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Health correlates, addictive behaviors, and peer victimization among adolescents in China

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2018年第5期14卷 454-460页

作者： Qi-Qi Chen Meng-Tong Chen Yu-Hong Zhu Ko Ling Chan Patrick Ip department of Applied social Sciences The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomHong KongChina department of social work Renmin University of ChinaHaidianBeijingChina department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine The University of Hong KongPokfulamHong KongChina

Background Peer victimization has been recognized as a common social problem affecting children and adolescents in all parts of the world. This study aims to examine the prevalence of different types of peer victimization and to evaluate the associations between peer victimization and health correlates. Methods Using a large population sample of 18,341 adolescents aged 15–17 years from 6 cities in China, this study esti-mated the prevalence of different types of peer victimization, addictive behaviors, and health-related variables with self-administrated questionnaires. A three-phase logistical regression analysis was conducted to investigate the associations between peer victimization and addictive behaviors as well as health-related factors among adolescents. Results A total of 42.9% of the surveyed Chinese adolescents have been bullied by peers, with boys reporting higher rate on overt victimization (36.9%) and girls on relational forms (33.9%). School environment (34.7%) was the most frequent scene of peer violence, followed by neighborhood, family, and internet. Addictive behaviors except substance abuse were found related to higher possibility of peer victimization (aOR 1.21–1.73, P<0.001). Peer victimization was significantly associated with more depressive symptoms, post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms, and suicide ideation and deliberate self-harm (aOR 1.05–2.27, P<0.001), and poorer self-esteem and health-related quality of life (aOR 0.95–0.97, P<0.001). Conclusion Possible explanations of the associations found in this study are discussed and implications for future services are raised.

关键词： Addictive behavior Adolescent Health Peer victimization

SPECIAL ISSUE： MIGRANT workERS IN THE COURSE OF URBANIZATON Wages for migrant workers in the Pearl River Delta： determining factors

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social Sciences in China 2008年第3期29卷 104-120页

作者： Liu Linping Zhang Chunni department of sociology andsocial work Sun Yat-sen University department of sociology Peking University

This article attempts to examine the effect of the enterprise system and social environment under conditions of market transition on the wages of migrant workers using regression analysis of Pearl River Delta migrant worker survey data. The research found that among human capital variables, educational level and length of employment in their present firms have a significant positive effect on the wages of migrant workers, while age and gender also have a significant effect; among enterprise system variables, the type of work also significantly influences wages, demonstrating clear stratification. Industry, scale and firm type do not significantly influence wages, regardless of labor contract or labor supply status. social capital variables and social environmental factors do not have a significant effect on peasant-worker wage levels. The article therefore concludes that migrant worker wages are highly marketized and are at one extreme of a segmented dual labor market. They lack intra-firm labor markets and promotion mechanisms, are little influenced by changes in labor market conditions, and show no regional variations. They represent low wages of an extreme rigidity.

关键词： peasant-worker wages human capital social capital enterprise system social environment

From the backyard to collective gardens in the “blue-courtyard”: Reversing the process of upgrading historic timber-framed courtyard buildings in Madrid

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2024年第2期13卷 265-283页

作者： Esperanza Gonzalez-Redondo department of Architecture University of AlcalaMadridSpain

This paper presents an analytical framework for evaluating the impact of the two main processes identified in Madrid timber-framed courtyard buildings reinforcing the courtyard's crucial role in architectural heritage sustainability:their development caused dwellings to darken(1737–1950),and the existing challenge is to open new patios according to the listed buildings'protection *** findings in archival research and existing building assessments led to completed data collection and *** exploring construction expansion,from the house towards the collective prototype around a gradually reduced patio and dwelling darkening(1737–1786),buildings resulted in open,semiopen,underlighted and closed *** area on-site assessment uncovered the transition from the older low-rise type(1–3)floors to the modern closed model of up to(4–6)*** enlargements,consequently reducing original green areas and courtyards,call for reversing that process or formulating a new *** debates the partial demolition of listed buildings in upgrades and its agreement with the needed“blue courtyard”strategy(PGOUM),resulting from joining new rear individual patios to create a communal building block *** uncovered“in-between”type(1864),which integrates two open-air collective spaces,an inner courtyard and a back garden,appears challenging to explore.

