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Female preferences for male golden snub-nosed monkeys vary with male age and social context

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Current Zoology 2022年第2期68卷 133-142页

作者： Xi YANG Carol M.BERMAN Hanyu Hu Rong Hou Kang HUANG Xiaowei Wang Haitao ZHAO Chengliang WANG Baoguo Li Pei ZHANG Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation College of Life SciencesNorthwest UniversityXi’an 710069China department of Anthropology and Graduate Program in Evolution Ecology and BehaviorState University of New York at BuffaloNY 14261USA Shaanxi Institute of Zoology Shaanxi Province Academy of SciencesXi'an 710032China

Age is a key factor affecting sexual selection,as many physical and social traits are *** studies of primate mate choice often consider particular age-related traits,few consider the collective effects of male *** tested the hypothesis that female golden snub-nosed monkeys Rhinopithecus roxellana prefer prime aged males(10-15 years)over younger and older *** examined a habituated,provisioned troop during a 3-year study in the Qinling Mountains,*** age males were more likely to be resident males of 1-male units(OMUs)than males of other *** females are free to transfer between OMUs,the number of females per OMU can be indicative of female *** examined the number of females per OMU,and found that it increased with resident male age up to 7-8 years,and declined after 12 years,such that prime age resident males had more females than other resident *** also initiated extra-unit copulations with high-ranking prime age males at significantly higher rates than with other ***,females tended to transfer from OMUs with high-ranking,older resident males to those with low-ranking,younger resident ***,females appear to use different strategies when choosing social mates and extra-unit mates(i.e.,different social contexts).We speculate that females may perceive early signs of aging in males and trade off the benefits and costs of high rank versus male *** study lays the groundwork for future studies that examine possible direct and indirect benefits of such strategies.

关键词： extra-unit copulation female transfer male age mate choice 1-male unit Rhinopithecus roxellana

Cuticular bacteria appear detrimental to social spiders in mixed but not monoculture exposure

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Current Zoology 2016年第4期62卷 377-384页

作者： Carl N. KEISER Taylor A. SHEARER lexander E. DEMARCO Hayley A. BRITTINGHAM Karen A. KNUTSON Candice Kuo Katherine ZHAO Jonathan N. PRUITT department of Biological Sciences University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA

Much of an animal's health status, life history, and behavior are dictated by interactions with its endogenous and exogenous bacterial communities. Unfortunately, interactions between hosts and members of their resident bacterial community are often ignored in animal behavior and behavioral ecology. Here, we aim to identify the nature of host-microbe interactions in a nonmodel organism, the African social spider . We collected and identified bacteria from the cuticles of spiders and then exposed spiders to bacterial monocultures cultures via topical application or injection. We also topically inoculated spiders with a concomitant "cocktail" of bacteria and measured the behavior of spiders daily for 24 days after inoculation. Lastly, we collected and identified bacteria from the cuticles of prey items in the capture webs of spiders, and then fed spiders domestic crickets which had been injected with these bacteria. We also injected 1 species of prey-borne bacteria into the hemolymph of spiders. Only caused increased mortality when injected into the hemolymph of spiders, whereas no bacterial monocultures caused increased mortality when applied topically, relative to control solutions. However, a bacterial cocktail of cuticular bacteria caused weight loss and mortality when applied topically, yet did not detectibly alter spider behavior. Consuming prey injected with prey-borne bacteria was associated with an elongated lifespan in spiders. Thus, indirect evidence from multiple experiments suggests that the effects of these bacteria on spider survivorship appear contingent on their mode of colonization and whether they are applied in monoculture or within a mixed cocktail. We urge that follow-up studies should test these host-microbe interactions across different social contexts to determine the role that microbes play in colony performance.

关键词： cuticular bacteria Stegodyphus dumicola sickness behavior social spider

Empirical Analysis for High Quality Software Development

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American Journal of Operations Research 2012年第1期2卷 36-42页

作者： Naomi Honda Shigeru Yamada department of social Management Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Tottori University Tottori Japan IT Software Operations Unit NEC Corporation Tokyo Japan

It remains important for a development organization to configure a software process that enables it to develop software products with the least possible number of defects after shipment. A development organization of CMMI level 5 has, over three years, been strived to improve those software projects that had been noted as having many defects after shipment. In this paper, we discuss our organization’s improvement (Kaizen) activities, to analyze the important matters of software process to be considered when developing a software product with the least possible number of defects after shipment. Our results are identified by three important points;1) early ensured quality by defect detection during design or code review;2) quality assurance for both process quality and product one;and 3) quantitative management by which data of the appropriate resolution can be collected at an appropriate timing.

