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soil Water Hysteresis at Low Potential

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Pedosphere 2007年第4期17卷 436-444页

作者： L.PRUNTY J.BELL department of soil science north dakota state university FargoND 58105 (USA)

Knowledge of the soil water characteristic curve is fundamental for understanding unsaturated *** objective of this work was to find scanning hysteresis loops of two fine textured soils at water potentials below wilting *** was done by equilibration over NaCl solutions with water potentials of-6.6 to-18.8 MPa at 25℃.When cycled repeatedly through a series of potentials in the range noted previously both soils exhibited a hysteresis *** experimental differences in water content between the drying and wetting soils at the same water potential were much too large to be accounted for by failure to allow sufficient time to attain equilibrium as predicted by the exponential decay *** wetting versus drying differences were relatively small,however,at only 4 mg g-1 or less in absolute terms and about 3% of the mean of wetting and drying,in relative *** should be a consideration when modeling biological and physical soil processes at water contents below the wilting point,where small differences in water content result in large potential energy changes.

关键词： adsorption dry soil equilibration matric potential soil water characteristic

Micro-strain regulation strategy to stabilize perovskite lattice based on the categories and impact of strain on perovskite solar cells

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 578-604页

作者： Caixia Li Wenwu Liu Shiji Da Lingbin Kong Fen Ran state Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Nonferrous Metals Lanzhou University of Technology School of Materials science and Engineering Lanzhou University of Technology

Photovoltaic metal halide perovskite solar cells(PSCs) convert light to electricity more efficiently than crystalline silicon cells, and the cost of materials used to make them is lower than that of silicon *** efficiency is not a core issue affecting the application of perovskite solar cells in special *** present, stability is the major technical encounters that hinders its further commercial development. Microstrain in PSCs is currently a significant factor responsible for the device's instability. Strain-induced ion migration is widely believed to accelerate perovskite degradation even when external stimuli are ***, it is imperative to study strain to enhance the stability of PSCs. This paper reviews recent developments to understand strain's origin and effect mechanisms on performance of PSCs, including ion migration,failure behavior, defect formation, and its effect on photoelectric properties, stability, and ***, several well-known strain management strategies are systematically introduced based on the strain effect mechanism and strain engineering on the film, providing more clues for further preparation with increased stability. The manipulation of external physical strain applied from films to entire devices has been extensively studied. Furthermore, recommendations for future research directions and chemical approaches have been provided. It is emphasized that strain engineering plays a crucial role in improving the efficiency and longevity of PSCs. Tensile strain causes rapid degradation, while moderate compressive strain and external strain control could improve properties and stability. Efforts should focus on controlling compressive strain to mitigate residual tensile strain and introducing it in a controlled manner. Future research endeavors may focus on exploring these pathways to improve the efficiency and lifespan of PSCs.

关键词： Halide perovskite solar cells Strain origins Strain effects Strain management

Variation in soil organic matter accumulation and metabolic activity along an elevation gradient in the Santa Rosa Mountains of Southern California, USA

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Journal of Arid Land 2015年第6期7卷 814-819页

作者： Amitava CHATTERJEE George D JENERETTE department of soil science North Dakota State University department of Botany and Plant sciences University of California

Variations in soil organic matter accumulation across an elevation can be used to explain the control of substrate supply and variability on soil metabolic activity. We investigated geographic changes in soil organic matter and metabolic rates along an elevation gradient（289–2,489 m） in the Santa Rosa Mountains, California, USA from subalpine and montane pine forests through chaparral to desert. From base（289 m） to summit（2,489 m）, 24 sites were established for collecting soil samples under canopies and inter-canopy spaces, at 0–5 and 5–15 cm soil depths increments. soil organic matter（SOM） content was determined using weight loss on ignition at 550°C and soil CO2 efflux（R） was measured at day 5（R5） and day 20（R20） of incubation. Changes in SOM content along the elevation gradient showed a significant relationship（P〈0.05） but R5 and R20 were not related to either elevation or SOM content. However, the ratio of R and SOM（R5/SOM） showed a strong relationship across the mountains at both soil depths. R5/SOM, as an indicator of carbon use efficiency, may be applicable to other semi-arid transects at larger scale modeling of soil metabolic processes.

