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An Enhanced Lung Cancer Detection Approach Using Dual-Model Deep Learning Technique

Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2025年第1期142卷 835-867页

作者： Sumaia Mohamed Elhassan Saad Mohamed Darwish Saleh Mesbah Elkaffas department of Information technology Institute of Graduate Studies and ResearchAlexandria UniversityAlexandria21526Egypt College of Computing and Information technology Arab Academy for ScienceTechnology and Maritime TransportAlexandriaP.O.Box 1029Egypt

Lung cancer continues to be a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide,emphasizing the critical need for improved diagnostic *** detection of lung tumors significantly increases the chances of successful treatment and ***,current diagnostic methods often fail to detect tumors at an early stage or to accurately pinpoint their location within the lung ***-model deep learning technologies for lung cancer detection,while beneficial,cannot capture the full range of features present in medical imaging data,leading to incomplete or inaccurate ***,it may not be robust enough to handle the wide variability in medical images due to different imaging conditions,patient anatomy,and tumor *** overcome these disadvantages,dual-model or multi-model approaches can be *** research focuses on enhancing the detection of lung cancer by utilizing a combination of two learning models:a Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)for categorization and the You Only Look Once(YOLOv8)architecture for real-time identification and pinpointing of *** automatically learn to extract hierarchical features from raw image data,capturing patterns such as edges,textures,and complex structures that are crucial for identifying lung ***8 incorporates multiscale feature extraction,enabling the detection of tumors of varying sizes and scales within a single *** is particularly beneficial for identifying small or irregularly shaped tumors that may be challenging to ***,through the utilization of cutting-edge data augmentation methods,such as Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Networks(DCGAN),the suggested approach can handle the issue of limited data and boost the models’ability to learn from diverse and comprehensive *** combined method not only improved accuracy and localization but also ensured efficient real-time processing,which is crucial for practical clinical applicati

关键词： Lung cancer detection dual-model deep learning technique data augmentation CNN YOLOv8

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Cell polarization in ischemic stroke: molecular mechanisms and advances

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 632-645页

作者： Yuanwei Li Xiaoxiao Xu Xuan Wu Jiarui Li Shiling Chen Danyang Chen Gaigai Li Zhouping Tang department of Neurology Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei ProvinceChina

Ischemic stroke is a cerebrovascular disease associated with high mortality and disability rates. Since the inflammation and immune response play a central role in driving ischemic damage, it becomes essential to modulate excessive inflammatory reactions to promote cell survival and facilitate tissue repair around the injury site. Various cell types are involved in the inflammatory response, including microglia, astrocytes, and neutrophils, each exhibiting distinct phenotypic profiles upon stimulation. They display either proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory states, a phenomenon known as ‘cell polarization.’ There are two cell polarization therapy strategies. The first involves inducing cells into a neuroprotective phenotype in vitro, then reintroducing them autologously. The second approach utilizes small molecular substances to directly affect cells in vivo. In this review, we elucidate the polarization dynamics of the three reactive cell populations(microglia, astrocytes, and neutrophils) in the context of ischemic stroke, and provide a comprehensive summary of the molecular mechanisms involved in their phenotypic switching. By unraveling the complexity of cell polarization, we hope to offer insights for future research on neuroinflammation and novel therapeutic strategies for ischemic stroke.

关键词： astrocyte polarization immune regulation inflammation ischemic injury microglia polarization neutrophil polarization signaling pathways stroke

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Interplay between creeping fat and gut microbiota: A brand-new perspective on fecal microbiota transplantation in Crohn's disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2025年第2期31卷 138-143页

作者： Ying Wang Jie Liu department of Life Sciences and Medicine South District of Endoscopic CenterThe First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of ChinaUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230001Anhui ProvinceChina department of Gastroenterology The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230001Anhui ProvinceChina

