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Geographical Indications for Medicinal Plants:Globalization, Climate Change, Quality and Market Implications for Geo-Authentic Botanicals

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World Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2015年第1期1卷 16-23页

作者： Josef A.Brinckmann Sustainability department Traditional Medicinals

Pharmacopoeial standards for crude drugs are established based on analysis of authenticated specimens which should be representative of the quality of material traditionally specified in systems of traditional medicine from species' geographical origin. This reflects the ‘geo-authentic'material that corresponds to traditional ecological and medical knowledge. In cases where specimens are obtained from cultivation outside of the species origin, this ‘authenticated' material will not be ‘geo-authentic'.There is a growing trend for the protection of ‘geographical indication'(GI) botanicals in the context of intellectual property rights. GI botanicals are named after a geographical area, indicating production within a particular area, quality and characteristics dependent on natural,historical and cultural factors. However, with the globalization of systems of traditional medicine such as Ayurvedic medicine and traditional Chinese medicine, Asian species are being introduced to cultivation outside of their geographical origins particularly in the EU and *** contrast to the Chinese concept of ‘daodi' and European concepts of ‘provenance' or ‘terroir' is the competing trend for ‘locally grown'herbs, i.e. cultivated closer to where they will be used. Reasons include concerns about quality control, contamination from polluted air, soil and water in some source countries, climate change, supply chain security and traceability, costs of production and price *** review looks at selected agronomic experiments aiming to discern differences between geo-authentic medicinal herbs vs. introduced crops and whether the global market cares to make a distinction or pay a price premium for articles with designations of geographical origin of specified quality.

关键词： Appellation of Origin Daodi Geo-authentic Geographical Indication Designation of Origin

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The influence of micro-climate, snow cover, and soil moisture on ecosystem functioning in high mountains

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2007年第1期17卷 3-19页

作者： Jorg LOFFLER department of Geography University of Bonn Meckenheimer Allee 166 53115 Bonn Germany

The dynamics of water and energy fluxes in the high mountains of central Norway was studied along micro-spatial topographic gradients in different altitudes and regions of the Scandes. Landscape ecological processes like sdow accumulation during winter, snow melting, evaporation, percolation, soil moisture variability and temperature variations were quantified. Combining spatio-temporal data on physical environment functioning and vegetation patterns resulted in a process-oriented characterisation of high mountain ecosystems. Extensive data from long-term measurements were synthesised illustrating the influence of micro-climate, snow cover, and soil moisture on high mountain ecosystem functioning. The results reveal that the micro-climatic impact on the vegetation is predominantly determined by snow cover overlaying soil moisture gradients. water only becomes superior where near-surface water saturation and flooding occur. A lack of soil moisture availability was not found during any time of the year even under driest site conditions. Contrasting literature, the Norwegian mountain vegetation was found to be interpreted by environmental variable constellations excluding drought stress.

关键词： Landscape ecology mountain research cUmatic change response Norway

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ELASTO-PLASTIC COUPLED ANALYSIS OF BURIED STRUCTURE AND soil MEDIUM BY PERTURBATIONAL SEMI-ANALYTIC METHOD

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 1998年第4期19卷 361-366页

作者：吕安军曹安远 department of Engineering Mechanics Tongji University Shanghai P.R. China

In this paper, an effective numerical method for physically nonlinear interaction analysis is studied, in which the elasto-plastic problem of coupled analysis between the structure and medium may be transformed into several linear problems by means of the perturbation technique, then, the finite strip method and finite layer method are used to analyze the underground structure and rock medium, respectively, for their corresponding linear problems, so the purpose of simplifying the calculation can be achieved. This kind of method has made use of the twice semi-analytical technique: the perturbation and semi-analytic solution function to simplify 3-D nonlinear coupled problem into 1-D linear numerical one. In addition, this method is a new advance of semi-analytical method in the application to nonlinear problems by means of combinating with the analytical perturbation method, and it is also a branch of the perturbational numerical method developed in last years.