关键词： elevation gradient soil organic matter CO2 efflux metabolic activity

soil carbon pools of six ecological regions of the United states

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Journal of Forestry Research 2020年第5期31卷 1933-1938页

作者： Amitava Chatterjee department of soil science North Dakota State UniversityFargoND 58108-6050USA

Mineralisable soil organic carbon(SOC)pools vary with ecosystem type in response to changes in climate,vegetation and soil *** the effect of climate and soil factors on SOC pools is critical for predicting change over *** soil samples from six ecoregions of the United states were analyzed for permanganate oxidizable C(KMnO4-C)and mineralizable C *** of SOC ranged from 7.9 mg g^-1(Florida site)to 325 mg g^-1(Hawaii site).Mineralisable C pools and KMnO4-C were highest in soils from the Hawaii *** annual precipitation explains SOC and resistant C pool *** content was related to mineralisable active C pools and bacterial *** annual precipitation and clay content are potential variables for predicting changes in SOC pools at large spatial scales.

关键词： Permanganate oxidizable carbon(KMnO4-C) Resistant carbon pool Mean residence time soil carbon pools United states

Multi-model ensemble learning for battery state-of-health estimation:Recent advances and perspectives

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 739-759页

作者： Chuanping Lin Jun Xu Delong Jiang Jiayang Hou Ying Liang Zhongyue Zou Xuesong Mei state Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robots School of Mechanical Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University department of Electrical Engineering and Automation Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology School of Mechanical Engineering Hangzhou Dianzi University

The burgeoning market for lithium-ion batteries has stimulated a growing need for more reliable battery performance monitoring. Accurate state-of-health(SOH) estimation is critical for ensuring battery operational performance. Despite numerous data-driven methods reported in existing research for battery SOH estimation, these methods often exhibit inconsistent performance across different application scenarios. To address this issue and overcome the performance limitations of individual data-driven models,integrating multiple models for SOH estimation has received considerable attention. Ensemble learning(EL) typically leverages the strengths of multiple base models to achieve more robust and accurate outputs. However, the lack of a clear review of current research hinders the further development of ensemble methods in SOH estimation. Therefore, this paper comprehensively reviews multi-model ensemble learning methods for battery SOH estimation. First, existing ensemble methods are systematically categorized into 6 classes based on their combination strategies. Different realizations and underlying connections are meticulously analyzed for each category of EL methods, highlighting distinctions, innovations, and typical applications. Subsequently, these ensemble methods are comprehensively compared in terms of base models, combination strategies, and publication trends. Evaluations across 6 dimensions underscore the outstanding performance of stacking-based ensemble methods. Following this, these ensemble methods are further inspected from the perspectives of weighted ensemble and diversity, aiming to inspire potential approaches for enhancing ensemble performance. Moreover, addressing challenges such as base model selection, measuring model robustness and uncertainty, and interpretability of ensemble models in practical applications is emphasized. Finally, future research prospects are outlined, specifically noting that deep learning ensemble is poised to advance ens

关键词： Lithium-ion battery state-of-health estimation Data-driven Machine learning Ensemble learning Ensemble diversity

A Novel Self-Supervised Learning Network for Binocular Disparity Estimation

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & sciences 2025年第1期142卷 209-229页

作者： Jiawei Tian Yu Zhou Xiaobing Chen Salman A.AlQahtani Hongrong Chen Bo Yang Siyu Lu Wenfeng Zheng department of Computer science and Engineering Major in Bio Artificial IntelligenceHanyang UniversityAnsan-si15577Republic of Korea School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Louisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLA 70803USA department of Computer Engineering College of Computer and Information SciencesKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11574Saudi Arabia School of Automation University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610054China

Two-dimensional endoscopic images are susceptible to interferences such as specular reflections and monotonous texture illumination,hindering accurate three-dimensional lesion reconstruction by surgical *** study proposes a novel end-to-end disparity estimation model to address these *** approach combines a Pseudo-Siamese neural network architecture with pyramid dilated convolutions,integrating multi-scale image information to enhance robustness against lighting *** study introduces a Pseudo-Siamese structure-based disparity regression model that simplifies left-right image comparison,improving accuracy and *** model was evaluated using a dataset of stereo endoscopic videos captured by the Da Vinci surgical robot,comprising simulated silicone heart sequences and real heart video *** results demonstrate significant improvement in the network’s resistance to lighting interference without substantially increasing ***,the model exhibited faster convergence during training,contributing to overall performance *** study advances endoscopic image processing accuracy and has potential implications for surgical robot applications in complex environments.

