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第十五届中国海洋（岸）工程学术讨论会

作者：季小梅汤立群 College of harbour coastal and offshore engineering Hohai University department of sediment research China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research

The Pearl River Estuary (PRE) is a sub-tropical estuary with highly irregular topography and dynamically complicated circulations and hydrographic distributions. Astronomical high tide, storm surge and rainstorm make typhoon No. 9316 one of the most destructive tropical cyclones to impact the China coast. In this study, a nested-grid coastal circulation modelling system is used to examine the storm surge over the PRE during typhoon No. 9316. Based on the Princeton Ocean Model (POM), the nested-grid system consists of a coarse-resolution outer model over China Seas from Bohai Sea to the northern South China Sea, a medium-resolution middle model of the northern South China Sea, and a fine-resolution inner model of the PRE. The modelling system is forced by tides, meteorological forcing and buoyancy forcing associated with freshwater runoff from the Pearl River system. The verification and the parameter calibration are made with the field measured data of the tidal level process, the sea surface temperature and salinity distributions during both the summer and the winter (Tang et al.[1], Ji et al.[2-3]). The nested-grid system is then used to simulate the tidal level changes, and the horizontal and vertical distributions of currents over the PRE and adjacent coastal waters during typhoon No. 9316. The tidal level in the adjacent coastal waters is mainly influenced by the non-linear effect of the typhoon and the tides. The tidal level rises during higher high tide and lower low tide, while drawdown during higher low tide and lower high tide. The larger the tidal range, the more obvious the diurnal inequality. The tidal level near the river inlets is not only influenced by the non-linear effect of the typhoon and the tides, but also affected by the shallow water topography, the freshwater runoff and the complicated coastlines, especially in the Modamen, Yamen and Hongqimen inlets. The strong wind during the typhoon period causes dramatic changes of the velocity fields ov

关键词： storm surge typhoon coastal circulation nested-grid model Pearl River Estuary

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Morphological evolution of the channel-shoal system in the South Channel of the Changjiang Estuary during 1958–2018:Causes and future trends

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2022年第11期32卷 2291-2310页

作者： LUAN Hualong YAO Shiming QU Geng LEI Wentao River research department Changjiang River Scientific Research InstituteWuhan 430010China

The stability of estuarine channel-shoal systems is important for port utilization,navigation maintenance,habitat protection and ecosystem service *** paper uses the South Channel of the Changjiang(Yangtze River)Estuary as a typical example to investigate the channel-shoal adjustment mechanism and its future *** combined approaches of bathymetric data analysis and process-based modeling(Delft3D)are *** analysis of morphological changes indicates that the South Channel experienced remarkable channel-shoal adjustment during 1958–*** evolution was identified,including shoal migration,incision and emergence under natural conditions before the *** then,fluvial sediment decline and local human intervention have interrupted the periodic *** 1986,as river sediment discharge started to decline,the South Channel converted to net erosion,and both the mid-channel shoal at the bifurcation node and the tail of the Ruifeng Shoal showed significant ***-based hydrodynamic simulations revealed that the northern rotation of the mainstream downstream of Wusong triggered the erosion of the Ruifeng Shoal,while unordered sand mining at the shoal tail in approximately 2002 enhanced shoal *** addition,the self-adjustment of the transverse section shape resulted in abnormal accretion in 2002–***,the South Channel underwent overall erosion as sediment discharge decreased to a low level(<150 Mt/a).Five stages of channel-shoal pattern adjustment and accretion/erosion status during the past 60years were defined,i.e.,the accretion stage(1958–1965),remarkable channel-shoal adjustment stage(1978–1986),slow erosion stage(1986–1997),shoal scour and shrinkage stage(1997–2007)and overall channel-shoal erosion stage(2007–2018).Model prediction of the evolutionary trend indicates that overall erosion within the South Channel is most likely to continue in 2015–*** adjustment of the South Channel unde

关键词： channel-shoal pattern morphological evolution process-based modeling South Channel Changjiang Estuary

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Mineral composition and particle size distribution of river sediment and loess in the middle and lower Yellow River

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International Journal of sediment research 2021年第3期36卷 392-400页

作者： Shimin Tian Zhiwei Li Zhaoyin Wang Enhui Jiang Wenlong Wang Meng Sun Key Laboratory of Yellow River sediment Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science Wuhan University State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering Tsinghua University State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Chinese Academy of Sciences department of Water Resources China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research