Inflammatory bowel disease,particularly Crohn's disease(CD),has been linked to modifications in mesenteric adipose tissue(MAT)and the phenomenon known as"creeping fat"(CrF).The presence of CrF is believed to serve as a predictor for early clinical recurrence following surgical intervention in patients with ***,the incorporation of the mesentery during ileocolic resection for CD has been correlated with a decrease in surgical recurrence,indicating the significant role of MAT in the pathogenesis of *** numerous studies have indicated that dysbiosis of the gut microbiota is a critical factor in the development of CD,the functional implications of translocated microbiota within the MAT of CD patients remain *** manuscript commentary discusses a recent basic research conducted by Wu et *** their study,intestinal bacteria from individuals were transplanted into CD model mice,revealing that fecal microbiota trans-plantation(FMT)from healthy donors alleviated CD symptoms,whereas FMT from CD patients exacerbated these ***,FMT was found to affect intestinal permeability,barrier function,and the levels of proinflammatory factors and ***,these findings suggest that targeting MAT and CrF may hold therapeutic potential for patients with ***,the study did not evaluate the composition of the intestinal microbiota of the donors or the subsequent alterations in the gut ***,the gut microbiota plays a crucial role in the histopathology of CD,and thus,targeting MAT and CrF may represent a promising avenue for treatment in this patient population.

关键词： Crohn's disease Mesenteric adipose tissue Creeping fat Fecal microbiota transplantation Gut microbiota

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Repetitive traumatic brain injury–induced complement C1–related inflammation impairs long-term hippocampal neurogenesis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 821-835页

作者： Jing Wang Bing Zhang Lanfang Li Xiaomei Tang Jinyu Zeng Yige Song Chao Xu Kai Zhao Guoqiang Liu Youming Lu Xinyan Li Kai Shu department of Neurosurgery Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei ProvinceChina department of Neurosurgery Shanxi Bethune HospitalShanxi Academy of Medical SciencesTongji Shanxi HospitalThird Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanShanxi ProvinceChina department of Pathophysiology School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei ProvinceChina Institute for Brain Research Wuhan Center of Brain ScienceHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei ProvinceChina department of Graduate Student Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina department of Basic Medicine School of Medical ScienceHubei University for NationalitiesEnshiHubei ProvinceChina department of Anatomy School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei ProvinceChina

Repetitive traumatic brain injury impacts adult neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus,leading to long-term cognitive ***,the mechanism underlying this neurogenesis impairment remains *** this study,we established a male mouse model of repetitive traumatic brain injury and performed long-term evaluation of neurogenesis of the hippocampal dentate gyrus after repetitive traumatic brain *** results showed that repetitive traumatic brain injury inhibited neural stem cell proliferation and development,delayed neuronal maturation,and reduced the complexity of neuronal dendrites and *** with repetitive traumatic brain injuryalso showed deficits in spatial memory ***,following repetitive traumatic brain injury,neuroinflammation was enhanced in the neurogenesis microenvironment where C1q levels were increased,C1q binding protein levels were decreased,and canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling was *** inhibitor of C1 reversed the long-term impairment of neurogenesis induced by repetitive traumatic brain injury and improved neurological *** findings suggest that repetitive traumatic brain injury–induced C1-related inflammation impairs long-term neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus and contributes to spatial memory retrieval dysfunction.

关键词： complement C1 dendrite dentate gyrus hippocampus neural stem cell neurogenesis neuroinflammation neurological function neuron traumatic brain injury

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Advances in therapies using mesenchymal stem cells and their exosomes for treatment of peripheral nerve injury:state of the art and future perspectives

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第11期20卷 3151-3171页

作者： Fatima Aldali Chunchu Deng Mingbo Nie Hong Chen department of Rehabilitation Medicine Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei ProvinceChina department of Orthopedics Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei ProvinceChina