关键词： Software Process Review Quantitative Management Process Quality Product Quality

A Specific Pattern in the Basal Body Temperature Chart during the First Week of Pregnancy May Warn of a Miscarriage Crisis

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Health 2016年第8期8卷 723-729页

作者： Mayumi Watanabe Yoshinobu Nakamura Chikako Tomiyama Toru Abo department of Medical informatics Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital Niigata Japan Nakamura Seikotsuin Niigata Japan department of Medical Technology Graduate School of Health Sciences Niigata University Niigata Japan Toru Abo Research Centre Niigata Japan

We studied the efficiency of acupuncture for patients who were unable to give birth though they had experienced conventional infertility treatment for more than 2 years by medical specialists. We then investigated characteristics of difficult pregnancy cases with measurement of body temperature and observation of basal body temperature (BBT) charts. Thirty-three patients had acupuncture every week for more than 2 years and 17 of them delivered. At the same time, their cutaneous body temperature was measured at five locations. Moreover, patients and acupuncturists had a weekly discussion of the patient’s BBT chart. The delivery group showed more balanced and higher cutaneous body temperatures than the miscarriage and no pregnancy groups. The delivery group showed a smooth increase in the BBT chart while the miscarriage group showed a specific pattern in shifting temperatures from low to high zones. Acupuncture might suppress excess sympathetic dominance, which induced hyperthermia as well as interruption of pregnancy. Additionally, weekly discussion and medical advice could help patients. However, further study of males, healthy women, or larger, comparative studies exploring the social and cultural background of other countries were needed to add support to these factors.

关键词： Basal Body Temperature (BBT) Chart Miscarriage Kyusaku Ogino Acupuncture Medical Advice

Effect of Depression on Hypertension among Turkish Individuals Aged 30 and over Years

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Health 2014年第14期6卷 1686-1693页

作者： Alaettin Unsal Mustafa Tozun Unal Ayranci department of Public Health Medical Faculty Eskisehir Osmangazi University Eskisehir Turkey department of Public Health Medical Faculty Izmir Katip Celebi University Izmir Turkey Medico social Center Eskisehir Osmangazi University Eskisehir Turkey

Background: It is well known that depression is effective upon the occurrence of hypertension. The aim was to determine the prevalence of depression in the population aged 30 years old and over, and its impact on hypertension. Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study conducted on people aged 30 years and over between Sep., 1st and Oct., 30th 2009 in a region of western Turkey, Eskisehir. The questionnaire included the information about the subjects’ sociodemographic characteristics and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) used to determine those who were at the risk of depression. The data were analyzed using Student’s t test, Chi-square test and Logistic regression analysis. A value of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: According to the Logistic analysis, older age (OR = 16.050), adding extra salt to meals (OR = 2.079), obesity (OR = 2.170) and family history of hypertension (OR = 2.139) were the important risk factors for hypertension (p < 0.05 for each one). It was determined that there was a positive connection between the scores received from the BDI and systolic and diastolic BP values [(rs = 0.151;p < 0.001) and (rs = 0.146;p < 0.001)], respectively. Conclusion: According to the above results, we may conclude that depression is effective upon the occurrence of hypertension.

关键词： Hypertension Depression Turkey Adults Beck Depression Inventory Blood Pressure

Non-pharmaceutical interventions and their relevance in the COVID-19 vaccine rollout in Saudi Arabia and Arab Gulf countries

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2022年第3期7卷 545-560页

作者： Yehya Althobaity Jianhong Wu Michael JTildesley The Zeeman Institute for Systems Biology and Infectious Disease Epidemiology Research School of Life Sciences and Mathematics InstituteUniversity of WarwickCoventryCV47ALUnited Kingdom department of Mathematics Taif UniversityTaifP.O.Box 11099Saudi Arabia Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics Department of Mathematics and StatisticsYork UniversityTorontoOntarioM3J 1P3Canada

In the early stages of the pandemic,Saudi Arabia and other countries in the Arab Gulf region relied on non-pharmaceutical therapies to limit the effect of the pandemic,much like other nations across the *** comparison to other nations in the area or globally,these interventions were successful at lowering the healthcare *** was accomplished via the deterioration of the economy,education,and a variety of other societal *** the end of 2020,the promise of effective vaccinations against SARS-CoV-2 have been realized,and vaccination programs have begun in developed countries,followed by the rest of the *** this,there is still a long way to go in the fight against the *** order to explore disease transmission,vaccine rollout and prioritisation,as well as behavioural dynamics,we relied on an age-structured compartmental *** examine how individual and social behaviour changes in response to the initiation of vaccination campaigns and the relaxation of non-pharmacological ***,vaccination remains the most effective method of containing the disease and resuming normal ***,we evaluate several vaccination prioritisation schemes based on age group,behavioural responses,vaccine effectiveness,and vaccination rollout *** applied our model to four Arab Gulf nations(Saudi Arabia,Bahrain,the United Arab Emirates,and Oman),which were chosen for their low mortality rate compared to other countries in the region or worldwide,as well as their demographic and economic *** fitted the model using actual pandemic data in these *** results suggest that vaccinations focused on the elderly and rapid vaccine distribution are critical for reducing disease *** result also reinforces the cautious note that early relaxation of safety measures may compromise the vaccine's short-term advantages.