Hyperconcentrated flows often occur in the middle and lower Yellow River(MLYR) and its tributaries,within which the main sediment source originates from the Loess Plateau of China due to serious water erosion. Little is known about the properties of river sediment that is transported by hyperconcentrated flows, particularly with respect to the mineral composition and size distribution. Samples of sediment and loess were collected in the northern, middle, and southern Loess Plateau and the mainstream and tributaries of the MLYR. A total of 18 loess samples and 24 river sediment samples were analyzed to determine their sediment size distribution and mineral composition. The bottom loess samples reflected the original sedimentary features of the Loess Plateau, and the median particle size reduced, and the clay content increased from the north to the south of the study region. The surface loess has been weathered under the action of wind and rainfall, and the clay particle content in the surface loess samples was higher than that in the undisturbed bottom loess. Erosion of the surface soil due to rainfall and surface runoff means that fine particles(mostly clay) have been washed away. The median diameter of surface loess particles was a little larger than that of the bottom loess particles where water erosion *** particle size became coarser with increasing distance from the estuary in the MLYR, which reflects depositional sorting in the river channel. Significant logarithmic relations were found between the median diameter of the sediment particles and the i) non-clay mineral content and ii) clay mineral content. Thus, clay and non-clay mineral compositions can be conveniently estimated from the particle size distribution.

关键词： River sediment Loess Mineral composition Particle size distribution Clay minerals

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Efficiency of sediment transport by flood and its control in the Lower Yellow River

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2004年第Z1期47卷 173-185页

作者： NI Jinren1, LIU Xiaoyong2, LI Tianhong1, ZHAO Ye’an3 & JIN Ling1 1. department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University The Key Laboratory of Water and Sedi- ment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, China 2. General Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Planning and Design, Ministry of Water Re- sources, Beijing 100011, China 3. The Yellow River Conservancy Commission, Zhengzhou 450003, China department of Environmental Engineering Peking University Beijing China The Key Laboratory of Water and sediment Sciences Ministry of Education Beijing China General Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Planning and Design Ministry of Water Resources Beijing China The Yellow River Conservancy Commission Zhengzhou China

This paper presents the characteristics of sediment transport by flood in the Lower Yellow River with the reach from Huayuankou to Gaocun, which is regarded as a typical braided pattern. The Artificial Neural Network Model on Water Use for sediment Transport (WUST) by flood was established based on the measured data from 1980 to 1998. Consequently, simulations of controlling process of sediment transport by flood were made in terms of the control theory under different scenarios. According to the situation of sediment transport by flood in the Lower Yellow River, Open-Loop control system and feedback control system were adopted in system design. In the Open-Loop control system, numerical simulations were made to reveal the relationship between average discharge of flood and the WUST with varying sediment concentrations. The results demonstrate that sediment concentration has significant influence on the controlling process of flood flow to WUST. It is practical and efficient to control WUST if sediment concentration is less than 20 kg/m3. In the feedback control system, controlling processes of sediment concentration and flood discharge for sediment transport were simulated respectively under given conditions, and it was found that sediment transport process could be controlled completely by sediment concentration and discharge at the inlet of the reach from Huayuankou to Gaocun. Using the same method, controlling processes of sediment transport by flood in other reaches in the Lower Yellow River were also simulated. For the case of sediment concentration being 20 kg/m3, the optimized controlling discharge ranges from 2390 to 2900 m3/s in the lower reach of Huayuankou. This study is also of significance to flood control and flushing sediment in the Lower Yellow River with proper operation modes of Xiaolangdi Reservoir.

关键词： the Lower Yellow River, flood, sediment transport, efficiency, simulation, control.

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COUPLING RELATION OF THE PROCESSES IN SLOPE EVOLUTION

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International Journal of sediment research 2003年第2期 336-347页

作者： Peng HAN,Xingkui WANG,Weiling SUN,Jinren NI department of Hydraulic and Hydropower Engineering department of Hydraulic and Hydropower Engineering department of Environmental Engineering Peking University department of Environmental Engineering Peking University The Key Laboratory for Water and sediment Sciences Ministry of Education Beijing 100871 China The Key Laboratory for Water and sediment Sciences Ministry of Education Beijing 100871 China The Key Laboratory for Water and sediment Sciences Ministry of Education Beijing 100871 China