关键词： Parallax estimation parallax regression model self-supervised learning Pseudo-Siamese neural network pyramid dilated convolution binocular disparity estimation

Small modifications of endo-functionalized cavities lead to large changes in molecular interaction in water

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science China Chemistry 2025年第1期 369-376页

作者： Song-Meng Wang Hao Nian Yan-Fang Wang Li-Shuo Zheng Yu-Tao Zheng Yi-Wei Dong Liping Huang Xiaoping Wang Wei Jiang Liu-Pan Yang department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical sciences State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal ResourcesGuangxi Normal University School of Pharmaceutical science Hengyang Medical School University of South China

Studying molecular recognition in aqueous environments is crucial for understanding biological processes. Herein, we present a series of N-doped endo-functionalized anthracene-based cavities by introducing inward-directed pyridine units. The subtle modifications can significantly affect the binding properties of these receptors, which is similar to the mutations in biological systems. Combining theoretical calculations and molecular recognition experiments demonstrated that these “mutations” have an impact on the hydrophobicity and charge distribution of the hosts, consequently significantly influencing molecular *** is crucial for understanding the intricate mechanisms of molecular-level interactions in biological receptors.

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Carbon Dioxide and Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Naturally Occurring Sulfate-Based Saline soils at Different Moisture Contents

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Pedosphere 2017年第5期27卷 868-876页

作者： Resham THAPA Amitava CHATTERJEE Abbey WICK Kirsten BUTCHER department of soil sciences School of Natural Resources Management North Dakota State University

soil salinization may negatively affect microbial processes related to carbon dioxide （CO2） and nitrous oxide （N20） emissions. A short-term laboratory incubation experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of soil electrical conductivity （EC） and moisture content on CO2 and N20 emissions from sulfate-based natural saline soils. Three separate 100-m long transects were established along the salinity gradient on a salt-affected agricultural field at Mooreton, north dakota, USA. Surface soils were collected from four equally spaced sampling positions within each transect, at the depths of 0-15 and 15-30 cm. In the laboratory, artificial soil cores were formed combining soils from both the depths in each transect, and incubated at 60% and 90% water-filled pore space （WFPS） at 25 ~C. The measured depth-weighted EC of the saturated paste extract （ECe） across the sampling positions ranged from 0.43 to 4.65 dS m-1. Potential nitrogen （N） mineralization rate and CO2 emissions decreased with increasing soil ECe, but the relative decline in soil CO2 emissions with increasing ECe was smaller at 60% WFPS than at 90% WFPS. At 60% WFPS, soil N20 emissions decreased from 133 g N20-N kg-1 soil at ECe （ 0.50 dS m-1 to 72 μg N20-N kg-1 soil at ECe = 4.65 dS m-1. In contrast, at 90% WFPS, soil N20 emissions increased from 262 g N20-N kg-1 soil at ECe ： 0.81 dS m-1 to 849 g N20-N kg-1 soil at ECe ： 4.65 dS m-1, suggesting that N20 emissions were linked to both soil ECe and moisture content. Therefore, spatial variability in soil ECe and pattern of rainfall over the season need to be considered when up-scaling N20 and CO2 emissions from field to landscape scales.

关键词： electric conductivity C and N mineralization salinity sulfate salts soil salinization soil water-filled pore space

Einstein Probe discovery of EP240408a: A peculiar X-ray transient with an intermediate timescale

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science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第1期Mechanics & Astronomy) .卷 222-240页

