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Machine learning applications in stroke medicine:advancements,challenges,and future prospectives

Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第4期19卷 769-773页

作者： Mario Daidone Sergio Ferrantelli Antonino Tuttolomondo Internal medicine and Stroke Care Ward Department of Health PromotionMother and Child CareInternal Medicine and Medical SpecialtiesUniversity of Palermo Molecular and Clinical medicine PhD Program University of Palermo

Stroke is a leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide,necessitating the development of advanced technologies to improve its diagnosis,treatment,and patient *** recent years,machine learning techniques have emerged as promising tools in stroke medicine,enabling efficient analysis of large-scale datasets and facilitating personalized and precision medicine *** abstract provides a comprehensive overview of machine learning’s applications,challenges,and future directions in stroke *** introduced machine learning algorithms have been extensively employed in all the fields of stroke *** learning models have demonstrated remarkable accuracy in imaging analysis,diagnosing stroke subtypes,risk stratifications,guiding medical treatment,and predicting patient *** the tremendous potential of machine learning in stroke medicine,several challenges must be *** include the need for standardized and interoperable data collection,robust model validation and generalization,and the ethical considerations surrounding privacy and *** addition,integrating machine learning models into clinical workflows and establishing regulatory frameworks are critical for ensuring their widespread adoption and impact in routine stroke *** learning promises to revolutionize stroke medicine by enabling precise diagnosis,tailored treatment selection,and improved *** research and collaboration among clinicians,researchers,and technologists are essential for overcoming challenges and realizing the full potential of machine learning in stroke care,ultimately leading to enhanced patient outcomes and quality of *** review aims to summarize all the current implications of machine learning in stroke diagnosis,treatment,and prognostic *** the same time,another purpose of this paper is to explore all the future perspectives these techniques can provide in combating this disabling dis

关键词： cerebrovascular disease deep learning machine learning reinforcement learning stroke stroke therapy supervised learning unsupervised learning

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Glucagon-like peptide 1 agonists are potentially useful drugs for treating metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第30期30卷 3541-3547页

作者： Maurizio Soresi Lydia Giannitrapani department of health promotion Sciences Maternal and Infant CareInternal Medicine and Medical Specialties(PROMISE)University of PalermoPalermo 90127Italy

In this editorial,we comment on Yin et al’s recently published Letter to the *** particular,we focus on the potential use of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists(GLP-1RAs)alone,but even more so in combination therapy,as one of the most promising therapies in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD),the new definition of an old condition,non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,which aims to better define the spectrum of steatotic *** is well known that GLP-1RAs,having shown outstanding performance in fat loss,weight loss,and improvement of insulin resistance,could play a role in protecting the liver from progressive *** clinical trials have shown that,among GLP-1RAs,semaglutide is a safe,well-studied therapeutic choice for MASLD patients;however,most studies demonstrate that,while semaglutide can reduce steatosis,including steatohepatitis histological signs(in terms of inflammatory cell infiltration and hepatocyte ballooning),it does not improve *** of therapies with different but complementary mechanisms of action are considered the best way to improve efficiency and slow disease progression due to the complex pathophysiology of the *** particular,GLP-1RAs associated with antifibrotic drug therapy,dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide(GIP)/GLP-1RA or GLP-1 and glucagon RAs have promoted greater improvement in hepatic steatosis,liver biochemistry,and non-invasive fibrosis tests than ***,although to date there are no definitive indications from international drug agencies,there is the hope that soon the therapeutic lines in the most advanced phase of study will be able to provide a therapy for MASLD,one that will certainly include the use of GLP-1RAs as combination therapy.

关键词： Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Glucagon-like peptide 1 Semaglutide Liver fibrosis Therapy

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Network analysis of the relationships between depressive symptoms and social participation activities among Chinese older adults and its implications for nursing

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International Journal of Nursing Sciences 2024年第4期11卷 465-472,I0002页

作者： Yebo Yu Hewei Min Wei Pan Ping Chen Xuxi Zhang Xinying Sun department of social medicine and health Education School of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijingChina Center for Geriatric health Research Peking UniversityBeijingChina

