检索结果-南通市图书馆

Chemical composition and Zn bioavailability of the soil solution extracted from Zn amended variable charge soils

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2010年第9期22卷 1398-1406页

作者： Mariavittoria Zampella Paola Adamo department of Soil Plant Environmental and Animal Production Sciences University of Naples Federico II

A study on variable charge soils （volcanic Italian and podzolic Scottish soils） was performed to investigate the influence of soil properties on the chemical composition of soil solution. Zinc speciation, bioavallability and toxicity in the soil solution were examined. The soils were spiked with increasing amounts of Zn （0, 100, 200, 400 and 1000 mg/kg） and the soil solutions were extracted using rhizon soil moisture samplers. The pH, total organic carbon （TOC）, base cations, anions, total Zn and free Zn^2＋ in soil solution were analysed. A rapid bioassay with the luminescent bacterium Escherichia coli HB 101 pUCD607 was performed to assess Zn toxicity. The influence of soil type and Zn treatments on the chemical composition of soil solution and on Zn toxicity was considered and discussed. Different trends of total and free Zn concentrations, base cations desorption and luminescence of E. coli HB 101 pUCD607 were observed. The soil solution extracted from the volcanic soils had very low total and free Zn concentrations and showed specific Zn^2＋/Ca^2＋ exchange. The soil solution from the podzolic soil had much higher total and free Zn concentrations and showed no evidence of specific Zn^2＋/Ca^2＋ exchange. In comparison with the subalkaline volcanic soils, the acidic podzol showed enhanced levels of toxic free Zn^2＋ and consequently stronger effects on E. coli viability.

关键词： rhizosamplers chemical speciation fractionation ecotoxicological test

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal association in Asteraceae plants growing in the arid lands of Saudi Arabia

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Arid Land 2015年第5期7卷 676-686页

作者： Partha P DHAR Abdul A AL-QARAWI Mohammed A U MRIDHA plant production department College of Food and Agricultural Sciences King Saud University

The present research was undertaken to explor the possibility of arbuscular mycorrhizal （AM） associa- tion with Asteraceae plants in the arid lands of Saudi Arabia （AI-Ghat, Buraydah, Thumamah and Huraymila）. AM fungal colonization in the roots, spore numbers in the rhizosphere soil, fungal species diversity and correlation between AM properties and soil properties were determined. The highest colonization was in Conyza bonariensis （65%） from AI-Ghat, Anthemis cotula （52%） from Buraydah and C. bonariensis （53%） from Thumamah. The lowest was in Vernonia schimperi （41%） from AI-Ghat, Pulicaria undulata （25%） from Buraydah, Acanthospermum his- pidum （34%） from Thumamah, Asteriscus graveolens （22%） and V. schimperi （22%） from Huraymila. Vesicular and arbuscular colonization were also presented in all plant species examined. The number of spores were 112-207 in AI-Ghat, 113-133 in Buraydah, 87-148 in Thumamah and 107-158 in Huraymila. Funneliformis mosseae, Glomus etunicatum, G. fasciculatum and G aggregatum were identified. Relative frequency of AM fungal species varied widely and was irrespective of location and plant species. Diversity index varied with the rhizosphere soils of dif- ferent plant species at various locations. Soil properties varied with locations and no distinct correlations were ob- served among the soil properties, root colonization and the number of spores. The results of the present study specified the association of AM fungi in different plants of Asteraceae and its significance in the ecological func- tioning of annual plants in the punitive environments of the rangelands in Saudi Arabia.

