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Impact of industrial wastewater disposal on surface water bodies in Mostord area, North Greater Cairo

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2001年第4期13卷 485-490页

作者： M.F.Abdel Sabour 1, F.H.Rabie 2, T.Mostafa 3, S.A.Hassan 4 (1 Soil and water Pollution Unit, Nuclear Research Center, Egypt. 2 Soil department, Faculty of Agricultural, Ain Shams University, Egypt 3 soils, water and Environment Research Instit Soil and water Pollution Unit Nuclear Research Center 埃及 Ain Shams University 埃及 soils Water and Environment Research Institute ARC 埃及 soils Water and Environment Research InstituteARC 埃及

The studied area (Shoubra El Khima, Bahteem and Mostorod) lies in the industrial area north of Greater Cairo. The area suffers from several environmental problems such as sewage and disposal of pollutants from the surrounding factories into the surface water pathways in the area. water samples were collected seasonally from different waterways found in the area, domestic and or industrial liquid wastes from 12 discharge tubes of different factories (as a point source of pollution). Chemical characteristics of different water samples and its heavy metals content were determined using ion coupled plasma technique (ICP). Results indicate that industrial and domestic wastewater samples contain several toxic levels of tested heavy metals (Cd, Co, Pb and Ni) which have a serious impact on surface waterways in the area. Shebin El Qanater collector drain samples exhibited the highest levels of Cd, Co, Pb and Ni compared to other tested water bodies. Mostorod collector drain samples showed the highest levels of Zn and Cu. Industrial effluent samples collected from Cairo Company for Fabric industry had the highest amounts of total Zn Cu, Cd, Co and Pb, while Delta steel company discharges the highest amounts of total Fe and Mn. Al Ahleya Plastic Company discharges the highest amounts of total Ni. Generally, it is necessary to impose the environmental laws and its regulation regarding the industrial wastewater treatments and disposals to minimize the risk of the adverse effects of these pollutants.

关键词： industrial wastewater disposal north Greater Cairo Egypt

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Influence of Accompanying Anions on Potassium Retention and Leaching in Potato Growing Alluvial soils

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Pedosphere 2013年第4期23卷 464-471页

作者： V.SHARMA K.N.SHARMA department of soils Punjab Agricultural University

A column study was carried out to assess the influence of accompanying anions on potassium （K） leaching at potato growing sites with different soil textures （sandy loam and clay loam） in northwestern India. Potassium was applied in the top 15 cm layer of soil column at 30 and 60 mg K kg-1 through different sources having different accompanying anions （CI-, SO^-, NO3 and H2PO4-）. Maximum K was retained in the top 0-15 cm layer with a sharp decrease in K content occurring in 15 30 cm layer of the soil column. The trend was similar for both levels of applied K as well as frequency of leaching and soil type. The decrease of K content in soil column after four leaching events was maximum in case of Khanaura sandy loam, while only minor decrease was observed in Hundowal clay loam when K was applied at 60 mg K kg-1, indicating higher potential of clay rich soil to adsorb K. In general, the K leaching in presence of the accompanying anions followed the order of SO4^2-≤ H2PO42- 〈 NO3 = Cl-. Highest 1 mol·L^-1 CH3COONH4-extractable K was retained when K was applied along with SO4^2- and H2PO4 anions, and the least was retained when accompanying anion was Cl-. The influence of anions was more pronounced in the light textured soil and at high amounts of K application. Higher levels of K application resulted in higher losses of K, especially in sandy loam soil as observed from the leachate concentration. Among the different K sources, the maximum amount of K leaching was noticed in the soil column amended with KC1. After four leachings, the maximum amount of K leached out was 6.40 mg L-1 in Hundowal clay loam and 9.29 mg L-1 in Khanaura sandy loam at 60 mg K kg-1 of soil application through KC1. These concentrations were lower than the recommended guideline of the World Health Organisation （12.00 mg L-1）.

关键词： column study leaching events potassium application potassium sources soil texture

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Dynamics of CO_2 Emission and Biochemical Properties of a Sandy Calcareous Soil Amended with Conocarpus Waste and Biochar

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Pedosphere 2015年第1期25卷 46-56页

作者： Mohamed EL-MAHROUKY Ahmed Hamdy EL-NAGGAR Adel Rabie USMAN Mohammad Al-WABEL Soil Science department College of Food & Agriculture Sciences King Saud University department of Soil Science Faculty of Agriculture Ain Shams University department of soils and water Faculty of Agriculture Assiut University