作者： Wenda Zhang Weimin Yuan Zhixing Ling Yong Chen Nanda Rea Arne Rau Zhiming Cai Huaqing Cheng Francesco Coti Zelati Lixin Dai Jingwei Hu Shumei Jia Chichuan Jin Dongyue Li Paul O’Brien Rongfeng Shen Xinwen Shu Shengli Sun Xiaojin Sun Xiaofeng Wang Lei Yang Bing Zhang Chen Zhang Shuang-Nan Zhang Yonghe Zhang Jie An David Buckley Alexis Coleiro Bertrand Cordier Liming Dou Rob Eyles-Ferris Zhou Fan Hua Feng Shaoyu Fu Johan P.U.Fynbo Lluis Galbany Saurabh W.Jha Shuaiqing Jiang Albert Kong Erik Kuulkers Weihua Lei Wenxiong Li Bifang Liu Mingjun Liu Xing Liu Yuan Liu Zhu Liu Chandreyee Maitra Alessio Marino Itumeleng Monageng Kirpal Nandra Jeremy Sanders Roberto Soria Lian Tao Junfeng Wang Song Wang Tinggui Wang Zhongxiang Wang Qingwen Wu Xuefeng Wu Dong Xu Yanjun Xu Suijian Xue Yongquan Xue Zijian Zhang Zipei Zhu Hu Zou Congying Bao Fansheng Chen Houlei Chen Tianxiang Chen Wei Chen Yehai Chen Yifan Chen Chenzhou Cui Weiwei Cui Yanfeng Dai Dongwei Fan Ju Guan Dawei Han Dongjie Hou Haibo Hu Maohai Huang Jia Huo Zhenqing Jia Bowen Jiang Ge Jin Chengkui Li Junfei Li Longhui Li Maoshun Li Wei Li Zhengda Li Tianying Lian Congzhan Liu Heyang Liu Huaqiu Liu Fangjun Lu Laidan Luo Jia Ma Xuan Mao Haiwu Pan Xin Pan Liming Song Hui Sun Yunyin Tan Qingjun Tang Yihan Tao Hao Wang Juan Wang Lei Wang Wenxin Wang Yilong Wang Yusa Wang Qinyu Wu Haitao Xu Jingjing Xu Xinpeng Xu Yunfei Xu Zhao Xu Changbin Xue Yulong Xue Ailiang Yan Haonan Yang Xiongtao Yang Yanji Yang Juan Zhang Mo Zhang Wenjie Zhang Zhen Zhang Zhen Zhang Ziliang Zhang Donghua Zhao Haisheng Zhao Xiaofan Zhao Zijian Zhao Hongyan Zhou Yilin Zhou Yuxuan Zhu Zhencai Zhu National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of sciences School of Astronomy and Space sciences university of Chinese Academy of sciences Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of sciences Institute of Space sciences (ICE) CSIC Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC) Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics Innovation Academy for Microsatellites Chinese Academy of sciences department of Physics university of Hong Kong School of Physics and Astronomy university of Leicester School of Physics and Astronomy Sun Yat-sen university department of Physics Anhui Normal university Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics Chinese Academy of sciences Physics department Tsinghua university Nevada Center for Astrophysics university of Nevada Las Vegas department of Physics and Astronomy university of Nevada Las Vegas South African Astronomical Observatory department of Astronomy university of Cape Town department of Physics university of the Free state Université Paris Cité CNRS Astroparticule et Cosmologie Université Paris Cité CEA Paris-Saclay IRFU/DAp-AIM department of Astronomy Guangzhou university Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN) Niels Bohr Institute university of Copenhagen department of Physics and Astronomy Rutgers the state university of New Jersey Institute for Cosmic Ray Research The university of Tokyo ESA/ESTEC department of Astronomy School of Physics Huazhong university of science and Technology INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino Sydney Institute for Astronomy School of Physics The university of Sydney department of Astronomy Xiamen university Institute for Frontiers in Astronomy and Astrophysics Beijing Normal university department of Astronomy university of science and Technology School of Astronomy and Space sciences university of science and Technology of China Institute of Deep Space sciences Deep Space Exploration Laboratory department of Astronomy School of Physics and Astronomy Yunnan university Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chi

We report the discovery of a peculiar X-ray transient,EP240408a,by Einstein Probe （EP） and follow-up studies made with EP,Swift,NICER,GROND,ATCA and other ground-based multiwavelength *** new transient was first detected with Wide-field X-ray Telescope （WXT） on board EP on April 8th,2024,manifested in an intense yet brief X-ray flare lasting for *** flare reached a peak flux of 3.9×10-9erg cm-2s-1in 0.5-4 ke V,～300 times brighter than the underlying X-ray emission detected throughout the *** and more precise follow-up observations by EP/FXT,Swift and NICER confirmed the finding of this new *** X-ray spectrum is non-thermal in 0.5-10 ke V,with a power-law photon index varying *** X-ray light curve shows a plateau lasting for ～4 d,followed by a steep decay till becoming undetectable ～10 d after the initial *** on its temporal property and constraints from previous EP observations,an unusual timescale in the range of 7-23 d is found for EP240408a,which is intermediate between the commonly found fast and long-term *** counterparts have been found in optical and near-infrared,with the earliest observation at 17 h after the initial X-ray detection,suggestive of intrinsically weak emission in these *** demonstrate that the remarkable properties of EP240408a are inconsistent with any of the transient types known so far,by comparison with,in particular,jetted tidal disruption events,gamma-ray bursts,X-ray binaries and fast blue optical *** nature of EP240408a thus remains an *** suggest that EP240408a may represent a new type of transients with intermediate timescales of the order of～10 *** detection and follow-ups of more of such objects are essential for revealing their origin.

关键词： X-ray transients ${\bm~{Einstein~~Probe}}$