关键词： arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi arid land Asteraceae biodiversity colonization Saudi Arabia

Towards sustainable intensification of apple production in China—Yield gaps and nutrient use effi ciency in apple farming systems

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2016年第4期15卷 716-725页

作者： WANG Na Joost Wolf ZHANG Fu-suo plant production Systems Department of Plant Sciences Wageningen University Center for Resources Environment and Food Security China Agricultural University

China is in a dominant position in apple production globally with both the largest apple growing area and the largest export of fresh apple fruits. However, the annual productivity of China＇s apple is significantly lower than that of other dominant apple producing countries. In addition, apple production is based on excessive application of chemical fertilizers and the nutrient use efficiency （especially nitrogen） is therefore low and the nutrient emissions to the environment are high. Apple production in China is considerably contributes to farmers＇ incomes and is important as export product. There is an urgent need to enhance apple productivity and improve nutrient use efficiencies in intensive apple production systems in the country. These can be attained by improved understanding of production potential, yield gaps, nutrient use and best management in apple orchards. To the end, priorities in research on apple production systems and required political support are described which may lead to more sustainable and environmental-friendly intensification of apple production in China.

关键词： apple production China environmental problems nutrient use efficiency potential yield sustainableintensification yield gaps

Effects of Soluble Silicate and Nanosilica Application on Rice Nutrition in an Oxisol

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Pedosphere 2018年第4期28卷 597-606页

作者： Rita de Cassia FELIX ALVAREZ Renato de Mello PRADO Guilherme FELISBERTO Angelica Cristina FERNANDES DEUS Raimundo Leonardo LIMA DE OLIVEIRA Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul Chapadao do Sul 79560-000 (Brazil) University of the State of Sao Paulo UNESP School of Agronomic Sciences Department of Soils and Fertilizers Jaboticabal 14884-900 (Brazil)

Silicon （Si） has been supplied to plants via application of calcium silicate to soil; however, high doses of calcium silicate are required because of its low solubility. Nanoparticles can reduce Si doses and be applied to seeding furrows. This study investigated the effects of liquid Si sources, i.e., highly soluble silicate （115.2 g L^-1 Si and 60.5 g L^-1 Na20） and nanosilica （〈 200 nm）, on Si uptake by rice plants, plant lignification, plant C：N：P stoichiometry, plant physiology, and grain yield using an Oxisol under greanhouse condistions. The treatments included the application of nanosilica and soluble silicate to seeding furrows at Si doses of 0, 605, 1210, and 2 420 g ha^-1. plant uptake and treatment effects were evaluated by measuring C and lignin contents, Si, N, and P accumulation, physiological characteristics, and grain yield of rice. The deposition of silica bodies and amorphous silica in the flag leaves was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. Application of liquid Si increased Si accumulation in rice by 47.3% in relation to the control （0 g ha^-1 Si）, regardless of the Si sources used. Nanosilica application increased leaf lignin content by 112.7% when compared to that in the control. Silicon moderately affected the net C assimilation （increased by 1.83%） and transpiration rates （increased by 48.3%）; however, Si influenced neither plant growth nor grain yield of rice. These results are explained by the lack of biotic or abiotic stress in rice plants during the experiment. To the best of our knowledge, in Brazilian agriculture, this is the first report on the use of nanosilica as a Si fertilizer and its effect on plant nutrition. This study provides evidence that rice plants absorb and accumulate nanoparticles; however, further studies are required to investigate the use of nanoparticles in other plant species.

关键词： C:N:P stoichiometry grain yield leaf lignin net C assimilation plant physiology silicon source

Effects of Rate and Source Organo-Mineral Material on Forage Yield and Nutritive Value of Barley-Pea Mixed under Arid Conditions

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2022年第7期91卷 1483-1493页

作者： Walid Soufan Nasser A.Al-Suhaibani plant production department College of Food and Agriculture SciencesKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11451Saudi Arabia