关键词： perturbation semi-analytic method elasto-plasticity coupling

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Influence of automobile industrial wastewater on soil quality

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2014年第6期7卷 123-128页

作者： Ugwu Samson Nnaemeka Anyadike Chinenye Chukwuemeka Echiegu Emmanuel Nwoke Oji Achuka Ugwuishiwu Boniface department of Agricultural and Bioresources Engineering University of NigeriaNsukkaNigeria

Reuse of industrial wastewater(effluent)for irrigation purpose is a common ***,lack of adequate treatment of the effluent can cause soil deterioration,vegetation destruction and contamination of the aquatic *** adverse effects necessitated the study of wastewater irrigation in Emene Industrial Layout,Enugu State,*** and soil samples were collected,analyzed and subjected to Analysis of Variance(ANOVA)for Completely Randomized Design(CRD)at 5% probability level using GENSTAT *** results obtained from the study were compared with FAO soil and water *** wastewater analysis suggested that contamination at the untreated stage was very high and results at the treatment level were within the FAO reuse *** study also found wide variation in chemical status of industrial wastewater treated *** all the values for the wastewater treated soil were not within the FAO irrigated soil chemical properties *** suggests high re-contamination along the open channel(from non-point sources)before *** calls for proper monitoring and treatment of the industrial effluent prior to irrigation application.

关键词： irrigation soil quality contamination wastewater automobile industry

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Estimation of the Threshold Friction Velocities over Various Dust Storm Source Areas in Northwest China

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Acta meteorologica Sinica 2010年第5期24卷 548-557页

作者：朱好张宏升 department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences School of PhysicsPeking University

The emission of dust particles into the atmosphere is governed by the aerodynamic and resistant factors, which are quantified by the friction velocity u. and the threshold friction velocity u＊t, respectively. The threshold friction velocity u＊t influences the vertical dust flux and dust transport. Based on the micro-meteorological data obtained in the springs of 2004 and 2006 over Hunshandake desert area, Loess Plateau, and Gobi desert area, the relationship between dust concentration and friction velocity for the dust events that occurred over Hunshandake desert area was investigated, and the threshold friction velocities over the three different dust source areas were estimated. The results show that the value of dust concentration is low during the pre-emission stage of a dust storm event, and the rapid increase of friction velocity provides favor-able dynamic conditions for dust emission. During the dust emission stage, the dust concentration increases sharply due to mechanical and thermal turbulent mixing. At the calm-down stage, the dust concentration drops nearly linearly with the decreasing friction velocity, on account of the gravitational deposition of larger dust particles. When the dust concentration is higher than 200 μgm-3, it is considered as a dust emission process. According to the criteria, the values of threshold friction velocity over Hunshandake desert area and Gobi region are 0.6 and 0.45 m s-1, respectively. The threshold friction velocity over Loess Plateau depends on the wind direction, due to the complex terrain and inhomogeneous surface. The northwest wind shows the effects of the Mu Us desert in the northwest. The corresponding u＊t is 0.35 m s-1. The south wind exhibits the characteristics of the Loess hilly dunes in the south, and the u＊t is 0.7 m s-1. The large roughness length of the Loess hilly dunes and the large inter-particle cohesion for the clay soil texture increases the local friction velocity. Different threshold friction velo

关键词： dust storm dust rising threshold friction velocity Hunshandake desert area Loess Plateau Gobi desert area

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Impacts of soil Moisture on the Numerical Simulation of a Post-Landfall Storm

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2019年第2期33卷 206-218页

作者： Feimin ZHANG Zhaoxia PU Chenghai WANG College of Atmospheric Sciences Lanzhou University department of Atmospheric Sciences University of Utah

Surface heat and moisture fluxes are important to the evolution of a tropical storm after its landfall. soil moisture is one of the essential components that influence surface heating and moisture fluxes. In this study, the impact of soil moisture on a pre-landfall numerical simulation of Tropical Storm Bill(2015), which had a much longer lifespan over land, is investigated by using the research version of the NCEP Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting(HWRF) model. It is found that increased soil moisture with SLAB scheme before storm's landfall tends to produce a weaker storm after landfall and has negative impacts on storm track simulation. Further diagnoses with different land surface schemes and sensitivity experiments indicate that the increase in soil moisture inside the storm corresponds to a strengthened vertical mixing within the storm boundary layer, which is conducive to the decay of storm and has negative impacts on storm evolution. In addition, surface diabatic heating effects over the storm environment are also found to be an important positive contribution to the storm evolution over land, but their impacts are not so substantial as boundary layer vertical mixing inside the storm. The overall results highlight the importance and uncertainty of soil moisture in numerical model simulations of landfalling hurricanes and their further evolution over land.

