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Understanding pediatric surgical needs in North Korea: a modeling analysis

World Journal of Pediatric Surgery 2024年第1期7卷 47-53页

作者： Phillip J Hsu Sangchul Yoon Kee B Park University of Michigan Ann ArborMichiganUSA department of Global Health and social medicine Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA department of Medical Humanitiesand social Sciences Yonsei University SeoulSouth Korea

Background Sixty-five percent of children worldwide lack access to surgical care,the majority of whom live in low-income and middle-income countries(LMiCs).Developing surgical infrastructure requires information on surgical need;however,this information is often limited in LMICs.North Korea(Democratic People's Republic of Korea,DPRK)has a low amount of publicly available data.Here,we analyzed available modeled data to understand the causes of pediatric deaths due to conditions treatable with surgery in DPRK.Methods We used World Bank data and models from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation to identify causes of pediatric deaths affecting pediatric patients(age<20 years).We compared mortality of disease between DPRK and countries with similar economic status.Results Between 1990 and 2019,the number of overall pediatric deaths has decreased.In 2019,32.2%of allpediatric deaths in DPRK were caused by surgical conditions.The leading categories of surgical conditions were injuries(53.9%),congenital conditions(34.2%),tumors(8.8%),and abdominal conditions(3.2%).DPRK has a lower relative rate of pediatric deaths compared with other LMICs with similar gross domestic product per capita.However,it has a higher relative rate of pediatric deaths due to conditions requiring treatment with surgery.Transport injuries contribute significantly to the high rate of pediatric deaths in DPRK.Conclusions Although DPRK may be allocating overall resources toward pediatric healthcare more efficiently than economic peers,DPRK may benefit from improvement in pediatric surgical capacity.Improved availability of data and close international collaboration could be potential solutions to bridge this gap.

关键词： pediatric surgical injuries

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Community Needs Assessment in Relation to Urban Heat Effects: A Study in Greater Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2018年第9期31卷 705-711页

作者： Li Ping WONG Haridah Alias Nasrin Aghamohammadi Nik Meriam Nik Sulaiman Julius Centre University of Malaya (JCUM) Department of Social and Preventive Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Malaya Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health Department of Social and Preventive Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Malaya department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Malaya

Urban areas usually experience higher temperatures compared with their rural surroundings; this is characterized as urban heat islands （UHIs）, which are the result of environmental overheating due to anthropic activities. Urban areas,which are characterised by massive construction that reduce local vegetation coverage, are subject to the absorption of a large amount of solar radiation,which is only partially released into the atmosphere by radiation in the thermal infrared.

关键词： A Study in Greater Kuala Lumpur Community Needs Assessment in Relation to Urban Heat Effects Malaysia

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Development and evaluation of the health belief model scale for exercise

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International Journal of Nursing Sciences 2020年第S01期7卷 23-30页

作者： Shiyan Wu Xinglin Feng Xinying Sun Department of Social Medicine and Health Education School of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijingChina

Objectives:This study was aimed to develop a health belief model scale for exercise among Chinese residents to describe the relationships between health beliefs and exercise for promoting residents to adopt or maintain exercise programs.Methods:Participants were from two projects,Project 1 with 3833 participants and Project 2 with 7319 participants.A pool of 21 items was developed based on a small-scale qualitative study about health beliefs of exercise and literature.Internal consistency and construct validity of the scale were evaluated with Cronbach'sαcoefficient,exploratory factor analysis(EFA),confirmatory factor analysis(CFA)and second-order confirmatory factor analysis.Results:A final version of 18 items loaded on six factors which could explain 60.30-%of variance was observed after EFA.The internal consistency of the final version with 18 items performed in Project 1 was acceptable(0.609).The reliability of the six subscales was good with Cronbach'sαcoefficient of 0.628,0.713,0.628,0.801,0.676 and 0.838 for perceived benefits,perceived objective barriers,perceived subjective barriers,self-efficacy,perceived severity and cues to action,respectively.CFA and second-order CFA indicated a good fit to data.Conclusions:The Health Belief Model Scale for Exercise(HBMS-E)is a valid and reliable instrument to assess health beliefs of exercise among residents in China.Understanding the health beliefs of exercise will help health professionals to develop effective interventions for health and evaluate the effectiveness.