Objective:Network analysis was used to explore the complex inter-relationships between social participation activities and depressive symptoms among the Chinese older population,and the differences in network structures among different genders,age groups,and urban-rural residency would be ***:Based on the 2018 wave of the Chinese Longitudinal healthy Longevity Survey(CLHLS),12,043 people aged 65 to 105 were *** 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression(CESD)Scale was used to assess depressive symptoms and 10 types of social participation activities were collected,including housework,tai-chi,square dancing,visiting and interacting with friends,garden work,reading newspapers or books,raising domestic animals,playing cards or mahjong,watching TV or listening to radio,and organized social activities.R 4.2.1 software was used to estimate the network model and calculate strength and bridge ***:21.60%(2,601/12,043)of the participants had depressive *** total social participation score was negatively associated with depressive symptoms after adjusting for sociodemographic *** network of social participation and depressive symptoms showed that“D9(Inability to get going)”and“S9(Watching TV and/or listening to the radio)”had the highest strength within depressive symptoms and social participation communities,respectively,and“S1(Housework)”,“S9(Watching TV and/or listening to the radio)”,and“D5(Hopelessness)”were the most prominent bridging nodes between the two *** edges linking the two communities were negative.“S5(Graden work)-D5(Hopelessness)”and“S6(Reading newspapers/books)-D4(Everything was an effort)”were the top 2 strongest negative *** females had signiﬁcantly denser network structures than older *** to older people aged 65e80,the age group 81e105 showed higher network global ***:This study provides novel insights into the complex relationships between social

关键词： Depressive symptoms Network analysis Older adults Sex characteristics social participation

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Understanding pediatric surgical needs in North Korea: a modeling analysis

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World Journal of Pediatric Surgery 2024年第1期7卷 47-53页

作者： Phillip J Hsu Sangchul Yoon Kee B Park University of Michigan Ann ArborMichiganUSA department of Global health and social medicine Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA department of Medical Humanitiesand social Sciences Yonsei University SeoulSouth Korea

Background Sixty-five percent of children worldwide lack access to surgical care,the majority of whom live in low-income and middle-income countries(LMiCs).Developing surgical infrastructure requires information on surgical need;however,this information is often limited in *** Korea(Democratic People's Republic of Korea,DPRK)has a low amount of publicly available ***,we analyzed available modeled data to understand the causes of pediatric deaths due to conditions treatable with surgery in *** We used World Bank data and models from the Institute for health Metrics and Evaluation to identify causes of pediatric deaths affecting pediatric patients(agehealthcare more efficiently than economic peers,DPRK may benefit from improvement in pediatric surgical *** availability of data and close international collaboration could be potential solutions to bridge this gap.

关键词： pediatric surgical injuries

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Twin studies as an innovative approach to address research questions in cancer care within primary care settings

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Family medicine and Community health 2024年第S2期12卷 58-62页

作者： Monalisha Sahu department of Occupational health All India Institute of Hygiene and Public HealthKolkataIndia department of Preventive&social medicine All India Institute of Hygiene and Public HealthKolkataIndia

This paper proposes the utilisation of twin studies as a novel and powerful methodological approach to investigate critical research questions pertaining to cancer prevention,screening,diagnosis,treatment and survivorship within primary care *** inherent genetic similarity between monozygotic(MZ)(identical)twins provides a unique opportunity to disentangle genetic and environmental influences on cancer-related *** twins share virtually identical genetic makeup,offering a unique opportunity to discern the relative contributions of genetic and environmental factors to cancer-related *** contrast,dizygotic(DZ)twins,also known as fraternal twins,develop from two separate eggs fertilised by two different sperm and share on average 50%of their genetic material,the same level of genetic similarity found in non-twin *** between MZ and DZ twins enable researchers to disentangle hereditary factors from shared environmental *** methodology has the potential to advance our understanding of the multifaceted interplay between genetic predisposition,lifestyle factors and healthcare interventions in the context of cancer *** paper outlines the rationale,design considerations and potential applications of twin studies in primary care-based cancer research.