“Peripheral nerve injury”refers to damage or trauma affecting nerves outside the brain and spinal *** nerve injury results in movements or sensation impairments,and represents a serious public health *** severed peripheral nerves have been effectively joined and various therapies have been offered,recovery of sensory or motor functions remains limited,and efficacious therapies for complete repair of a nerve injury remain *** emerging field of mesenchymal stem cells and their exosome-based therapies hold promise for enhancing nerve regeneration and *** stem cells,as large living cells responsive to the environment,secrete various factors and *** latter are nano-sized extracellular vesicles containing bioactive molecules such as proteins,microRNA,and messenger RNA derived from parent mesenchymal stem *** have pivotal roles in cell-to-cell communication and nervous tissue function,offering solutions to changes associated with cell-based *** ongoing investigations,mesenchymal stem cells and mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosome-based therapies are in the exploratory stage.A comprehensive review of the latest preclinical experiments and clinical trials is essential for deep understanding of therapeutic strategies and for facilitating clinical *** review initially explores current investigations of mesenchymal stem cells and mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes in peripheral nerve injury,exploring the underlying ***,it provides an overview of the current status of mesenchymal stem cell and exosomebased therapies in clinical trials,followed by a comparative analysis of therapies utilizing mesenchymal stem cells and ***,the review addresses the limitations and challenges associated with use of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes,offering potential solutions and guiding future directions.

关键词： clinical trials exosome extracellular vesicles mesenchymal stem cells nerve regeneration peripheral nerve injury pre-clinical experiments

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Prediction of Shear Bond Strength of Asphalt Concrete Pavement Using Machine Learning Models and Grid Search Optimization Technique

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2025年第1期142卷 691-712页

作者： Quynh-Anh Thi Bui Dam Duc Nguyen Hiep Van Le Indra Prakash Binh Thai Pham Civil Engineering department University of Transport Technology54 Trieu KhucThanh XuanHanoi100000Vietnam DDG(R)Geological Survey of India Gandhinagar382010India

Determination of Shear Bond strength(SBS)at interlayer of double-layer asphalt concrete is crucial in flexible pavement *** study used three Machine Learning(ML)models,including K-Nearest Neighbors(KNN),Extra Trees(ET),and Light Gradient Boosting Machine(LGBM),to predict SBS based on easily determinable input ***,the Grid Search technique was employed for hyper-parameter tuning of the ML models,and cross-validation and learning curve analysis were used for training the *** models were built on a database of 240 experimental results and three input variables:temperature,normal pressure,and tack coat *** validation was performed using three statistical criteria:the coefficient of determination(R2),the Root Mean Square Error(RMSE),and the mean absolute error(MAE).Additionally,SHAP analysis was also used to validate the importance of the input variables in the prediction of the *** show that these models accurately predict SBS,with LGBM providing outstanding ***(Shapley Additive explanation)analysis for LGBM indicates that temperature is the most influential factor on ***,the proposed ML models can quickly and accurately predict SBS between two layers of asphalt concrete,serving practical applications in flexible pavement structure design.

关键词： Shear bond asphalt pavement grid search optimization machine learning

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Salsolinol as an RNA m~6A methylation inducer mediates dopaminergic neuronal death by regulating YAP1 and autophagy

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 887-899页

作者： Jianan Wang Yuanyuan Ran Zihan Li Tianyuan Zhao Fangfang Zhang Juan Wang Zongjian Liu Xuechai Chen Beijing International Science and technology Cooperation Base for Antiviral Drugs College of Chemistry and LifeBeijing University of TechnologyBeijingChina department of Rehabilitation Beijing Rehabilitation HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina

Salsolinol(1-methyl-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline,Sal)is a catechol isoquinoline that causes neurotoxicity and shares structural similarity with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine,an environmental toxin that causes Parkinson's ***,the mechanism by which Sal mediates dopaminergic neuronal death remains *** this study,we found that Sal significantly enhanced the global level of N~6-methyladenosine(m~6A)RNA methylation in PC12 cells,mainly by inducing the downregulation of the expression of m~6A demethylases fat mass and obesity-associated protein(FTO)and alk B homolog 5(ALKBH5).RNA sequencing analysis showed that Sal downregulated the Hippo signaling *** m~6A reader YTH domain-containing family protein 2(YTHDF2)promoted the degradation of m~6A-containing Yes-associated protein 1(YAP1)mRNA,which is a downstream key effector in the Hippo signaling ***,downregulation of YAP1 promoted autophagy,indicating that the mutual regulation between YAP1 and autophagy can lead to *** findings reveal the role of Sal on m~6A RNA methylation and suggest that Sal may act as an RNA methylation inducer mediating dopaminergic neuronal death through YAP1 and *** results provide greater insights into the neurotoxic effects of catechol isoquinolines compared with other studies and may be a reference for assessing the involvement of RNA methylation in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.