Cereal-legume intercropping plays a vital role in the subsistence food production system that prevails in the arid *** not only provides profitable crop productivity for agricultural communities but also plays an important role in improving soil ***,the present research was conducted to assess the effect of the organic and mineral fertilizers on the forage yield and nutritional value in barley-pea intercropping *** results revealed that the quality of forage grass is significantly influenced by both organic and inorganic ***,organic fertilizer application has significantly influenced the dry matter(DM),crude ash(CA),crude protein(CP),neutral detergent fiber(NDF),and acid detergent fiber(ADF).Among the treatments,organic fertilizer added at rate of 35 m^(−3) ha^(−1) produced the maximum fresh and dry matter in barley and *** addition,the same level of organic fertilizer also improved silage composition by significantly increasing the protein and fiber content and showed highest the *** on overall results,it is concluded that organic fertilizer treatment(35 m^(−3) ha^(−1))has the potential as an effective strategy to improve the productivity and nutritional quality of the barley-pea intercropping system in arid *** results revealed that organic fertilizer can be utilized in sustainable agricultural as a source of nutrients for numerous various crops under arid conditions.

关键词： Organic fertilizer barley pea yield quality hay silage

The influence of potassium to mineral fertilizers on the maize health

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2016年第6期15卷 1286-1292页

作者： Jan Bocianowski Piotr Szulc Anna Tratwal Kamila Nowosad Dariusz Piesik department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods Poznań University of Life Sciences department of Agronomy Poznań University of Life Sciences department of Pests Methods Forecasting and plant Protection Economy Institute of Plant Protection–National Research Institute department of Genetics Plant Breeding and Seed Production Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences department of Entomology and Molecular Phytopathology UTP University of Science and Technology

Field experiments （2009-2011） were conducted at the department of Agronomy at Poznar~ University of Life Sciences on the fields of the Research Institute in Swadzim. We evaluated the health of maize plants of two types, depending on the variations in mineral fertilization. The conducted research recorded the occurrence of pests such as oscinella frit （Oscinella frit L.） and the European corn borer （Pyrausta nubilalis Hbn.）. Diseases recorded during the research included two patho- genes： Fusarium （Fusarium ssp.） and corn smut （Ustilago maydis Corda）. It was shown that the meteorological conditions during the maize vegetation had a significant influence on the occurrence of pests. Adding potassium to mineral fertilizers increased the maize resistance to Fusarium. Cultivation of ＂stay-green＂ cultivar shall be considered as an element of in- tegrated maize protection. The occurrence of oscineUa flit was correlated with the occurrence of Fusarium as well as the occurrence of the European corn borer for both examined cultivars.

关键词： cultivars maize diseases mineral fertilization pests

Effect of an Anionic Surfactant on Hydraulic Conductivities of Sodium- and Calcium-Saturated soils

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Pedosphere 2006年第5期16卷 673-680页

作者： RAO Pin-Hua HE Ming YANG Xian ZHANG You-Chi SUN Shou-Qin WANG Jiang-Sheng department of Resource and Environmental Sciences Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai 201101 （China） Design department of Binnan Oil production plant SINOPEC Shengli Oilfield Company Binzhou 256606 （China）

The effect of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS), an anionic surfactant used widely in household products and industrial processes, on saturated hydraulic conductivities (Ksat) of an Anthrosol saturated with sodium (Na-soil) or calcium (Ca-soil) was analyzed in a laboratory experiment using the constant head method, and adsorption and dispersion experiments were also conducted to infer the possible mechanisms of Ksat fluctuations. The results showed that SDBS was more intensely adsorbed in the Ca-soil than in the Na-soil. With an increase in the SDBS concentration, the stability of the Na-soil suspensions decreased when the SDBS concentration was less than 1.2 mmol L-1 and then above this concentration, increased markedly, while the stability of the Ca-soil suspensions increased gradually at all SDBS concentrations studied. With an increase in the SDBS concentration, the Ksat of the Na-soil increased, which resulted mainly from the increase of water channels in the soil because of the coagulation of the soil particles, while the Ksat of Ca-soil decreased mainly on account of the clogging of partial water channels by precipitated Ca(DBS)2 and the fine soil particles generated.