关键词： Exercise Evaluation Health belief model Physical activity Scale

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Complications of modern pancreaticoduodenectomy:A systematic review and meta-analysis

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2022年第6期21卷 527-537页

作者： Stamatios Kokkinakis Evangelos I Kritsotakis Neofytos Maliotis Ioannis Karageorgiou Emmanuel Chrysos Konstantinos Lasithiotakis department of General Surgery University General Hospital of HeraklionHeraklionCrete 71110Greece Laboratory of Biostatistics Division of Social MedicineSchool of MedicineUniversity of CreteHeraklionCrete 71110Greece

Background:In the past decades,the perioperative management of patients undergoing pancreaticoduo-denectomy(PD)has undergone major changes worldwide.This review aimed to systematically determine the burden of complications of PD performed in the last 10 years.Data sources:A systematic review was conducted in PubMed for randomized controlled trials and ob-servational studies reporting postoperative complications in at least 100 PDs from January 2010 to April 2020.Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane RoB2 tool for randomized studies and the method-ological index for non-randomized studies(MINORS).Pooled complication rates were estimated using random-effects meta-analysis.Heterogeneity was investigated by subgroup analysis and meta-regression.Results:A total of 20 randomized and 49 observational studies reporting 63229 PDs were reviewed.Mean MINORS score showed a high risk of bias in non-randomized studies,while one quarter of the ran-domized studies were assessed to have high risk of bias.Pooled incidences of 30-day mortality,overall complications and serious complications were 1.7%(95%CI:0.9%-2.9%;I 2=95.4%),54.7%(95%CI:46.4%-62.8%;I 2=99.4%)and 25.5%(95%CI:21.8%-29.4%;I 2=92.9%),respectively.Clinically-relevant postopera-tive pancreatic fistula risk was 14.3%(95%CI:12.4%-16.3%;I 2=92.0%)and mean length of stay was 14.8 days(95%CI:13.6-16.1;I 2=99.3%).Meta-regression partially attributed the observed heterogeneity to the country of origin of the study,the study design and the American Society of Anesthesiologists class.Conclusions:Pooled complication rates estimated in this study may be used to counsel patients scheduled to undergo a PD and to set benchmarks against which centers can audit their practice.However,cautious interpretation is necessary due to substantial heterogeneity.

关键词： Pancreaticoduodenectomy Postoperative complications Meta-analysis Postoperative pancreatic fistula

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Does topical vancomycin prevent fracture-related infections in closed fractures undergoing open reduction and internal fixation?A randomised controlled trial

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Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2024年第2期27卷 71-76页

作者： Mohit Gandhi Gopisankar Balaji Jagdish Menon Ruben Raj Thomas department of Orthopaedics Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and ResearchPondicherryIndia department of Preventive and social medicine Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and ResearchPondicherryIndia

