.67 ***^-1, 82 species）. Overall mean basal area in this study was ***^-1; the maximum value was recorded in primary Shorea forest （26.21 ***^-1）. Mean density and diversity indices were differed significantly within four different communities. No significant differences were observed in number of species, genera, family and tree basal cover area. Significant relationships were found between the species richness and different tree population groups across the communities. Results revealed that species diversity and density were increased in those forests due to past disturbances which resulted in slow accumu- lation of native oligarchic small tree species. Seventeen species were recorded with 〈2 individuals of which Saraca asoka （Roxb.） de Wilde and Entada phaseoloides （L.） Men＇. etc. extensively used in local ethnomedicinal formulations. The present S. robusta Gaertn dominated forest was recorded richer （105 species） than other reported studies. Moraceae was found more speciose family instead of Papilionaceae and Euphorbiaceae than other Indian moist deciduous forests. Seasonal phenological gap in such moist deciduous forests influenced the population of Trachypithecus pileatus and capped langur. The analysis of FIV suggested a slow trend of shifting the p

关键词： diversity and stand structure moist deciduous forest species conservation tree community types

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Integrating Early Cretaceous fossils into the phylogeny of living angiosperms:Magnoliidae and eudicots

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Journal of systematics and Evolution 2010年第1期48卷 1-35页

作者： James A.DOYLE Peter K.ENDRESS department of Evolution and Ecology University of California DavisCA 95616 USA Institute of systematic botany University of Zurich 8008 ZurichSwitzerland

Over the past 25 years, discoveries of Early Cretaceous fossil flowers, often associated with pollen and sometimes with vegetative parts, have revolutionized our understanding of the morphology and diversity of early ***, few of these fossils have been integrated into the increasingly robust phylogeny of living angiosperms based primarily on molecular *** remedy this situation, we have used a morphological dataset for living basal angiosperms(including basal eudicots and monocots) to assess the most parsimonious positions of early angiosperm fossils on cladograms of Recent plants, using constraint trees that represent the current range of hypotheses on higher-level relationships, and concentrating on Magnoliidae(the clade including Magnoliales, Laurales, Canellales, and Piperales) and *** magnoliids, our results confirm proposed relationships of Archaeanthus(latest Albian?) to Magnoliaceae, Endressinia(late Aptian) to Magnoliales(the clade comprising Degeneria, Galbulimima, Eupomatia, and Annonaceae), and Walkeripollis pollen tetrads(late Barremian?) to Winteraceae, but they indicate that Mauldinia(early Cenomanian) was sister to both Lauraceae and Hernandiaceae rather than to Lauraceae *** middle Albian to early Cenomanian eudicots, we confirm relationships of Nelumbites to Nelumbo, platanoid inflorescences and Sapindopsis to Platanaceae, and Spanomera to *** the possible exception of Archaeanthus, these fossils are apparently not crown group members of living families but rather stem relatives of one or more families.

关键词： angiosperms Cretaceous eudicots flowers Magnoliidae paleobotany phylogeny pollen.

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Genetic Characterization of Indigenous Rice Varieties in Eastern Himalayan Region of Northeast India

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Rice science 2014年第2期21卷 90-98页

作者： Baharul Islam CHOUDHURY Mohammed Latif KHAN Selvadurai DAYANANDAN Forest and Evolutionary Genomics Laboratory and Centre for Structural and Functional GenomicsBiology DepartmentConcordia University Québec Centre for biodiversity Sciences 1205 Dr.Penfield Avenue MontréalQC department of Forestry North Eastern Regional Institute of Science & Technology department of botany Dr.Harisingh Gour Central University

The eastern Himalayan region of Northeast （NE） India is home to a large number of indigenous rice varieties, which are traditionally classified as Oryza sativa subspecies indica, japonica or intermediate types. The classification based on traditional Cheng’s index is often inconclusive due to phenotypic plasticity of morphological characters, which are influenced by environmental conditions. We used molecular markers specific for indica and japonica subspecies to assess the degree of genetic relatedness of indigenous rice varieties in NE India. The results revealed that majority of upland （jum） and glutinous rice varieties, traditionally considered as japonica, were genetically close to the subspecies indica. All varieties of boro ecotype were found to be indica type, and only a few varieties cultivated in lowland and upland areas were japonica type. Some of the lowland varieties of the sali ecotype were intermediate between indica and japonica, and they showed a closer genetic affinity to O. rufipogon.

