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Thou shalt not get fat: Medical representations and self-images of obesity in a Mediterranean society

Health 2013年第7期5卷 1180-1189页

作者： Mabel Gracia-Arnaiz department of Anthropology Philosophy and Social Work University Rovira i Virgili Tarragone Spain

This paper examines the link between lipophobia and representations and experiences of obesity in Catalonia (Spain) from two points of view: that of the physicians and other health professionals who diagnose and treat obesity as an illness, and that of their patients, especially those between adolescence and early adulthood. The qualitative data demonstrate that the increasing social rejection of fat people can be traced not only to moralizing discourses on “excessive” food consumption or the commodification of slenderness and health, but also to the recent definition of obesity as a disease. The medicalization of fatness, far from helping to destigmatize obesity, is becoming a way of resignifying it in moral terms. While doctors’ and patients’ perspectives diverge in some ways, they converge in others. In this text, I focus on the points of convergence arguing that biomedical understandings of obesity and overweight are characterized by a profound ambivalence. Young patients are regarded both as innocent victims of a permissive consumer society, and guilty of not following doctors’ orders. Although the family is held accountable for overweight or obesity in children, as young people become more independent, guilt is individualized and environmental causes are limited to inappropriate diet and insufficient exercise. Most narratives of young people with weight problems reflect similar ideas about the causes and the responsibility for obesity. Their acceptance of the basic premise that deviating from weight standards and rules for healthy eating are voluntary actions leads them to lose faith in themselves. The stigmatization of obesity thus becomes a vicious circle: the obese acceptance—even consider normal—the incriminations leveled at them, and blame themselves for their situation and their inability to prevent it.

关键词： Obesity Medicalization Lipophobia Stigmatization Young People

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Biocultural Diversity of Sarangani Province, Philippines: An Ethno-Ecological Analysis

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Rice science 2015年第3期22卷 138-146页

作者： Florence Lasalita ZAPICO Catherine Hazel AGUILAR Angelie ABISTANO Josephine Carino TURNER Lolymar Jacinto REYES Science department College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Mindanao State University-Fatima Graduate School Crop Science Cluster University of the Philippines Los Baos College Galing Foundation Incorporated Dole Philippines Agrarian Reform Beneficiaries Cooperative Inc.Homes sociology department College of Social Sciences and Humanities Mindanao State University-Fatima

This paper discussed effects of lowland-associated influences on upland ecology, food security and biocultural diversity in the Sarangani farming communities of the Philippines. In the uplands of Sarangani Province, the conservation of traditional rice varieties, the centrality of rice in tribal life, and the continued observance of planting rituals attest to its cultural significance and convey a common desire for cultural preservation and community solidarity. Economic and socio-political pressures had transformed tribal communities, although vestiges of traditional farming systems are still being practiced in remote sitios（villages）. Changing land use patterns had also resulted in shrinking farm sizes and consequently in food insecurity in the Sarangani uplands. Extractive industries（i.e. logging, mining and charcoal making） and swidden farming were observed to cause widespread environmental degradation, while modern agriculture had undermined the capacity of indigenous peoples to survive because of their complete dependence on lands and resources. With the reality that cultural and biological diversities are inextricably linked, trans-disciplinary strategies coupling indigenous knowledge systems with scientific knowledge should, therefore, be instituted to save the Sarangani upland ecosystem, the indigenous peoples and their tribal resources.

关键词： indigenous knowledge system rice swidden farming traditional agriculture

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Fostering firm innovativeness:Understanding the sequential relationships between human resource practices,psychological empowerment,innovative work behavior,and firm innovative capability

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International Journal of Innovation Studies 2024年第1期8卷 76-91页

作者： Ruba Sami Al Daboub Amro Al-Madadha Ahmad Samed Al-Adwan Business Administration department Princess Sumaya University for TechnologyAmmanJordan department of Business Technology Business SchoolHourani Center for Applied Scientific ResearchAl-Ahliyya Amman UniversityAmmanJordan

This study investigated the relationships between human resource(HR)practices,employee psychological empowerment,employee innovative work behavior,and firm innovation capability in the context of the Information and Communication Technology(ICT)sector in *** the social Exchange Theory(SET)as a guiding framework,this study explored how employee psychological empowerment and innovative work behavior mediated the influence of HR practices on a firm’s innovative *** on extensive data collected from ICT organizations in Jordan,our analysis had several key findings.A significant positive correlation between HR practices and psychological empowerment was *** design emerged as the most influential factor affecting psychological empowerment,whereas compensation had a weaker ***,we established that psychological empowerment significantly enhanced innovative work behavior,underscoring its role as a catalyst for innovative work behavior within the ***,our study supported the theory that psychological empowerment influenced a firms’innovation capabilities,emphasizing the pivotal role of employee empowerment in driving firm-level innovation in the Jordanian ICT *** findings provide insights for academic and practical audiences,clarifying how HR practices,employee psychological empowerment,and innovative work behavior collectively influenced firm innovation capability within the unique context of the Jordanian ICT sector.