关键词： adsorption anionic surfactant calcium-saturated soil hydraulic conductivity sodium-saturated soil

Analysis of Carbon Functional Groups in Mobile Humic Acid and Recalcitrant Calcium Humate Extracted from Eight US soils

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Pedosphere 2013年第6期23卷 705-716页

作者： HE Zhong-Qi CAO Xiao-Yan MAO Jing-Dong T.OHNO H.M.WALDRIP USDA-ARS Southern Regional Research Center department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Old Dominion University department of plant Soiland Environmental SciencesUniversity of Maine USDA-ARS Conservation and Production Research Laboratory

Solid state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR） spectroscopy is a common tool to study the structure of soil humic fractions; however, knowledge regarding carbon structural relationships in humic fractions is limited. In this study, mobile humic acid （MHA） and recalcitrant calcium humate （CallA） fractions were extracted from eight soils collected from six US states and representing a variety of soils and ecoregions, characterized by this spectroscopic technique and analyzed for statistical significance at P 〈 0.05. We found that the abundances of COO and N-C=O functional groups in the MHA fractions were negatively correlated to soil sand content, but were positively correlated to silt, total N and soil organic carbon contents. In contrast, the abundances of the COO and N-C=O functional groups were only positively correlated to the content of clay in the CallA fractions, indicating that the two humic fractions were associated with different soil components. The two 13C NMR peaks representing alkyls and OCH3/NCH were negatively correlated to the peaks representing aromatics, aromatic C-O and N-C=O/COO. Comparison of the sets of data from 13C NMR spectroscopy and ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry revealed that the aromatic components identified by the two methods were highly consistent. The comparison further revealed that protein in MHA was associated with, or bound to, the nonpolar alkyl groups, but a component competitively against （or complementary to） aromatic groups in the MHA composition. These observations provided insight on the internal correlations of the functional groups of soil humic fractions.

关键词： correlation analysis humic substances nuclear magnetic resonance soil organic matter ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry

Biomass-glycerol briquettes are not necessarily mechanically stable and energetically effective

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Waste Disposal and Sustainable Energy 2020年第4期2卷 291-303页

作者： Bruno Rafael de Almeida Moreira Ronaldo da Silva Viana Samuel Dias Moreira Monique dos Santos Lima Anderson Chagas Magalhães Celso Tadao Miasaki JoséClaudio Caraschi department of Phytosanitary Rural Engineering and SoilsSchool of EngineeringSão Paulo State University(Unesp)Ilha SolteiraSão PauloBrazil department of plant production College of Agricultural and Technological SciencesSão Paulo State University(Unesp)DracenaBrazil São Paulo State University(Unesp) ItapevaSão PauloBrazil

The re-use of glycerol from biodiesel industry as an alternative lubricant for making high-performance briquettes is ***,the technical performance of this agro-industrial residue is not *** study outlines,accordingly,the real risk of introducing glycerol into the co-briquetting of highly caloric by-products of *** production of hybrid briquettes consisted of pressing mixtures of residues of sugarcane and sorghum with the liquid additive at 10,20,and 30 wt.%in bench-scale hydraulic piston presser *** of the blend,briquettes containing the supplement at the highest level as part of their composition ended up being much more hygroscopic(20.10%)and less energetic(3.15 GJ m^(−3)).The explanation for the negative impact of glycerol on the thermomechanical behavior of briquettes would be overconcen-tration of additive capable of effectively defying compacting *** degree of compaction during co-briquetting has likely gone down quickly with a maximizing level of *** long as the additive is not able to lubricate the feedstock suitably,improbability of biomass particles to successfully bond together to form themselves into mechanically stable and energetically effective briquettes is *** lower density(273.80 kg m^(−3))and higher relaxation(22.75%),briquettes with glycerol at 30 wt.%generally were aesthetically ***,these products resisted no longer to handling,transportation,and *** lost their shape easily during emptying and shifting them,thus,releasing larger quanti-ties of biomass to the *** evidence of high-viscosity glycerol capable of limiting safe and effective production of high-performance briquettes for heating and power exists.

关键词： Additive Agro-residues Densification Biosolids Waste-to-energy