Purpose:The role of topical vancomycin in fracture-related infection(FRI)is debatable.Very few studies have reported their efficacy in open and high-risk extremity fractures.This study aimed to assess topical vancomycin's role in reducing FRI in closed fractures undergoing open surgical intervention with an implant.Methods:This prospective randomized cohort study was carried out between February 2021 to January 2022.Patients with isolated closed fractures,who were planned for open reduction and internal fixation within 2 weeks from the time of injury were included for this study.The data collected included age,gender,socioeconomic status,mechanism of injury,diagnosis,Tscherne classification,and time interval to take up for surgery.Patients were randomized into the intervention and control groups using the block randomization technique.The control group received only systemic antibiotic prophylaxis,whereas the intervention group received topical application of vancomycin powder in the surgical wound alongside systemic antibiotic prophylaxis.The primary outcome measure was the incidence of FRI among these individuals.Clinical and radiological findings and culture reports(in cases with infection)were recorded during the post-operative period and at 6 weeks of follow-up.All relevant statistical calculations were done using STATA statistical/data analysis-parallel edition version 16.0(StataCorp LLC).The quantitative variables like age and duration of the surgery were assessed for normalcy by Shapiro-Wilk W test.An independent samples t-test with equal variances was applied to the age data.Fisher's exact test was used for the analysis of the primary outcome measure(presence of FRI following surgery),and"Risk of FRI"and"Risk difference"between the 2 groups was calculated.The strength of the association between qualitative variables was assessed using the Fisher's exact and Chi-square tests,respectively.Results:There were 88 patients included in this study.No statistical significance was found about FRI between both grou

关键词： Infections Antibiotics Vancomycin Fractures

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A case of nodular posterior scleritis simulating intraocular tumor

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2019年第4期12卷 685-688页

作者： Yukiko Shibata Satoru Kase Kenichi Namba Susumu Ishida department of Ophthalmology Social Medical Corporation Tokeidai Memorial Hospital department of Ophthalmology Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine Hokkaido University

Dear Editor,I am Dr. Yukiko Shibata, from the department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of medicine and Graduate School of medicine, Hokkaido University. I write to present the case of posterior scleritis simulating intrao... 详细信息

关键词： nodular posterior scleritis intraocular tumor

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Pentoxifylline versus prednisolone for severe alcoholic hepatitis:A randomized controlled trial

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第13期15卷 1613-1619页

作者： Binay Krishna De Subhabrata Gangopadhyay Deep Dutta Sumanta Das Baksi Adyapad Pani Pramit Ghosh department of medicine Medical College & Hospitals department of Preventive and social medicine Medical College & Hospitals

AIM:To compare the efficacy of pentoxifylline and prednisolone in the treatment of severe alcoholic hepatitis,and to evaluate the role of different liver function scores in predicting prognosis.METHODS:Sixty-eight patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis(Maddrey score≥32)received pentoxifylline(n=34,groupⅠ)or prednisolone(n=34,groupⅡ) for 28 d in a randomized double-blind controlled study,and subsequently in an open study(with a tapering dose of prednisolone)for a total of 3 mo,and were followed up over a period of 12 mo.RESULTS:Twelve patients in groupⅡdied at the end of 3 mo in contrast to five patients in groupⅠ.The probability of dying at the end of 3 mo was higher in groupⅡas compared to groupⅠ(35.29%vs 14.71%,P=0.04;log rank test).Six patients in groupⅡ developed hepatorenal syndrome as compared to none in groupⅠ.Pentoxifylline was associated with a significantly lower model for end-stage liver disease(MELD)score at the end of 28 d of therapy(15.53±3.63 vs 17.78±4.56,P=0.04).Higher baseline Maddrey score was associated with increased mortality.CONCLUSION:Reduced mortality,improved risk-benefit profile and renoprotective effects of pentoxifylline compared with prednisolone suggest that pentoxifylline is superior to prednisolone for treatment of severe alcoholic hepatitis.

关键词：酒精性肝炎己酮可可碱肝病诊断方法

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Sex-specific effects of social networks on the prevalence, awareness, and control of hypertension among older Korean adults

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2016年第7期13卷 580-586页

作者： Jiwon Baek Nam Wook Hur Hyeon Chang Kim Yoosik Youm department of Sociology Yonsei University College of Social Sciences Seoul South Korea department of Preventive medicine Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul South Korea

BackgroundHypertension 是在更老的成年人之中的普通长期的疾病，并且与医药复杂并发症和死亡被联系。试图在更旧的 adults.MethodsThe 朝鲜语聚会生活，健康，和老化工程(KSHAP ) 之中在高血压的流行，了解，和控制上检验社会网络特... 详细信息