关键词： classification genetic characterization insertion and deletion marker indica japonica O. sativa

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Pollen morphology in Saxifraga(Saxifragaceae) from Ny-Alesund, Svalbard, Arctic, and its taxonomic significance

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Advances in Polar Science 2014年第2期25卷 105-112页

作者： YAO Yifeng Bera Subir Ferguson David Kay LI Chengsen State Key Laboratory of systematic and Evolutionary botany Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences department of botany University of Calcutta department of Paleontology University of Vienna

Pollen morphology of eight species of Saxifraga, i.e.S, cespitosa, S. oppositifolia, S. cernua, S. nivalis, S. aizoides, S. rivularis, S. hieraciifolia, and S. hirculus, collected from Ny-Alesund, Svalbard, Arctic was examined using light and scanning electron microscopy. Pollen grains of Saxifraga species are subprolate or prolate, 3-colpate, 15.4-44.4 μm in the polar axis, 11.4 34.6 μm in the equatorial axis, and show a P/E ratio 1.19-1.40. On the basis of exine ornamentation, four pollen types, viz., the S. oppositifolia type （striate without scabrae on the muff）, S. cernua type （striate with scabrae on the muri）, S. nivalis type （microreticulate and operculum absent）, and S. cespitosa type （microechinate and operculum present）, were recognized. Hierarchical cluster analysis of the pollen morphological characters indicated that pollen morphology supports the infrageneric classification of the genus Saxifraga.

关键词： Arctic Ny-Alesund pollen morphology Saxifraga Svalbard

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Phylotranscriptomic insights into Asteraceae diversity,polyploidy,and morphological innovation

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2021年第7期63卷 1273-1293页

作者： Caifei Zhang Chien‐Hsun Huang Mian Liu YiHu Jose L.Panero Federico Luebert Tiangang Gao Hong Ma State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological EngineeringInstitute of Biodiversity SciencesInstitute of Plant BiologyCenter for Evolutionary BiologySchool of Life SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai 200438China department of Biology the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciencesthe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennslyvania 16802USA department of Integrative Biology The University of TexasUniversity Station C0930AustinTexas 78712USA Institut für Bodiversität der Pflanzen Universität BonnBonn D–53115Germany department of Silviculture and Nature Conservation University of ChileSantiago 9206Chile State Key Laboratory of Evolutionary and systematic botany Institute of Botanythe Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China

biodiversity is not evenly distributed among relatedgroups,raising questions about the factors con-tributing to such *** sunflower family(Asteraceae,>26,000 species)is among the largestand most diverse plant families,but its species di-versity is concentrated in a few subfamilies,pro-viding an opportunity to study the factors *** analyses here of244 transcriptomes and genomes produced a phy-logeny with strong support for the monophyly ofAsteraceae and the monophyly of most subfamiliesand *** phylogeny provides a reference fordetecting changes in diversification rates and pos-sible factors affecting Asteraceae diversity,whichinclude global climate shifts,whole‐genome dupli-cations(WGDs),and morphological *** of Asteraceae was estimated at~83 Mya,with most subfamilies having diverged before theCretaceous–Paleocene ***-scriptomic analyses supported the existence of 41WGDs in *** to herbaceousnessand capitulescence with multipleflower‐like capitula,often with distinctflorets and scaly pappus/re-ceptacular bracts,are associated with multiple up-shifts in diversification *** might have con-tributed to the survival of early Asteraceae byproviding new genetic materials to support mor-phological *** resulting competitive ad-vantage for adapting to different niches would haveincreased biodiversity in Asteraceae.

关键词： biodiversity compositae morphological characterevolution phylogeny transcriptome whole‐genome duplication

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Genomic insights into hybridization in a localized region of sympatry between pewee sister species(Contopus sordidulus × C. virens) and their chromosomal patterns of differentiation

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Chinese Birds 2016年第1期7卷 48-55页

作者： Joseph D.Manthey Mark B.Robbins biodiversity Institute University of Kansas department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Kansas

Background: The Great Plains of the United States includes a large number of hybrid and contact zones between bird species. The amount of gene flow between sister species in these zones ranges from very rare hybridization events to widespread and prevalent introgression. Some of these avian systems have been studied extensively, while others have been indeterminate of whether hybridization exists in areas of sympatry. Using genomic-level approaches allows investigation of genomic patterns of hybridization and gene flow between species—or lack ***: We investigated a narrow zone of sympatry in Nebraska, USA between pewee species(Contopus sordidulus and C. virens), for which no hybridization has been confirmed. We used thousands of single nucleotide polymorphisms to identify potential hybridization and investigate genomic patterns of differentiation between these two ***: We found evidence of multiple hybrid individuals in the contact zone. Little genomic variation was fixed between species, but a large proportion had differentiated allele frequencies between species. There was a positive relationship between genetic differentiation and chromosome ***: We provided the first conclusive evidence of hybridization between C. sordidulus and C. virens, in a region where secondary contact likely occurred due to human disturbance and habitat modification. The genomic patterns of differentiation affirm that these species split in the relatively recent past. Finally, the relationship of chromosome size and genetic differentiation may have resulted from differential rates of chromosomal recombination in songbirds and genetic differentiation between species largely due to genetic drift(possibly in concert with selection).

