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Sources appointment and health risks of PM_(2.5)-bound trace elements in a coastal city of southeastern China

Journal of environmental sciences 2024年第4期138卷 561-571页

作者： Ziyi Lin Xiaolong Fan Gaojie Chen Youwei Hong Mengren Li Lingling Xu Baoye Hu Chen Yang Yanting Chen Zhiqian Shao Jinsheng Chen Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric environment Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China Key Lab of Urban environment and Health Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy ofSciencesXiamen 361021China University of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100049China Minnan Normal University Zhangzhou 363000China

To gain a comprehensive understanding of sources and health risks of trace elements in an area of China with high population densities and low PM_(2.5)concentrations,15 trace elements(Al,K,Ca,Ti,V,Cr,Mn,Fe,Ni,Cu,Zn,As,Sn,Ba,Pb)in PM_(2.5)were monitored from December 2020 to November 2021 in a representative city,*** concentrations of trace elements in Xiamen displayed an obvious seasonal variation and were dominated by K,Fe,Al,Ca and *** on Positive Matrix Factorization analysis,source appointment revealed that the major sources of trace elements in Xiamen were traffic,dust,biomass and firework combustion,industrial manufacture and shipping *** to health risk assessment combined with the source appointment results,it indicated that the average noncarcinogenic risk was below the threshold and cancer risk of four hazardous metals(Cr,Ni,As,Pb)exceeded the threshold(10^(-6)).Traffic-related source had almost half amount of contribution to the health risk induced by PM_(2.5)-bound trace *** the dust transport period or Spring Festival period,the health risks exceeded an acceptable threshold even an order of magnitude higher,suggesting that the serious health risks still existed in low PM_(2.5)environment at certain *** risk assessment reminded that the health risk reduction in PM_(2.5)at southeastern China should prioritize traffic-related hazardous trace elements and highlighted the importance of controlling vehicles emissions in the future.

关键词： PM_(2.5)-bound trace elements Seasonal variations Source appointment Health risks Traffic-related source

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The source of Double ITCZ induced by the SST bias over the tropical western Pacific as reflected in CAS-ESM2 Model

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Science China Earth sciences 2024年第5期67卷 1604-1615页

作者： Jinning TONG Fei ZHENG Jiangbo JIN Ruowen YANG Jiang ZHU Qingcun ZENG department of Atmospheric sciences Yunnan UniversityKunming 650091China International Center for Climate and environment Science Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China

“Double ITCZ”is a common precipitation bias over the tropical Pacific in current climate models and Earth system models,but the reasons for its formation are still worth exploring and *** this study,we adopted the second version of Chinese Academy of sciences Earth System Model(CAS-ESM2),by comparing a set of sea surface temperature(SST)bias correction experiments over the tropical Pacific,to explore the possible mechanism of SST bias on inducing the“Double ITCZ”from the perspective of the climatic annual mean bias in the coupled *** revealed that the simulated climatic annual mean SST bias over the tropical Pacific can affect the bias of latent heat flux through the saturation specific humidity,and the bias of latent heat flux can further affect that of vertical velocity of humid air by the condensation release mechanism,and finally modulate the simulated bias in ***,through the inter-comparison between different experiments,it is found that the source of Double ITCZ might mainly come from the annual mean SST bias over the tropical western Pacific through the proposed air-sea coupled process of“SST-saturated specific humidity-latent heat flux-vertical velocity-precipitation”,indicating a possible way on reducing the couple biases in models over the tropical Pacific to improve the accuracy of CAS-ESM2 for climate simulation.