关键词： soil moisture tropical storm tropical cyclone landfall la nd surface numerical simulation

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Design parameter optimization of beam foundation on soft soil layer with nonlinear finite element

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Journal of Central South University 2012年第6期19卷 1753-1763页

作者：魏红卫吴亚中喻泽红 School of Civil Engineering Central South University Transportation department of Hunan Province

Finite element method was performed to investigate the influences of beam stiffness,foundation width and cushion thickness on the bearing capacity of beam foundation on underlying weak laminated *** comparison between numerical results and results from field test including plate-bearing test and foundation settlement observation shows reasonable *** to the numerical results,the beam width,length,cross section and cushion thickness were *** results show that the stresses in subgrade soil decrease greatly with increasing the cushion thickness and width of ***,the foundation settlement and influencing depth of displacement also increase correspondingly under conditions of relatively thinner cushion *** the foundations on underlying weak layer,increasing foundation width merely might be inadequate for improving the bearing capacity,and the appropriate width and cushion thickness depend on the response of subgrade.A comparison between rigid and flexible beams was also *** influence of a flexible beam foundation on subgrade is relatively smaller under the same loading conditions,and the flexible beam foundation appears more adaptable to various *** proposed flexible beam foundation was adopted in *** to the calculation results,beam width of 2.4 m and cushion thickness of 0.8 m are proposed,and a flexible beam foundation is applied in the optimized design,which is confirmed reasonable by the actual engineering.

关键词：基础设计参数优化柔性梁非线性有限元软土层垫层厚度基础宽度计算结果

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The Climatic Effects of the Stratospheric Volcanic Ash

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 1993年第2期10卷 135-146页

作者：钱永甫 department of Atmospheric Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing

The climatic effects of the stratospheric volcanic ash are simulated. The model we used is a primitive equation model with the P-σ incorporated coordinate system. The model has 5 layers in the atmosphere and 2 layers in the soil. The volcanic ash is introduced to the first (highest) model layer with a fixed optical thickness of 0.1275. Two comparative numerical experiments with and without the volcanic ash are made. Results show that the effects of the stratospheric volcanic ash on the formations of the mean climatic fields are much smaller than those of the land-sea distribution and the large scale topography. However, it does have contributions to the anomalies of the basic climatic states. The direct effect of the volcanic ash is to increase the temperature in the stratosphere. It can also influence the temperature and the height fields of isobaric surfaces, horizontal and vertical motions, precipitation and the surface climate through dynamic and thermodynamic processes in the atmosphere.

关键词： Tibetan Plateau Vertical Motion Geopotential Height Upward Motion Meridional Circulation

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Restaurant emissions removal by a biofilter with immobilized bacteria

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2005年第5期6卷 433-437页

作者：缪建玉郑连英郭晓芬 department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China

Pseudomonas sp. ZD8 isolated from contaminated soil was immobilized with platane wood chips to produce packing materials for a novel biofilter system utilized to control restaurant emissions. The effects of operational parameters including retention time, temperature, and inlet gas concentration on the removal efficiency and elimination capacity were evaluated. Cri- teria necessary for a scale-up design of the biofilter was established. High and satisfactory level of rapeseed oil smoke removal efficiency was maintained during operation and the optimal retention time was found to be 18 s corresponding to smoke removal efficiency greater than 97%. The optimal inlet rapeseed oil smoke loading was 120 mg/(m3?h) at the upper end of the linear cor- relation between inlet loading and elimination capacity.

关键词：生物过滤器细菌污染物餐馆环境保护大气污染

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A Case on Acute Burkholderia pseudomallei Pericarditis

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Chinese Medical Journal 2016年第18期129卷 2256-2257页

作者： Xing-Jun Cai Yi-Jiang Huang Yi-Hui Fu department of Respiratory Hainan General Hospital Haikou Hainan 570311 China

Melioidosis is an endemic communicable disease caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei and a prevalent amphixenosis in tropical and subtropical regions. The main routes of infection are thought to be through compromised surface tissues and through inhalation of contaminated soil and water. B. pseudomallei can affect all organs, but pulmonary infection is the most common symptom, which could easily lead to sepsisYl Here, we reported what we believe is a rare case of acute pericarditis caused by B. pseudomallei infection.

关键词： Burkholderia pseudomallei Melioidosis Pericarditis Tuberculosis

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