关键词： ALKBH5 autophagy FTO Hippo pathway m~6A Parkinson's disease RNA methylation salsolinol YAP1 YTHDF2

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Revisiting the LQR Problem of Singular Systems

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2024年第11期11卷 2236-2252页

作者： Komeil Nosrati Juri Belikov Aleksei Tepljakov Eduard Petlenkov IEEE the department of Computer Systems Tallinn University of Technology the department of software Science Tallinn University of Technology

In the development of linear quadratic regulator(LQR) algorithms, the Riccati equation approach offers two important characteristics——it is recursive and readily meets the existence condition. However, these attributes are applicable only to transformed singular systems, and the efficiency of the regulator may be undermined if constraints are violated in nonsingular versions. To address this gap, we introduce a direct approach to the LQR problem for linear singular systems, avoiding the need for any transformations and eliminating the need for regularity assumptions. To achieve this goal, we begin by formulating a quadratic cost function to derive the LQR algorithm through a penalized and weighted regression framework and then connect it to a constrained minimization problem using the Bellman's criterion. Then, we employ a dynamic programming strategy in a backward approach within a finite horizon to develop an LQR algorithm for the original system. To accomplish this, we address the stability and convergence analysis under the reachability and observability assumptions of a hypothetical system constructed by the pencil of augmented matrices and connected using the Hamiltonian diagonalization technique.

关键词： DC motor optimal control penalized weighted regression power system quadratic regulator singular system

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Exploring gut microbiota as a novel therapeutic target in Crohn’s disease: Insights and emerging strategies

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2025年第2期31卷 147-156页

作者： Tong Qiao Xian-Hui Wen department of Clinical Medicine Jinan UniversityGuangzhou 510632Guangdong ProvinceChina College of Life Science and technology Jinan UniversityGuangzhou 510632Guangdong ProvinceChina

Extensive research has investigated the etiology of Crohn’s disease(CD),encompassing genetic predisposition,lifestyle factors,and environmental ***,the gut microbiome,recognized as the human body’s second-largest gene pool,has garnered significant attention for its crucial role in the patho-genesis of *** paper investigates the mechanisms underlying CD,focusing on the role of‘creeping fat’in disease progression and exploring emerging therapeutic strategies,including fecal microbiota transplantation,enteral nutri-tion,and therapeutic *** fat has been identified as a unique patho-logical feature of CD and has recently been found to be associated with dysbiosis of the gut *** characterize this dysbiotic state by identi-fying key microbiome-bacteria,fungi,viruses,and archaea,and their contributions to CD ***,this paper reviews contemporary therapies,empha-sizing the potential of biological therapies like fecal microbiota transplantation and dietary *** elucidating the complex interactions between host-microbiome dynamics and CD pathology,this article aims to advance our under-standing of the disease and guide the development of more effective therapeutic strategies for managing CD.

关键词： Crohn’s disease Gut microbiome Dysbiosis Creeping fat Fecal microbiota transplantation

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Inspires effective alternatives to backpropagation:predictive coding helps understand and build learning

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第11期20卷 3215-3216页

作者： Zhenghua Xu Miao Yu Yuhang Song School of Health Sciences and Biomedical Engineering Hebei University of TechnologyTianjinChina department of Computer Science University of OxfordOxfordUK

Artificial neural networks are capable of machine learning by simulating the hiera rchical structure of the human *** enable learning by brain and machine,it is essential to accurately identify and correct the prediction errors,referred to as credit assignment(Lillicrap et al.,2020).It is critical to develop artificial intelligence by understanding how the brain deals with credit assignment in neuroscience.

关键词： assignment learning enable

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