A series of experiments was conducted to examine topographical variation, runoff erosion, and ion transport processes to explore the coupling relation of the different processes in slope evolution. The series includes 9 sequential experiments. In the first experiment, air-dried, crushed, and sieved loess was incrementally packed into a laboratory flume 5-m long and 1.5-m wide to a depth of 0.8 to 2.6 m. Copper nitrate (Cu(NO3)2)was mixed evenly in the top 0.2-m layer. The initial slope of the hillslope surface relief in the first experiment is 20 degrees and the initial slope of the latter experiments is the terminal relief of the former experiment. Simulated rain, applied at 90 mm/h for 90 min, was held constant in each experiment. The measured items in the experiment included slope elevation, sediment transport rate, and water discharge as well as dissolved and exchangeable nitrate (NO3-N) and copper ion (Cu2+). It was found that the sediment transport process was highly related to the topographical variation at different positions on the slope. Further analysis indicates that headcut erosion is highly related to the area draining to the rill head and landslip generally occurs at a bank with a gradient more than 65 degrees. However, the ion transport process is directly related to the processes of runoff and soil erosion rather than to the topographical variation process. Most NO3-N runs out with water, with infiltration at first and then with runoff, while the loss of Cu2+, which is affected by the pH of the solid-liquid system, is mainly determined by sediment transport owing to the different characteristics of NO3- and Cu2+.

关键词： Slope evolution process Coupling relation Rills

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Constructing heterojunction interface of Co_(3)O_(4)/TiO_(2) for efficiently accelerating acetaminophen degradation via photocatalytic activation of sulfite

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2023年第3期34卷 200-205页

作者： Qiangwei Li Mengmeng Zhang Yongyi Xu Xiaoqi Quan Yiao Xu Wen Liu Lidong Wang department of Environmental Science and Engineering Hebei Key Lab of Power Plant Flue Gas Multi–Pollutants ControlNorth China Electric Power UniversityBaoding 071003China The Key Laboratory of Water and sediment Sciences Ministry of EducationCollege of Environmental Sciences and EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China China Power Hua Chuang Electricity Technology research Company Ltd. Suzhou 215123China

Achieving efficient degradation of organic pollutants via activation of sulfite is meaningful but ***,we have constructed a heterogeneous catalyst system involving Co_(3)O_(4) and TiO_(2) nanoparticles to form the p-n heterojunction(Co_(3)O_(4)/TiO_(2)) to degrade acetaminophen(ACE) through photocatalytic activation of ***,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis and theoretical calculations provide compelling evidence of electron transfer from Co_(3)O_(4) to TiO_(2) at the *** interfacial electron redistribution of Co_(3)O_(4)/TiO_(2) tunes the adsorption energy of HSO_(3)^(-)/SO_(3)^(2-) in sulfite activation process for enhanced the catalytic *** to its unique heterointerface,the degradation efficiency of ACE reached 96.78%within 10 *** predominant active radicals were identified as ·OH,h^(+),and SO_(x)^(·-) through radical quenching experiments and electron spin resonance ***,the possible degradation pathway was deduced by monitoring the generated intermediate ***,the enhanced roles of well-engineered compositing interface in photocatalytic activation of sulfite for complete degradation of ACE were unveiled that it can improve light absorption ability,facilitate the generation of active species,and optimize reactive *** that sulfite is a waste from flue gas desulfurization process,the photocatalytic activation of sulfite system will open up new avenues of beneficial use of air pollutants for the removal of pharmaceutical wastewater.

关键词： Sulfite Photocatalytic activation Charge transfer Heterojunction interface Degradation mechanism

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Two-Dimensional Mathematical Model of Tidal Current and sediment for Oujiang Estuary and Wenzhou Bay

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China Ocean Engineering 2002年第1期17卷 107-122页

作者：陆永军李浩麟董壮陆建宇郝嘉凌 River and Harbor department Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute

A 2-D mathematical model of tidal current and sediment has been developed for the Oujiang Estuary and the Wenzhou Bay. This model accomodates complicated features including multiple islands, existence of turbidity, and significant differ-ence in size distribution of bed material. The governing equations for non-uniform suspended load and bed load transport are presented in a boundary-fitted orthogonal curvilinear coordinate system. The numerical solution procedures along with their initial conditions, boundary conditions, and movable boundary technique are presented. Strategies for computation of the critical condition of deposition or erosion, sediment transport capacity, non-uniform bed load discharge, etc. are suggested. The model verification computation shows that, the tidal levels computed from the model are in good agreement with the field data at the 18 tidal gauge stations. The computed velocities and flow directions also agree well with the values measured along the totally 52 synchronously observed verticals distributed over 8 cross sections. The coraputed tidal water throughputs through the Huangda'ao cross section are close to the measured data. And the computed values of bed deformation from Yangfushan to the estuary outfall and in the outer-sea area are in good agreement with the data observed from 1986 to 1992. The changes of tidal volumes through the estuary, velocities in different channels and the bed form due to the influence of the reclamation project on the Wenzhou shoal are predicted by means of this model.