关键词： Contact zone Hybrid zone Hybridization Chromosomal patterns Next-generation sequencing Contopus North America

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Traditional grazing management creates heterogeneous swards and fosters grasshopper densities

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Insect Science 2022年第6期29卷 1805-1818页

作者： Cinja Schwarz Thomas Fartmann department of biodiversity and Landscape Ecology Faculty of Biology and ChemistryOsnabruck UniversityOsnabruckGermany

Common pastures were once the dominant type of land use in many Euro-pean ***,during the past 150 years,they have declined *** studies have shown that they are hotspots for rare plant,butterfly,and bird species in the study area,the Bavarian pre-Alps(southern Germany).However,studies on the value of these pastures for Orthoptera(hereinafter termed"grasshoppers")have been ***,we studied the effects of traditional summer grazing in common pastures on grasshopper *** study revealed that grasshopper species richness did not differ between common pastures(n=57)and controls(n=57).By contrast,density of all and of threat-ened species varied between common pastures and controls in all plots and within the two vegetation types with the highest grasshopper abundance,grasslands on mineral soil and *** threatened species,Pseudochorthippus montanus and Stethophyma grossum,were identified as indicators for common pastures;controls had no indicative *** low-intensity grazing in common pastures has resulted in open and heteroge-neous swards with some bare ground,a low cover of litter and an intermediate vegetation height favouring high densities of grasshopper species in general and threatened species in *** is especially true for the two most productive vegetation types,grasslands on mineral soil and *** promote biodiversity in general and grasshopper densities in particular,we recommend maintaining traditional cattle grazing(stocking capacities:0.5-2.0 livestock units/ha)in common *** possible,this grazing regime should also be introduced in the surrounding landscape.

关键词： biodiversity conservation common pasture habitat heterogeneity insect abundance land-usechange mire ecosystem

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Floristic diversity and composition of the Biteyu forest in the Gurage mountain chain (Ethiopia): implications for forest conservation

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Journal of Forestry Research 2019年第1期30卷 319-335页

作者： Talemos Seta Sebsebe Demissew Zerihun Woldu department of Plant Biology and biodiversity Management (DPBBM) Addis Ababa University department of Biology Dilla University

The Afromontane forests of Ethiopia have been under a serious degradation threat. Assessment of floristic diversity and species composition in Biteyu forest of Gurage mountain chain in the central Ethiopia was conducted to examine the pattern of forest structure. Thirty plots of 30 m×30 m were used to record the vegetation and environmental data using systematic sampling technique. The local name, plant scientific names, DBH, height,species abundance and percentage canopy cover of plant species were recorded. Shannon diversity index and Sorensen's coefficients was used for comparison among communities and similar forests in the country. Threats to the forest biodiversity in Biteyu were determined by counting cattle interference and wood stumps as disturbance indicators. Relative Euclidean Distance measures by using Ward's method(linkage) was applied for cluster analysis. Environmental variables were also recorded in each plot. Woody species population structure, basal area and importance value index were analyzed using spreadsheet programs. Data on species distribution and environmental variables in the forest were analyzed by canonical correspondence analysis. A total of 190 species in 154 genera under 73 families were identified. Twenty species were found to be endemic taxa to the Flora Area. Only three plant community types were identified from the cluster analysis due to the high human influence. The Sorensen's coefficient showed the resemblance of the Biteyu forest with other Dry Evergreen Afromontane forests in the country. Moreover, altitude and slope strongly affect the species composition and structure of Biteyu forest. Given the high anthropogenic influence, high endemism, high dependence of the local community on the forest resources, forest conservation and restoration measures should be done by stakeholders.

关键词： Biteyu forest Forest conservation Forest structure Plant community Threats

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Prolongation structure for nonlinear integrable couplings of a KdV soliton hierarchy

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Chinese Physics B 2012年第11期21卷 18-23页

作者： Yu Fa-Jun School of Mathematics and systematic Sciences Shenyang Normal UniversityShenyang 110034China

In this paper, a new nonlinear integrable coupling system of the soliton hierarchy is presented. Prom the Lax pairs, the coupled KdV equations are constructed successfully. Based on the prolongation method of Wahlquis... 详细信息

关键词： nonlinear integrable coupling system prolongation structure KdV soliton hierarchy

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