关键词： SST bias Double ITCZ Nudging SST CAS-ESM2

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Height-diameter models for King Boris fir(Abies borisii regis Mattf.) and Scots pine(Pinus sylvestris L.) in Olympus and Pieria Mountains, Greece

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第5期21卷 1475-1490页

作者： Dimitrios I.RAPTIS Dimitra PAPADOPOULOU Angeliki PSARRA Athanasios A.FALLIAS Aristides G.TSITSANIS Vassiliki KAZANA Renewable Natural Resource management and Bioeconomy Laboratory Department of Forest and Natural Environment SciencesInternational Hellenic University66100 DramaGreece

In forest science and practice, the total tree height is one of the basic morphometric attributes at the tree level and it has been closely linked with important stand attributes. In the current research, sixteen nonlinear functions for height prediction were tested in terms of their fitting ability against samples of Abies borisii regis and Pinus sylvestris trees from mountainous forests in central Greece. The fitting procedure was based on generalized nonlinear weighted regression. At the final stage, a five-quantile nonlinear height-diameter model was developed for both species through a quantile regression approach, to estimate the entire conditional distribution of tree height, enabling the evaluation of the diameter impact at various quantiles and providing a comprehensive understanding of the proposed relationship across the distribution. The results clearly showed that employing the diameter as the sole independent variable, the 3-parameter Hossfeld function and the 2-parameter N?slund function managed to explain approximately 84.0% and 81.7% of the total height variance in the case of King Boris fir and Scots pine species, respectively. Furthermore, the models exhibited low levels of error in both cases(2.310m for the fir and 3.004m for the pine), yielding unbiased predictions for both fir(-0.002m) and pine(-0.004m). Notably, all the required assumptions for homogeneity and normality of the associated residuals were achieved through the weighting procedure, while the quantile regression approach provided additional insights into the height-diameter allometry of the specific species. The proposed models can turn into valuable tools for operational forest management planning, particularly for wood production and conservation of mountainous forest ecosystems.

关键词： Generalized nonlinear weighted regression Monte Carlo cross-validation Mountainous ecosystems Quantile regression Central Greece

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Atmospheric oxidation capacity and O_(3) formation in a coastal city of southeast China:Results from simulation based on four-season observation

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Journal of environmental sciences 2024年第2期136卷 68-80页

作者： Gaojie Chen Taotao Liu Jinsheng Chen Lingling Xu Baoye Hu Chen Yang Xiaolong Fan Mengren Li Youwei Hong Xiaoting Ji Jinfang Chen Fuwang Zhang Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric environment Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China Key Lab of Urban environment and Health Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China University of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100049China Minnan Normal University Zhangzhou 363000China College of Harbour and Coastal Engineering Jimei UniversityXiamen 361021China environmental Monitoring Center of Fujian Fuzhou 350013China

The pollution of atmospheric ozone in China shows an obvious upward trend in the past ***,the studies on the atmospheric oxidation capacity and O_(3)formation in four seasons in the southeastern coastal region of China with the rapid urbanization remain ***,a four-season field observation was carried out in a coastal city of southeast China,using an observation-based model combining with the Master Chemical Mechanism,to explore the atmospheric oxidation capacity(AOC),radical chemistry,O_(3)formation pathways and *** results showed that the average net O_(3)production rate(14.55 ppbv/hr)in summer was the strongest,but the average O_(3)concentrations in autumn was *** AOC and ROx levels presented an obvious seasonal pattern with the maximum value in summer,while the OH reactivity in winter was the highest with an average value of 22.75 sec^(-1).The OH reactivity was dominated by oxygenated VOCs(OVOCs)(30.6%-42.8%),CO(23.2%-26.8%),NO_(2)(13.6%-22.0%),and alkenes(8.4%-12.5%)in different *** photolysis dominated OH primary source on daytime in winter,while in other seasons,HONO photolysis in the morning and ozone photolysis in the afternoon contributed *** analysis indicated that O_(3)production was controlled by VOCs in spring,autumn and winter,but a VOC-limited and NOx-limited regime in summer,and alkene and aromatic species were the major controlling factors to O_(3)***,the study characterized the atmospheric oxidation capacity and elucidated the controlling factors for O_(3)production in the coastal area with the rapid urbanization in China.