Biochar is a carbon-rich product obtained by biomass pyrolysis and considered a mean of carbon sequestration. In this research, a sandy calcareous soil from the Farm of the College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia, was amended with either woody waste of Conocarpus erectus L.(CW) or the biochar(BC) produced from CW at rates of 0(control), 10, 30 and 50 g kg-1. The effects of the amendments on soil p H, dissolved organic carbon(DOC), microbial biomass carbon(MBC), CO2 emission and metabolic quotient(q CO2) of the sandy calcareous soil were studied in a 60-d incubation experiment. The results showed that the addition of CW led to a significant decrease in soil p H compared to the control and the addition of BC. The CO2-C emission rate was higher in the first few days of incubation than when the incubation time progressed. The cumulative CO2-C emission from the soil amended with CW, especially at higher rates, was higher(approximately 3- to 6-fold) than that from the control and the soil amended with BC. The BC-amended soil showed significant increases in CO2-C emission rate during the first days of incubation as compared to the non-amended soil, but the increase in cumulative CO2-C emission was not significant after 60 d of incubation. On the other hand, CW applications resulted in considerably higher cumulative CO2-C emission, MBC and DOC than the control and BC applications. With the exception of 0 day(after 1 h of incubation), both CW and BC applications led to lower values of q CO2 as compared to the control. The power function kinetic model satisfactorily described the cumulative CO2-C emission. Generally, the lowest values of CO2 emission were observed in the soil with BC, suggesting that the contribution of BC to CO2 emission was very small as compared to that of CW.

关键词： dissolved organic carbon metabolic quotient microbial biomass carbon power function kinetic model soil pH

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Spatial distribution of heavy metals in the middle nile delta of Egypt

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International Soil and water Conservation Research 2016年第4期4卷 293-303页

作者： Mohamed S.Shokr Ahmed A.El Baroudy Michael A.Fullen Talaat R.El-beshbeshy Ali R.Ramadan A.Abd El Halim Antonio J.T.Guerra Maria C.O.Jorge soils and water department Faculty of AgricultureTanta UniversityTantaEgypt The University of Wolverhampton Wolverhampton WV11LYUK soils and water Use department National Research CentreGizaEgypt department of Geography Federal University of Rio de JaneiroBrazil

Heavy metal contamination in the El-Gharbia Governorate(District)of Egypt was identified by using remote sensing,Geographical Information Systems(GIS),and X-ray fluorescence(XRF)spectrometry as the main research *** Elevation Model(DEM),Landsat 8 and contour map images were used to map the *** physiographic units in the study area are represented by nine soil profiles.X-ray fluorescence spectrometry(XRF)was used for geochemical analysis of 33 soil ***(V),nickel(Ni),chromium(Cr),copper(Cu)and zinc(Zn)concentrations were measured and they all exceeded the average global concentrations identified by Wedepohl(1995).Ni and Cr concentrations exceeded recommended values in all soil profile horizons(Canadian Soil Quality Guidelines,2007),while Cu had a variable *** concentrations are under recommended concentration limits in most soil *** Factor,Pollution Load Index and Degree of Contamination indices were used to assess the environmental risks of heavy metal contamination from the *** analysed metals pose some potential hazard and pollution levels were particularly high near industrial and urban areas.

关键词： El-Gharbia Governorate Egypt Soil contamination X-ray fluorescence spectrometry Remote sensing Geographical information systems Indices calculations

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Simulation of the relationship between porosity and tortuosity in porous media with cubic particles

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Chinese Physics B 2012年第10期21卷 1-8页

作者：唐晓武孙祖峰程冠初 MOE Key Laboratory of Soft soils and Geoenvironmental Engineering Department of Civil EngineeringZhejiang University

Tortuosity is an important parameter used in areas such as vascular medicine,neurobiology,and the field of soil permeability and diffusion to express the mass transport in porous *** is a function of the porosity and the shape and distribution of *** this paper,the tortuosity of cubic particles is *** the assumption that the porous medium is homogeneous,the problem is converted to the micro-level over a unit cell,and geometry models of flow paths are *** three-dimensional（3D） cells,the flow paths are too complicated to ***,the 3D models are converted to two-dimensional（2D） models to simplify the calculation *** is noticed that the path in the 2D model is shorter than that in the 3D *** a result,triangular particles and the interaction are also taken into consideration to account for the longer distance *** have proposed quadrate particle and interaction（QI） and quadrate and triangular particle（QT） models with cubic *** models have shown good agreement with the experimental *** is also found that they can predict the toruosities of some kinds of porous media,like freshwater sediment and Negev chalk.