关键词： mathematical model tidal current non-uniform suspended load non-uniform bed load non-equilibrium transport bed deformation

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Potential Hydrodynamic Performance Enhancement of Hydrokinetic Turbine with Hydrophobic Coatings

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China Ocean Engineering 2021年第6期35卷 924-932页

作者： CHEN Long NG Kai-Wern School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering Changsha University of Science and TechnologyChangsha 410114China department of Civil Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of MalayaKuala Lumpur 50603Malaysia Key Laboratory of Water-sediment Sciences and Water Disaster Prevention of Hunan Province Changsha University of Science and TechnologyChangsha 410114China

Hydrokinetic energy is a promising technology to harness predictable renewable energy from free-flowing water,tides and ocean *** studies have been conducted by researchers and engineers to find out ways to enhance the performance of the hydrokinetic *** current paper reports the experimental study of using hydrophobic coating as an alternative way to improve the performance of hydrokinetic turbine.A hydrophobic coating can lower the friction drag of a surface that is in contact with *** hydrokinetic turbine blade,reduction in friction drag may allow a blade section to have a better lift/drag ratio and have its efficiency *** this study,a formula to predict the pattern of drag reduction over a hydrophobic surface has been *** hydrophobic coatings were applied on NACA 63418 hydrofoils and their performances were *** was found that NACA 63418 hydrofoil with the hydrophobic coatings had its drag reduced by an average of 3%−4.0%.When the coatings were applied on a 350 mm diameter three-bladed turbine,the maximum increment of rotational speed of the turbine was found to be 2.5%.The performance of the two coatings against marine fouling was also *** weight of plate with and without the coatings increased by 10%and 100%,respectively.

关键词： hydrophobic coating hydrokinetic energy marine fouling

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Formation of Equilibrium Beach Profile of the Abandoned Yellow River Delta Coast in North Jiangsu

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China Ocean Engineering 2001年第1期16卷 139-146页

作者：徐敏陆培东雷智益 department of Geography Nanjing Normal University Harbour and River department Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute

The abandoned Yellow River Delta coast is a typical erodible silty and muddy coast in China. The paper analyses the marine dynamic characteristics and the mechanism of beach erosion of this area. Analysis and calculation show that in this sea area wave and tidal current action should be considered. Based on the above analysis, an equilibrium beach profile calculation model is developed, in which the wave-current interaction is considered while sediment supply and sediment re-deposition are neglected. The model consists of four parts: (1) calculation of wave parameters, (2) calculation of velocity due to wave-current interaction at different water depth, (3) calculation of friction velocity and shear stress at different water depths, and (4) calculation of the amount of sediment erosion, erosion intensity and variation of beach profile. Calculated results are in good agreement with observed data. Finally, the evolution tendency is discussed and the equilibrium beach profile of this coast is calculated. B

关键词： equilibrium beach profile wave-current interaction silty and muddy coast abandoned Yellow River Delta

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GSTARS computer models and their applications, part I:theoretical development

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International Journal of sediment research 2008年第3期23卷 197-211页

作者： Chih Ted YANG Francisco J. M. SIMES Borland Prof. of Water Resources and Director of Hydroscience and Training Center Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523-1372 U. S. A. research Hydrologist US Geological Survey Geomorphology and Sediment Transport Laboratory 4620 Technology Drive Suite 400 Golden CO 80403 U. S. A.

GSTARS is a series of computer models developed by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation for alluvial river and reservoir sedimentation studies while the authors were employed by that agency. The first version of GSTARS was released in 1986 using Fortran IV for mainframe computers. GSTARS 2.0 was released in 1998 for personal computer application with most of the code in the original GSTARS revised, improved, and expanded using Fortran IV/77. GSTARS 2.1 is an improved and revised GSTARS 2.0 with graphical user interface. The unique features of all GSTARS models are the conjunctive use of the stream tube concept and of the minimum stream power theory. The application of minimum stream power theory allows the determination of optimum channel geometry with variable channel width and cross-sectional shape. The use of the stream tube concept enables the simulation of river hydraulics using one-dimensional numerical solutions to obtain a semi-two-dimensional presentation of the hydraulic conditions along and across an alluvial channel. According to the stream tube concept, no water or sediment particles can cross the walls of stream tubes, which is valid for many natural rivers. At and near sharp bends, however, sediment particles may cross the boundaries of stream tubes. GSTARS3, based on FORTRAN 90/95, addresses this phenomenon and further expands the capabilities of GSTARS 2.1 for cohesive and non-cohesive sediment transport in rivers and reservoirs. This paper presents the concepts, methods, and techniques used to develop the GSTARS series of computer models, especially GSTARS3.

关键词： Numerical modeling sediment transport Backwater computations Stream tubes Stream power minimization

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