关键词： Atmospheric oxidation capacity Radical chemistry Ozone production Sensitivity analysis

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Exergy Analysis of Charge and Discharge Processes of Thermal Energy Storage System with Various Phase Change Materials:A Comprehensive Comparison

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第2期33卷 509-521页

作者： Mojtaba TAHERI Fathollah POURFAYAZ Roghayeh HABIBI Akbar MALEKI department of Renewable Energies and environment Faculty of New Sciences and TechnologiesUniversity of TehranTehran***Iran Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Shahrood University of TechnologyShahrood***Iran

Thermal energy storage(TES) is of great importance in solving the mismatch between energy production and *** this regard,choosing type of Phase Change Materials(PCMs) which are widely used to control heat in latent thermal energy storage systems,plays a vital role as a means of TES ***,this field suffers from lack of a comprehensive investigation on the impact of various PCMs in terms of *** address this issue,in this study,in addition to indicating the melting temperature and latent heat of various PCMs,the exergy destruction and exergy efficiency of each material are estimated and compared with each ***,in the present work the impact of PCMs mass and ambient temperature on the exergy efficiency is *** results proved that higher latent heat does not necessarily lead to higher exergy ***,to obtain a suitable exergy efficiency,the specific heat capacity and melting temperature of the PCMs must also be *** to the results,LiF-CaF_(2)(80.5%:19.5%,mass ratio) mixture led to better performance with satisfactory exergy efficiency(98.84%) and notably lower required mass compared to other ***,the highest and lowest exergy destruction are belonged to GR25 and LiF-CaF_(2)(80.5:19.5) mixture,respectively.

关键词： exergy analysis phase change materials thermal energy storage exergy efficiency

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Excellent alkali resistance of Fe,Ce and sulfates co-modified V2O5-WO3/TiO2 catalyst for selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第9期42卷 1682-1692页

作者： Biyi Huang Xianfang Yi Jianyi Zhang Yuqiu Liu Yanting Chen Jinsheng Chen Jinxiu Wang Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric environment and Key Lab of Urban Environment and HealthInstitute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of Sciences College of Resources and environment Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fujian Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Prevention Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of sciences

Improving the alkali resistance of catalysts for selective catalytic reduction of NOxwith NH3is still a *** this work,the co-modification with Fe,Ce and sulfates on V2O5-WO3/TiO2catalysts（denoted as xSFeCeVWTi） significantly enhances its alkali resistance with K element as a representative.A series of xSFeCeVWTi catalysts was synthesized by wet impregnation with designed 0.05Fe/V, 1.5Ce/V and different S/V molar ratios *** NOxconversion and K resistance of xSFeCeVWTi catalysts increase with the increase of loading amounts of sulfates but no longer further increase as the sulfates load is excessive to block the pores of catalysts and hinder the adsorption of *** optimal modified catalyst in about 2.2S/V actual loading ratio,corresponding to 10.5SFeCeVWTi sample,shows over 99.0%NOxconversion and N2selectivity at 300-400℃ after *** interaction between Fe,Ce and V improves its redox ability but slightly weakens surface acidity,while the proper amount of sulfate species enriches surface Br?nsted acid sites but attenuates its redox ***,a balance of redox capacity and surface acidity,caused by Fe,Ce and sulfate co-modification,contributes to the excellent K resistance of 10.5SFeCeVWTi ***,the change of physicochemical properties influences the reaction mechanism which follows the Eley-Rideal mechanism on *** *** results show that the co-modification with Fe,Ce and sulfates is a good way to improve the alkali tolerance of V2O5-WO3/TiO2catalyst in industrial applications.

关键词： SCR K resistance K poisoning

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Kinetic scale magnetic holes in the terrestrial magnetosheath:A review

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Science China Earth sciences 2024年第9期67卷 2739-2771页

作者： Quanqi SHI Shutao YAO Maria HAMRIN Ji LIU Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial environment Institute of Space SciencesShandong University department of Physics Ume? University department of Physics University of Alberta