关键词： tortuosity porosity porous media cubic particles

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Aqueous extracts of microalgae exhibit antioxidant and anticancer activities

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2012年第8期2卷 608-615页

作者： Sanaa MM Shanab Soha SM Mostafa Emad A Shalaby Ghada I Mahmoud Botany department Faculty of ScienceCairo University Microbiology department SoilsWater and Environment Research InstituteAgrientural Research Center Biochemistry department Faculty of AgricultureCairo University

Objective:To investigate the antioxidant and anticancer activities of aqueous extracts of nine microalgal ***:Variable percentages of major secondary metabolites(total phenolic content,terpenoids and alkaloids) as well as phycobiliprotein pigments(phycocyanin, allophycocyanin and phycoerythrin) in the aqueous algal extracts were *** activity of the algal extracts was performed using 2,2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) test and 2,2'azino-bis(ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid(ABTS.) radical cation *** efficiency of the algal water extracts was investigated against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma cell(EACC) and Human hepatocellular cancer cell line(HepG2).Results:Antioxidant activity of the algal extracts was performed using DPPH test and ABTS.^+ radical cation assays which revealed 30.1-72.4%and 32.0-75.9%*** efficiency of the algal water extracts was investigated against Ehdich Ascites Carcinoma Cell(EACC) and Human Hepatocellular cancer cell line(HepG2) with an activity ranged 87.25%and 89.4%*** the promising cyanobacteria species;Nostoc muscorum and Oscillatoria *** nitrogen stress conditions(increasing and decreasing nitrate content of the normal BG11 medium,1.5 g/L),increased nitrate concentration(3,6 and 9 g/L) led to a remarkable increase in phycobilin pigments followed by an increase in both antioxidant and anticancer activities in both cyanobacterial *** the decreased nitrate concentration(0.75,0.37 and 0.0 g/L) induced an obvious decrease in phycobilin pigments with complete absence of allophycocyanin in case of Oscillatoria ***:Nitrogen starvation(0.00 g/L nitrate) induced an increase and comparable antioxidant and anticancer activities to those cultured in the highest nitrate content.

关键词： Microalgae Antioxidant Anticancer Nitrogen starvation Cyanobacteria

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Utilization of low quality water of mountain reservoirs: a case study from Al Jabal Al Akhdar, Oman

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Journal of Mountain Science 2016年第8期13卷 1423-1430页

作者： Mushtaque AHMED Reginald VICTOR Mohammed JASHOUL B.S. CHOUDRI department of soils Water and Agricultural Engineering College of Agricultural and Marine SciencesSultan Qaboos University department of Biology College of ScienceSultan Qaboos University Salalah Free Zone Sultanate of Oman Center for Environmental Studies and Research Sultan Qaboos University

Al Jabal al Akhdar(Green Mountain) in arid northern Oman has freshwater resources that had supported small communities for hundreds of years. Jabal Akhdar receives more rainfall(300-400 mm) when compared to the desert plains. In the last few years, this region had undergone enormous changes due to rapid development. The resident and transient populations have increased and their activities exert severe stress on the water resources. There are 24 retention reservoirs in the area, but most are eutrophic and the nutrient loading is due to input of animal fecal matter via surface run-off. As expected, these waters contaminated with coliform bacteria and some have pathogenic Escherichia coli. Drinking water needs of all the villages met by groundwater extraction. Because of poor quality, the surface water in the reservoirs is under-utilized. A low-cost lowmaintenance treatment system designed, constructed and operated in one village to clean the reservoir water for non-drinking human use. The treatment unit improved the water quality parameters. A survey among the adult male population of the village showed their eagerness to adopt this system and use the treated reservoir water for uses other than agriculture. Establishment of these treatment units in other villages should reduce the pressures on groundwater extraction.

关键词： Jabal Akhdar Oman Reservoir Eutrophication Treatment Society

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Soil properties characterization for land-use planning and soil management in watersheds under family farming

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International Soil and water Conservation Research 2022年第1期10卷 119-128页

作者： Jose Miguel Reichert Paulo Ivonir Gubiani Danilo Rheinheimer dos Santos Dalvan Jose Reinert Celso Aita Sandro Jose Giacomini soils department Universidade Federal de Santa Maria(UFSM)Santa MariaRSBrazil

Environmental monitoring of small,rural watersheds was one of the components of the Natural Re-sources Management and Rural Poverty Alleviation Program(RS-Rural)in southern *** purpose of the monitoring was to assess the impact of promoting soil conservation and environment manage-ment practices adopted by farmers and funded by the *** four small monitored watersheds,in a total of 95 plots representing distinct land use and soil management,surface soil was collected to characterize ground-zero of the Program by determining several soil physical,chemical and microbio-logical *** component analysis(PCA)shows soil physical,chemical and biological properties were decisive in defining the agricultural soils in the rural watersheds with family *** sensitivity to chemical properties provides an opportunity to improve soil quality if soil management focuses on altering those *** management practiced by tobacco farmers leads to rapid,intense degradation of some natural soil properties,especially those related to the dynamics of soil organic matter,compared with more conservationist uses(forest,regrowth,and grassland).Thus,soil management must be reoriented to avoid the progress of degradation and recover soil physical and biological *** crops and by land-abandonment to allow natural vegetation are important management strategies for the degraded soils used for tobacco production,increasing soil organic matter,nutrients and microbial activity and thus allowing further crop *** conclusion,wa-tersheds with tobacco cropping have soils with lower quality than when under no-tillage grain pro-duction,requiring changes in land use and soil management.