关键词： COVID-19 modelling Vaccine efficacy Vaccine rollout NPIs

Multilingual Financial News Retrieval and Smart Recommendation Based on Big Data

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Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong university(Science) 2016年第1期21卷 18-24页

作者：梁野 department of Computer Science Beijing Foreign Studies University

In view of the study of finance and economics information, we research on the real-time financial news posted on the authority sites in the world's major advanced economies. Analyzing the massive financial news of different information sources and language origins, we come up with a basic theory model and its algorithm on financial news, which is capable of intelligent collection, quick access, deduplication, correction and integration with financial news' backgrounds. Furthermore, we can find out connections between financial news and readers' interest. So we can achieve a real-time and on-demand financial news feed, as well as provide a theoretical basis and verification of the scientific problems on real-time processing of massive information. Finally, the simulation experiment shows that the multilingual financial news matching technology can give more help to distinguish the similar financial news in different languages than the traditional method.

关键词：经济数学数量经济学经济控制论经济系统分析

social networks improve leaderless group navigation by facilitating long-distance communication

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Current Zoology 2012年第2期58卷 329-341页

作者： Nikolai W. F. BODE A. Jamie WOOD Daniel W. FRANKS department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Princeton University Princeton NJ 08544 USA York Centre for Complex Systems Analysis University of York YO10 5DD 151（ department of Biology University of York York YO 10 5YW UK department of Mathematics University of York York YO10 5DD UK department of Computer Science University of York York YO 10 5DD UK

Group navigation is of great importance for many animals, such as migrating flocks of birds or shoals of fish. One theory states that group membership can improve navigational accuracy compared to limited or less accurate individual navigational ability in groups without leaders (“Many-wrongs principle”). Here, we simulate leaderless group navigation that includes social connections as preferential interactions between individuals. Our results suggest that underlying social networks can reduce navigational errors of groups and increase group cohesion. We use network summary statistics, in particular network motifs, to study which characteristics of networks lead to these improvements. It is networks in which preferences between individuals are not clustered, but spread evenly across the group that are advantageous in group navigation by effectively enhancing long-distance information exchange within groups. We suggest that our work predicts a base-line for the type of social structure we might expect to find in group-living animals that navigate without leaders [Current Zoology58 (2): 329–341, 2012].

关键词：社会网络通信导航导航精度社会关系汇总统计信息交流社会结构领导人

Mathematical Analysis of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCov) Delay Pandemic Model

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2020年第9期64卷 1401-1414页

作者： Muhammad Naveed Muhammad Rafiq Ali Raza Nauman Ahmed Ilyas Khan Kottakkaran Sooppy Nisar Atif Hassan Soori department of Mathematics Air UniversityIslamabadPakistan Faculty of Engineering university of Central Punjab LahorePakistan department of Mathematics National College of Business Administration and EconomicsLahorePakistan department of Mathematics and Statistics The University of LahoreLahorePakistan Faculty of Mathematics and Statistics Ton Duc Thang UniversityHo Chi Minh72915Vietnam department of Mathematics College of Arts and Science at Wadi AldawaserPrince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz UniversityAlkharjSaudi Arabia

In this manuscript,the mathematical analysis of corona virus model with time delay effect is *** modelling of infectious diseases has substantial role in the different disciplines such as biological,engineering,physical,social,behavioural problems and many *** of infectious diseases are dreadful such as HIV/AIDS,Hepatitis and ***,due to the non-availability of vaccine for 2019-nCov around the world,the delay factors like,social distancing,quarantine,travel restrictions,holidays extension,hospitalization and isolation are used as key tools to control the pandemic of *** have analysed the reproduction number𝐑𝐑𝐧𝐧𝐧𝐧𝐧𝐧𝐧𝐧of delayed *** key strategies from the reproduction number of 2019-nCov model,may be followed,according to the nature of the disease as if it is diminished or present in the *** more delaying tactics eventually,led to the control of *** and global stability of 2019-nCov model is presented for the *** have also investigated the effect of delay factor on reproduction number𝐑R_(nCov).Finally,some very useful numerical results are presented to support the theoretical analysis of the model.

关键词： 2019-nCov delay model reproduction number stability analysis numerical results