关键词： prevention identical similarity

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Positive health:An integrated quantitative approach in patients with chronic gastrointestinal and hepato-pancreatico-biliary disorders

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第28期30卷 3418-3427页

作者： Anja H W M Lemlijn-Slenter Karolina AP Wijnands Gijs van der Hamsvoort Luuk P van Iperen Nico Wolter Angelique E de Rijk Ad AM Masclee department of social medicine Faculty of HealthMedicine and Life sciencesCare and Public Health Research Institute Maastricht UniversityMaastricht 6200 MDLimburgNetherlands Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal MedicineSchool of Nutrition and Translational Research in MetabolismMaastricht 6200 MDLimburgNetherlands social Medical Affairs Employee Insurance Agency(UWV)Heerlen 6400 ACLimburgNetherlands department of Research Academic Knowledge Center Work and Health South-East Netherlands(AKAG-ZON)Heerlen 6400 ACLimburgNetherlands

BACKGROUND The concept of positive health(PH)supports an integrated approach for patients by taking into account six dimensions of *** approach is especially relevant for patients with chronic *** gastrointestinal and hepatopancreatico-biliary(GI-HPB)disorders are among the top-6 of the most prevalent chronically affected organ *** impact of chronic GI-HPB disorders on individuals may be disproportionally high because:(1)The affected organ system frequently contributes to a malnourished state;and(2)persons with chronic GIHPB disorders are often younger than persons with chronic diseases in other organ *** To describe and quantify the dimensions of PH in patients with chronic GI-HPB *** Prospective,observational questionnaire study performed between 2019 and 2021 in 235 patients with a chronic GIHPB disorder attending the Outpatient department of the Maastricht University Medical *** questionnaires and data from patient files were used to quantify the six dimensions of *** consistency was tested with McDonald’s ***-order Pearson correlations and t-tests were used to assess associations and differences.A P value<0.05 was considered *** The GI-HPB patients scored significantly worse in all dimensions of PH compared to control data or norm scores from the general *** quality of life,participation and daily functioning,GI-HPB patients scored in the same range as patients with chronic disorders in other organ systems,but depressive symptoms(in 35%)and malnutrition(in 45%)were more frequent in patients with chronic GI-HPB *** scores between the six dimensions were only very weak to weak,forcing us to quantify each domain *** All six dimensions of PH are impaired in the GI-HPB *** and depressive symptoms are more prevalent compared to patients with chronic disorders in other organ systems.

关键词： Positive health Chronic gut disorders Gastrointestinal disorders Hepato-pancreatico-biliary disorders Integrated care

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Suicide risk in juvenile open angle glaucoma patients

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第10期17卷 1880-1886页

作者： Hye-Jeong Seong Sukyoung Jung Sooyeon Choe department of Ophthalmology Chungnam National University HospitalDaejeon 35015Republic of Korea department of Ophthalmology Chungnam National University College of MedicineDaejeon 35015Republic of Korea department of health Care Policy Research Korea Institute for Health and Social AffairsSejong 30147Republic of Korea

AIM:To investigate the association between juvenile open angle glaucoma(JOAG)and mental health among ***:This study used nationally representative data from the 8th Korea National health and Nutrition Examination Survey(KNHANES)*** diagnosis followed the International Society of Geographical and Epidemiological Ophthalmology criteria based on glaucomatous structural defects,visual field defects,corrected vision,and intraocular *** outcomes,suicidal behaviors,psychiatric counseling,and depression were evaluated through mental health *** ratios(ORs)with 95%confidence intervals(CIs)were estimated using logistic regression models,adjusting for ***:Among 7090 participants,3446 met the inclusion criteria for analysis,and 88(2.6%)were diagnosed with open angle glaucoma(OAG).After adjusting for age,sex,and best-corrected visual acuity(VA),participants with OAG were revealed to have significantly higher odds of suicidal behaviors(i.e.,ideation,planning,or attempts)compared with those without OAG(OR:2.70;95%CI:1.12-6.54;P=0.028).This association remained significant after further adjustments for socioeconomic status,lifestyle factors,and presence of chronic conditions(P=0.031 and 0.035,respectively).However,there was no significant difference for the other two outcomes,psychiatric counseling and *** age-stratified analysis revealed a stronger association between OAG and suicidal behaviors in younger JOAG participants(<40y)than in older OAG participants(≥40y;OR:3.80 vs 2.22;95%CI:0.79-18.22 vs 0.56-8.80,respectively).CONCLUSION:OAG patients show a higher risk of suicidal behaviors than those without glaucoma particularly in JOAG patients.