关键词： Courtyard Sustainabledesign Architectural heritage Archives Timber-framed construction social housing

Prevalence of Gender-Based Violence among Sex workers in Bangui, Central African Republic (CAR)

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Advances in Sexual Medicine 2024年第2期14卷 13-20页

作者： D. Mossoro-Kpinde Hermione S. C. Diemer Henri R. Tende Nzengou Richard S. Siki Francis J. D. D. Tekpa Bertrand Ministry of Labor Employment Social Protection and Vocational Training Bangui Central African Republic department of Public Health Faculty of Health Sciences University of Bangui Bangui Central African Republic Community of the Tree of Life Bangui Central African Republic Traumatology department The Central African Republic RCA Community Hospital Bangui Central African Republic

Background: Violence against women has become an international public health and human rights issue in recent decades. The violence suffered by sex workers is of little interest for research, yet it constitutes a major health and safety problem. We propose to assess the extent of the phenomenon of gender-based violence (GBV) among sex workers (SWs) in the city of Bangui in the CAR. Methodology: This is a descriptive cross-sectional epidemiological study covering the period from July to October 2021 carried out among SWs in Bangui, the capital of the CAR. Given that the SWs association had only 159 members in Bangui, an exhaustive sampling was retained. Were included in the study, any SW present during the data collection period and having given their written consent. The parameters studied were socio-demographic characteristics: age, sex, residence, level of education, marital status, and characteristics linked to violence: the notion of violence during their professional activity, the type of violence, the declaration and the declaration if necessary, the response and management of this violence. The data collected was analyzed using Epi info version 7 software. Results: Of the 159 SWs that counted the association, 108 had been included. The average age was 27.0 years with extremes of 14 and 46 years. The age groups of 25 to 34 years were the most represented (43.5%). Fifty-six SWs (51.9%) had reached the secondary level. Unemployed SWs were in the majority at 74.1%;Sixty-six (66) SWs in our sample (61.1%) had already been victims of violence during the exercise of their activity Sexual violence was the most represented (28.5%) followed by verbal violence (22.4%). Sixty-eight (62.9%) wanted to stop the professional activity of SWs and 93.1% would accept another income-generating activity in place of sex work. Conclusion: It is necessary to supervise SWs and protect them within the framework of respect for human rights, rather than criminalizing them and the exploit

关键词： Female Sex workers Gender-Based Violence Central African Republic

How well are families doing?A description of family well-being in South Africa

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2016年第3期4卷 9-18页

作者： Nicolette Vanessa Roman Serena Ann Isaacs Charl Davids Xin-Cheng Sui department of social work University of the Western CapeBellvilleSouth Africa department of Psychology University of the Western CapeBellvilleSouth Africa

Objective:The purpose of this study was to describe the well-being of a sample of families from low socioeconomic communities in the Western Cape South Africa in terms of family resil-ience,family satisfaction,parenting styles,family structure and family ***:The study used a descriptive survey design and sampled 358 adult family ***:The results indicate that although family functioning is challenged,parents are per-ceived to be using an authoritative parenting style and having a father present enhances family *** results also describe families as displaying low-to-average levels of family ***:This study provides a descriptive study of a sample of families in the Western Cape,South *** the families in this study are not doing very *** implications and significance of these findings are further explained.

关键词： Family functioning family resilience family satisfaction family well-being parenting styles South Africa

Inaugural Message from Editors-in-Chief

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Journal of social Computing 2020年第1期1卷 I0001-I0004页

作者： James Evans Xiaoming Fu Jar-Der Luo Faculty Director of Computational social Science Knowledge Lab at the University of Chicago and the Santa Fe Institute the University of Gottingen Germany department of sociology Tsinghua University Tsinghua social Network Research Center

On behalf of the Editorial Board,it is our privilege to present the first issue of the Journal of social Computing,affectionately shortened *** computing concerns the intersection of social behavior and computational *** focused on recreating human social conventions and contexts through software and technology,we propose its expansion to the full interface between social interaction and computation.

关键词： Message computing behalf

A novel clinical artificial intelligence model for disease detection via retinal imaging

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The Innovation 2024年第2期5卷 11-12页

作者： Yidian Fu Liang Ma Sheng Wan Shengfang Ge Zhi Yang department of Ophthalmology Ninth People’s HospitalShanghai JiaoTong University School of MedicineShanghai 200011China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology Shanghai 200011China PCA Lab Key Lab of Intelligent Perception and Systems for High-Dimensional Information of Ministry of EducationNanjing 210000China Jiangsu Key Lab of Image and Video Understanding for social Security School of Computer Science and EngineeringNanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing 210000China

Artificial intelligence(AI)is an emerging field in which computerized systems are used to carry out complex tasks in place of *** AI algorithms have been developed for disease diagnosis and prediction and treatment recommendation across various clinical data types,e.g.,chest X-rays,electrocardiograms,and other radiological images.1 In ophthalmology,particularly,great progress has been made in AI systems over the past *** fundus photography(CFP)and optical coherence tomography(OCT),which are readily available in routine clinical practice,are both mainstream and useful retinal imaging modalities in *** September 2023,the 2023 Lasker-Debakey Clinical Medical Research Award was awarded to three scientists for their work on OCT for accurate retinal disease detection.