关键词： Natural resources management Environmental monitoring Soil conservation Soil quality Alleviating poverty

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Enhancement of freshwater production of the seawater greenhouse condenser

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Journal of Arid Land 2021年第4期13卷 397-412页

作者： Tahani K BAIT SUWAILAM Abdulrahim M AL-ISMAILI Nasser A AL-AZRI L H Janitha JEEWANTHA Hemesiri KOTAGAMA department of soils Water and Agricultural EngineeringSultan Qaboos UniversityAl-Khoud 123Oman department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Sultan Qaboos UniversityAl-Khoud 123Oman department of Natural Resource Economics Sultan Qaboos UniversityAl-Khoud 123Oman

Seawater greenhouse(SWGH)is a technology established to overcome issues related to open field cultivation in arid areas,such as the high ambient temperature and the shortage of *** adopts the humidification-dehumidification concept where evaporated moisture from a saline water source is condensed to produce freshwater within the greenhouse *** condenser designs are adopted to increase freshwater production in order to meet the irrigation *** aim of this study was to experimentally investigate the practicality of using the packed-type direct contact condenser in the SWGH to produce more freshwater at low costs,simple design and high efficiency,and to explore the impact of the manipulating six operational variables(inlet air temperature of the humidifier,air mass flowrate of the humidifier,inlet water temperature of the humidifier,water mass flowrate of the humidifier,inlet water temperature of the dehumidifier and water mass flowrate of the dehumidifier)on freshwater condensation *** this purpose,a direct contact condenser was designed and ***-four full factorial experiments were conducted to study the effect of the six operational *** variable was operated at two levels(high and low flowrate),and each experiment lasted for 10 min and followed by a 30-min waiting *** showed that freshwater production varied between 0.257 and 2.590 L for every 10 *** using Minitab statistical software to investigate the significant variables that contributed to the maximum freshwater production,it was found that the inlet air temperature of the humidifier had the greatest influence,followed by the inlet water temperature of the humidifier;the former had a negative impact while the latter had a positive impact on freshwater *** response optimizer tool revealed that the optimal combination of variables contributed to maximize freshwater production when all variables were in the high mode and the inlet air

关键词： seawater greenhouse humidification-dehumidification direct contact condenser freshwater production water desalination

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Isotherm and kinetic studies on the adsorption of humic acid molecular size fractions onto clay minerals

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Acta Geochimica 2019年第6期38卷 863-871页

作者： Mohamed E.A.El-Sayed Moustafa M.R.Khalaf James A.Rice department of Chemistry and Biochemistry South Dakota State UniversityBrookingsSD 57007USA soils Waterand Environmental Research InstituteAgriculture Research CenterEl-GizaEgypt Chemistry department Faculty of ScienceMinia UniversityEl-Minia 61519Egypt

Humic acid(HA)can adsorb onto mineral surfaces,modifying the physicochemical properties of the ***,understanding the sorption behavior of HA onto mineral surfaces is of particular interest,since the fate and transport of many organic and inorganic contaminants are highly correlated to HA adsorbed onto clay *** to the extreme heterogeneity of HA,the extracted IHSS Leonardite humic acid(LHA)used in this work was fractionated using an ultrafiltration technique(UF)into different molecular size fractions(Fr1,>0.2μm;Fr2,0.2 pm-300,000 daltons;Fr3,300,000-50,000 daltons;Fr4,50,000-10,000 daltons;Fr5,10,000-1000 daltons).Equilibrium and the kinetics of LHA and fraction adsorption onto kaolinite and montmorillonite were *** results demonstrated that the maximum adsorption capacity of LHA,Frl,Fr2,Fr3,Fr4,and Fr5 was 5.99,13.69,10.29,7.02,5.9&and 5.09 on kaolinite while it was 8.29,22.62,13.17,8.91,8.62,and 5.69 on montmorillonite,*** adsorption equilibrium data showed that the adsorption behavior of LHA and its fractions could be described more practically by the Langmuir model than the Freundlich *** rate of humic acid fraction adsorption onto clays increased with decreasing molecular size fraction and increasing carboxylic group ***-first-and second-order models were used to assess the kinetic data and the rate *** results explained that LHA and its fractions adsorption on clay minerals conformed more to pseudosecondo rder.

关键词： Kaolinite Montmorillonite Leonardite humic acid Humic acid fractions Kinetics Equilibrium

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