BackgroundHypertension 是在更老的成年人之中的普通长期的疾病，并且与医药复杂并发症和死亡被联系。试图在更旧的 adults.MethodsThe 朝鲜语聚会生活，健康，和老化工程(KSHAP ) 之中在高血压的流行，了解，和控制上检验社会网络特征的效果的这研究会见了 814 ≥；从在 2011 年 12 月和 2012 年 3 月之间的一个农村镇区的 60 岁的居民和他们的配偶(反应率：95%) 。我们从 595 个参加者评估了数据。Multivariate 逻辑回归模型被用来在观察强壮的性特定的网络在高血压的流行，了解，和控制上完成的 hypertension.ResultsWe 上估计网络特征的效果。在老妇人之中，网络密度与高血压了解被联系[机会比率(或) ：2.63， 95% 信心间隔(CI ) ：1.03-5.37 ] 并且控制(或：1.72；95% CI：0.94-3.13 ) 。在老人之中，大网络与高血压的更低的流行被联系(或：0.75；95% CI：0.58-0.96 ) 。比作老妇人，有粗糙的网络的老人展出了更好的高血压了解(或：0.37；95% CI：0.14-0.95 ) 并且控制(或：0.42；95% CI：0.19-0.91 ) 。网络尺寸为高血压控制与密度交往了(P = 0.051 ) ，与与被联系的控制高血压大并且功课 networks.ConclusionsA 大网络为高血压与更低的风险被联系，并且一个粗糙的网络在老人之中与高血压了解和控制被联系。有稠密的网络的老妇人是最可能的展出高血压了解和控制。

关键词：网络特性高血压老年人控制率患病率异性性别可信区间

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Protection against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection during the second wave among individuals with pre-existing binding antibodies to SARS-CoV-2: A population-based study from Puducherry, India

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical medicine 2023年第10期16卷 476-478页

作者： Premkumar Ramasubramani Dhanajayan Govindan Nandini Balakrishnan Krishnan Tamilarasu Kadhiravan Sitanshu Sekhar Kar department of Preventive and social medicine Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research(JIPMER)PuducherryIndia department of General medicine Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research(JIPMER)PuducherryIndia

During the COVID-19 pandemic,several studies have shown that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)infection is associated with a substantial reduction in the risk of subsequent reinfection with a... 详细信息

关键词： infection acute respiratory

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Cytokine levels in patients with chikungunya virus infection

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical medicine 2013年第8期6卷 631-634页

作者： Chintana Chirathaworn Yong Poovorawan Somrat Lertmaharit Norra Wuttirattanakowit department of Microbiology Faculty of Medicine Chulalongkorn University department of Pediatrics Faculty of Medicine Chulalongkorn University department of Preventive and social medicine Faculty of Medicine Chulalongkorn University Narathiwatratchanakharin Hospital

Objective: To investigate cytokine profile in patients with chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection. Methods: Twenty eight pairs of serum samples collected from CHIKV infected patients during the outbreak of chikungunya fever in South Thailand in 2008 were obtained. A multiple cytokine assay for detection of 17 cytokines was performed. Results: In the acute stage of CHIKV infection, the patients had significantly higher levels of interleukin-6, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, monocyte chemotactic protein 1 and tumor necrosis factor alpha than the control ( P<0.001, P=0.023, P=0.015, P <0.001 and P=0.024, respectively). When the disease developed to the recovery stage, the patients had significantly lower levels of interleukin-6, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, monocyte chemotactic protein 1 and macrophage inflammatory protein beta than in the acute stage ( P<0.001). Conclusions: This study provides additional information that these cytokines could play roles in pathogenesis of CHIKV infection and could be used as disease biomarkers or drug targets.

关键词： Chikungunya virus Cytokine Interleukin-6 Granulocyte-macrophage colonystimulating factor Monocyte chemotactic protein 1

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