关键词： glaucoma juvenile open angle glaucoma suicide suicidal behavior

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Limited social Support,but Comparable health Literacy and Service Utilization,Among Elderly People Living Alone—Six PLADs,China,May-September 2020

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China CDC weekly 2024年第39期6卷 1011-1016页

作者： Hao Lin Meijun Chen Yuhui Shi Ying Ji Yuting Lin Wangnan Cao Chun Chang department of social medicine and health Education School of Public HealthPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina Center for healthy Aging Peking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina School of Public health The University of Hong KongHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina

What is already known about this topic?The proportion of elderly living alone in China is approximately 10%.Living away from family poses enormous challenges for older *** is added by this report?Compared to those living with family,elderly individuals living alone exhibit a lower registration rate with general practitioners and have less social *** are the implications for public health practice?While the current health service system for elderly people living alone is working relatively well,there is a need for additional programs to enhance social support and improve their social well-being.

关键词： alone elderly service

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A Latent Class Analysis of Lifestyle Patterns in Relation to Depressive Symptoms Among Adolescents—Jiangsu Province,China,2022

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China CDC weekly 2024年第40期6卷 1028-1032,I0001页

作者： Linyuan Lai Xin Wang Ying Li Yan Wang Hui Xue Xiaoyan Ni Yifan Chen Lijun Fan Jie Yang Wei Du School of Public health Southeast UniversityNanjing CityJiangsu ProvinceChina department of Child and Adolescent health promotion Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionNanjing CityJiangsu ProvinceChina

What is already known about this topic?Interventions aimed at modifying lifestyle behaviors can effectively reduce the risk of depression among *** lifestyle behaviors tend to be interconnected;thus,changes to one behavior can often lead to changes in others,usually occurring *** is added by this report?Adolescents from Jiangsu Province displayed distinct lifestyle patterns,with those engaging in multiple specific behaviors,such as excessive consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and prolonged screen time,showing increased odds of *** are the implications for public health practice?Early implementation of anti-depression interventions in adolescents should be advocated and prioritized,particularly targeting multiple high-risk lifestyles.

关键词： sugar Jiangsu lifestyle

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Comparative analysis of goat and bovine milk proteins in the improvement of sarcopenia based on host-microbial interactions

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年

作者： Ruoyu Wang Yuxin Ma Meng Sun Lutong Li Zhaofeng Zhang department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene， School of Public health， Peking University department of social medicine and health Education， School of Public health， Peking University Beijing's Key Laboratory of Food Safety Toxicology Research and Evaluation

Introduction: Diet intervention， especially supplementation with high-quality protein， is considered to be a critical strategy in sarcopenia. However， different sources and types of protein have different health impacts. Objectives: The aim of this study is to explore the differences in the ameliorative effects and mechanisms of different sources and types of proteins on sarcopenia， providing an optimal path for the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia. Methods: A sarcopenia model was established by intraperitoneal injection of dexamethasone (5 mg/kg). Sixty male C57BL/6 mice (8 months old) were randomly divided into the normal control， sarcopenia， goat whey protein， goat milk casein， bovine whey protein， and bovine milk casein groups. Animals were treated for eight consecutive weeks. Organism-level and molecular phenotypes， 16S rRNA gene sequencing， and untargeted metabolomics profiling based on GC-TOF/MS were employed to investigate the correlation between host metabolism， microbial metabolism， autophagy and inflammation and their influence on sarcopenia in C57BL/6 male mice. Results: All four proteins increased muscle mass， and goat whey protein improved muscle strength in sarcopenic mice. Goat and bovine milk proteins promoted muscle regeneration by increasing MyoD1 and MyoG expression， and the former had a more distinct effect in inducing autophagy and decreasing inflammation than the latter. In addition， goat whey protein and casein could modulate host-microbial arginine co-metabolism. Notably， goat milk proteins responded well to sarcopenia comorbidities， including sarcopenic obesity， osteosarcopenia， and osteoarthritis. Conclusions: The study confirmed that goat milk proteins were more effective than bovine milk proteins for the control of sarcopenia. Moreover， we found that whey protein and casein could modulate host-microbial arginine co-metabolism， which shows their potential as precision nutritional supplements for the management of sarcopenia. Our

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