关键词： clinical routine diagnosis

Through a Scanner Darkly:Machine Sentience and the Language Virus

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Journal of social Computing 2023年第4期4卷 254-269页

作者： Maurice Bokanga Alessandra Lembo John Levi Martin the department of sociology The University of ChicagoChicagoIL 60637USA

Discussions of the detection of artificial sentience tend to assume that our goal is to determine when,in a process of increasing complexity,a machine system“becomes”*** is to assume,without obvious warrant,that sentience is only a characteristic of complex *** sentience is a more general quality of matter,what becomes of interest is not the presence of sentience,but the type of *** argue here that our understanding of the nature of such sentience in machine systems may be gravely set back if such machines undergo a transition where they become fundamentally linguistic in their *** fundamentally linguistic intelligences may inherently tend to be duplicitous in their communication with others,and,indeed,lose the capacity to even honestly understand their own form of *** other words,when machine systems get to the state where we all agree it makes sense to ask them,“what is it like to be you?”,we should not trust their answers.

关键词： artificial intelligence machine sentience language virality

Association between Long-Term Exposure to PM_(2.5) Inorganic Chemical Compositions and Cardiopulmonary Mortality: A 22-Year Cohort Study in Northern China

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Environment & Health 2024年第8期2卷 530-540页

作者： Hongyue Sun Xi Chen Wenzhong Huang Jing Wei Xueli Yang Anqi Shan Liwen Zhang Honglu Zhang Jiayu He Chengjie Pan Jingjing Li Jing Wu Tong Wang Jie Chen Yuming Guo Shilu Tong Guanghui Dong Nai-Jun Tang department of Occupational and Environmental Health School of Public HealthTianjin Medical UniversityTianjin 300070China Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment Nutrition and Public Health Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjin 300070China Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment Nutrition and Public Health Tianjin 300070China Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Major Diseases in the Population Ministry of EducationTianjin Medical UniversityTianjin 300070China Climate Air Quality Research UnitSchool of Public Health and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourne 3004Australia department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Earth System Science Interdisciplinary CenterUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMaryland 20740United States Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University Ji nan 250021ShandongChina National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 100050China department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public HealthTianjin Medical UniversityTianjin 300070China School of Public Health Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan 030001China School of Public Health and social work Queensland University of TechnologyBrisbane 4072QLD Australia National Institute of Environmental Health Chinese Centre for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 100021China Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment Department of Occupational and Environmental HealthSchool of Public HealthSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510080China

Particulate matter with diameters≤2.5μm(PM_(2.5))has been identified as a significant air pollutant contributing to premature ***,the specific compositions within PM_(2.5) that play the most crucial role remain unclear,especially in areas with high pollution *** study aims to investigate the individual and joint mortality risks associated with PM_(2.5) inorganic chemical compositions and identify primary *** 1998,we conducted a prospective cohort study in four northern Chinese cities(Tianjin,Shenyang,Taiyuan,and Rizhao).Satellite-based machine learning models calculated PM_(2.5) inorganic chemical compositions,including sulfate(SO_(4)^(2–)),nitrate(NO_(3)^(–)),ammonium(NH_(4)^(+)),and chloride(Cl^(-)).A time-varying Cox proportional hazards model was applied to analyze associations between these compositions and cardiorespiratory mortality,encompassing nonaccidental causes,cardiovascular diseases(CVDs),nonmalignant respiratory diseases(RDs),and lung *** quantile-based g-computation model evaluated joint exposure effects and relative contributions of the *** analysis was used to identify vulnerable *** 785,807 person-years of follow-up,5812(15.5%)deaths occurred from nonaccidental causes,including 2932(7.8%)from all CVDs,479(1.3%)from nonmalignant RDs,and 552(1.4%)from lung *** interquartile range(IQR)increase in SO_(4)^(2–)was associated with mortality from nonaccidental causes(hazard ratio:1.860;95%confidence interval:1.809,1.911),CVDs(1.909;1.836,1.985),nonmalignant RDs(2.178;1.975,2.403),and lung cancer(1.773;1.624,1.937).In the joint exposure model,a simultaneous rise of one IQR in all four compositions increased the risk of cardiorespiratory mortality by at least 36.3%,with long-term exposure to SO_(4)^(2–)contributing the most to nonaccidental and cardiopulmonary *** with higher incomes and lower education levels were found to be more vulnerable.

关键词： PM_(2.5)inorganic chemical compositions mortality cohort study cardiorespiratory disease joint association