关键词： Human resources practices Psychological empowerment Innovative work behavior Firm innovative capability social exchange theory Job design

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Measuring Public School Competition from Private Schools: A Gravity-Based Index

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Journal of Geographic Information System 2011年第4期3卷 306-311页

作者： Kaustav Misra Guangqing Chi department of Economics Saginaw Valley State University department of sociology and social Science Research Center Mississippi State University

This research develops a gravity-based index of public school competition from private schools within local markets. Proponents of educational reform often call for policies to increase competition between schools. A major hurdle for researchers examining this issue is to determine a workable definition of “competition” by which they can measure the degree of competition within local markets. This study addresses this challenge by developing a school competition index for public schools in the Jackson metropolitan area of Mississippi, USA that considers the enrollments in public schools and the enrollments in their neighboring private schools, as well as the distances between them. The school competition index reveals the degree of competition for each public school based on its spatial location relative to peer private schools operating within its service area. This methodology can be useful for evaluating competition in other markets and redefining the traditional market structure.

关键词： Public School Gravity-Based Index Market Competition Education

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Subjective social Status,Income Inequality and Subjective Perceptions of Mobility(2003-2013)

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social Sciences in China 2019年第3期40卷 70-88页

作者： Chen Yunsong Fan Xiaoguang School of social and Behavioral Sciences Nanjing University department of sociology Zhejiang University 不详

Using a sample of over 90,000 urban and rura1 residents from the Chinese social Survey(CSS)and China Genera1 social Survey(CGSS)from 2003 to 2013,we analyzed the structural features and influencing factors underlying subjective social status in *** findings indicate that over these years,such identification has consistently assumed the shape of a bowling pin:those who“identify with a low social status”account for more than half of respondents,a much higher proportion than in most *** the individual level,the net effect on subjective social status of such objective indicators as education,income and occupation has been relatively small,and lessened over the ten *** correlation between subjective perceptions of mobility and subjective social status is quite strong,but the upward impetus provided by perceptions of upward mobility weakened over the *** the macro-level,the tempo of economic growth failed to raise the level of class identification,and income inequality had a markedly negative *** research findings further demonstrate that curbing the income gap and increasing opportunities for mobility are important for raising the level of class identification during the transition period.

关键词： class identification subjective social status social stratification income inequality social mobility

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Increased physical activity, physician recommendation, and senior center participation

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Health 2013年第12期5卷 8-18页

作者： James H. Swan Keith Turner Shilpa Shashidhara David Sanders Clinical Ethics Center Memorial Health System Springfield USA department of Psychology Sociology and Social Work Angelo State University San Angelo USA Programs in Applied Gerontology University of North Texas Denton USA

Physical activity is a recognized preventive health measure for seniors and an important focus for senior centers. This paper employs the Andersen Behavioral Model to explore increased physical activity and participation in three types of senior center activities: physical fitness, dance/aerobic classes, and chair exercises. Data were collected in 2006 on 798 and in 2007 on 742 participants at 21 multipurpose senior centers in a large urban county. Logistic regression analysis (PROC RLOGIST in SAS-callable SUDAAN) was employed to predict increased physical activity, with modes of center participation in physical activity as mediating factors. Predisposing and enabling factors predicted both engaging in center-based exercise programs and increases in physical activity;but the strongest predictors of increases in physical activity were needed factors: physician recommendations to increase exercise and to lose weight. Implications are that both SCs and healthcare providers are important to promote physical activity in the older population.

关键词： Physical Activity Senior Centers Physician Recommendations Patient Compliance Andersen Behavioral Model

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Can Education Make Us Healthier? An Urban-Rural Comparative Analysis Based on the Chinese General social Survey of 2010

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social Sciences in China 2015年第1期36卷 64-82页

作者：胡安宁 Lin Jingfeng department of sociology Fudan University

In modern society, educational achievement＇s impact on individual lives is reflected not only in economic benefits in the labor market but also in various ＂intangible returns.＂ Based on national data from the Chinese General social Survey of 2010, our analysis of the urbanrural disparity and mediating factors in the health benefits of educational achievement shows that education has positive returns in terms of health for both urban and rural residents, but the returns to compulsory education and senior middle school differ for the two groups. This difference may be caused by the gap in the quality of compulsory education between urban and rural areas. Therefore, a linchpin of the relevant education policies should be encouragement of ＂urban-rural integration＂ in terms of the quality rather than just the quantity of education and the universalizing of senior middle school education in rural areas.

关键词： educational achievement health level economic status healthy lifestyles human capital

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Patterns of Violence Experienced by Women Victims of Domestic Violence in Bengaluru City:A Cross-sectional Study

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Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine 2023年第3期9卷 195-199页

作者： K.A.Jyothsna Kannappa V.Shetty Sanjeev Kumar Mahesh Ganeshan department of Psychiatry Abhaya HospitalBengaluruKarnatakaIndia School of social work Indira Gandhi National Open UniversityNew DelhiIndia department of PSS in Disaster Management NIMHANSBengaluruKarnatakaIndia

Introduction:Domestic violence has negative effects on the physical health and mental health of *** violence takes various forms:physical,psychological,sexual,and emotional *** organizations are working with women and their families to prevent and reduce instances of *** current study aimed to understand the various patterns of violence among women victims of domestic *** and Methods:The sample of 30 women approaching the women’s helpline,in Bengaluru was considered for the study using a cross-sectional *** interview schedule for assessing patterns of violence was *** statistics were used for analyzing the ***:The majority of the respondents(50%)were in the age group of 20-29 years,more than half(53.3%)were homemaker and the majority(70%)stayed in nuclear family *** than one-fourth reported severe physical violence such as pushing,slapping,and *** of the respondents reported husbands to be perpetrators of violence,60%reported violence as a habit,and the majority reported dowry harassment as the reason for ***:Mental health professionals need to work on the root cause of habitual violence and dowry harassment perpetrated by the spouse and empower the victims.

关键词： Domestic violence mental health patterns of violence women’s helpline

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Frontiers of Nursing 2022年第3期9卷 285-293页

作者： Michael Rovithis Argyroula Kalaitzaki Sofia Koukouli Nikos Rikos Martha Kelesi Georgia Fasoi Manolis Linardakis Areti Stavropoulou department of Nursing School of Health SciencesHellenic Mediterranean UniversityCrete 71410Greece department of social work School of Health SciencesHellenic Mediterranean UniversityCrete 71410Greece department of Nursing School of Health and Care SciencesUniversity of West AtticaAthens 12243Greece department of social Medicine Faculty of MedicineUniversity of CreteHeraklion 70013Greece

Objective:To determine the levels of burnout among Greek nurses during the first wave of Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic and to investigate the relationship among levels of burnout,satisfaction and concern about information,personal protection equipment(PPE),and safety for ***:A cross-sectional study was *** were collected by using the Burnout subscale of the Greek version of the Professional Quality of Life *** concerning satisfaction and concern about information,PPE,and safety for COVID-19 were *** sampling method was *** statistics and multiple linear regression analysis were applied,and distributions were tested for their symmetry using Bloom’s ***:The sample comprised of 301 nurses working in public and private hospitals in Greece.A moderate level of burnout was found among the Greek nurses(mean=29.95,±4.75).Regarding satisfaction and concern about information,PPE,and safety for COVID-19,nurses expressed overall low satisfaction with a mean score of 1.96(±0.77),and high levels of concern with a mean score of 3.19(±0.85).Increased satisfaction regarding the information provided was significantly associated with decreased levels of burnout(β=-1.32,P<0.001),and increased concern for COVID-19 was significantly associated with increased levels of burnout(β=0.83,P=0.010).Conclusions:Greek nurses expressed low satisfaction concerning information,PPE,and safety for COVID-19 and high levels of concern of possible COVID-19 ***,a moderate level of burnout was found.

关键词： Burnout syndrome COVID-19 nurses satisfaction quality

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Critical analysis of the literature investigating urogenital function preservation following robotic rectal cancer surgery

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2016年第11期8卷 744-754页

作者： Sofoklis Panteleimonitis Jamil Ahmed Mick Harper Amjad Parvaiz department of Colorectal Surgery Poole Hospital School of Health Sciences and social work University of Portsmouth

AIM To analyses the current literature regarding the urogenital functional outcomes of patients receiving robotic rectal cancer surgery. METHODS A comprehensive literature search of electronic databases was performed in October 2015. The following search terms were applied: "rectal cancer" or "colorectal cancer" and robot* or "da Vinci" and sexual or urolog* or urinary or erect* or ejaculat* or impot* or incontinence. All original studies examining the urological and/or sexual outcomes of male and/or female patients receiving robotic rectal cancer surgery were included. Reference lists of all retrieved articles were manually searched for further relevant articles. Abstracts were independently searched by two authors. RESULTS Fifteen original studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. A total of 1338 patients were included; 818 received robotic, 498 laparoscopic and 22 open rectal cancer surgery. Only 726(54%) patients had their urogenital function assessed via means of validated functional questionnaires. From the included studies, three found that robotic rectal cancer surgery leads to quicker recovery of male urological function and five of male sexual function as compared to laparoscopic surgery. It is unclear whether robotic surgery offers favourable urogenital outcomes in the long run for males. In female patients only two studies assessed urological and threesexual function independently to that of males. In these studies there was no difference identified between patients receiving robotic and laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery. However, in females the presented evidence was very limited making it impossible to draw any substantial conclusions. CONCLUSION There seems to be a trend towards earlier recovery of male urogenital function following robotic surgery. To evaluate this further, larger well designed studies are required.

关键词： Rectal neoplasms Robotic surgical procedures Colorectal surgery Sexual dysfunction Physiological Urinary bladder Neurogenic Humans

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