Magnetic holes at the ion-to-electron kinetic scale(KSMHs) are one of the extremely small intermittent structures generated in turbulent magnetized plasmas. In recent years, the explorations of KSMHs have made substantial strides, driven by the ultra-high-precision observational data gathered from the Magnetospheric Multiscale(MMS) mission. This review paper summarizes the up-to-date characteristics of the KSMHs observed in Earth's turbulent magnetosheath, as well as their potential impacts on space plasma. This review starts by introducing the fundamental properties of the KSMHs, including observational features, particle behaviors, scales, geometries, and distributions in terrestrial space. Researchers have discovered that KSMHs display a quasi-circular electron vortex-like structure attributed to electron diamagnetic drift. These electrons exhibit noticeable non-gyrotropy and undergo acceleration. The occurrence rate of KSMH in the Earth's magnetosheath is significantly greater than in the solar wind and magnetotail, suggesting the turbulent magnetosheath is a primary source region. Additionally, KSMHs have also been generated in turbulence simulations and successfully reproduced by the kinetic equilibrium models. Furthermore,KSMHs have demonstrated their ability to accelerate electrons by a novel non-adiabatic electron acceleration mechanism, serve as an additional avenue for energy dissipation during magnetic reconnection, and generate diverse wave phenomena, including whistler waves, electrostatic solitary waves, and electron cyclotron waves in space plasma. These results highlight the magnetic hole's impact such as wave-particle interaction, energy cascade/dissipation, and particle acceleration/heating in space *** end this paper by summarizing these discoveries, discussing the generation mechanism, similar structures, and observations in the Earth's magnetotail and solar wind, and presenting a future extension perspective in this active field.

关键词： Magnetic hole Whistler Magnetic dip/cavity Electron vortex Magnetosheath Turbulence Coherent structure Mirror mode Kinetic scale Electron acceleration

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Tree species identity and interaction determine vertical forest structure in young planted forests measured by terrestrial laser scanning

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第3期11卷 266-275页

作者： Mengxi Wang Lander Baeten Frieke Van Coillie Kim Calders Kris Verheyen Quentin Ponette Haben Blondeel Bart Muys John Armston Hans Verbeeck Q-ForestLab Department of EnvironmentFaculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityBelgium Forest&Nature Lab Department of EnvironmentFaculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityBelgium Earth and Life Institute Université Catholique de Louvain(UCLouvain)Louvain-la-NeuveBelgium department of Earth&environmental sciences KU LeuvenBelgium department of Geographical sciences University of MarylandCollege ParkMDUSA

Vertical forest structure is closely linked to multiple ecosystem characteristics,such as biodiversity,habitat,and *** tree species in planted forests has the potential to create diverse vertical forest structures due to the different physiological and morphological traits of the composing tree ***,the relative importance of species richness,species identity and species interactions for the variation in vertical forest structure remains unclear,mainly because traditional forest inventories do not observe vertical stand structure in *** laser scanning(TLS),however,allows to study vertical forest structure in an unprecedented ***,we used TLS single scan data from 126 plots across three experimental planted forests of a largescale tree diversity experiment in Belgium to study the drivers of vertical forest *** plots were 9–11years old young pure and mixed forests,characterized by four levels of tree species richness ranging from monocultures to four-species mixtures,across twenty composition *** generated vertical plant profiles from the TLS data and derived six stand structural *** mixed models were used to test the effect of species richness on structural *** a hierarchical diversity interaction modelling framework,we further assessed species identity effect and various species interaction effects on the six stand structural *** results showed that species richness did not significantly influence most of the stand structure variables,except for canopy height and foliage height *** identity on the other hand exhibited a significant impact on vertical forest structure across all *** interaction effects were observed to be site-dependent due to varying site conditions and species pools,and rapidly growing tree species tend to dominate these ***,our results highlighted the importance of considering both species identity an

关键词： TreeDivNet FORBIO Stand structural complexity Terrestrial laser scanning Vertical forest structure Tree diversity Planted forests

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Revealing the stability origins of 596 days-humidity-stable semitransparentperovskite solar cells

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第7期94卷 208-216页

作者： Tian Chen Ying Yang Congtan Zhu Weihuang Lin Qilin Dai Xueyi Guo School of Metallurgy and environment Central South UniversityChangsha 410083HunanChina department of Chemistry Physics and Atmospheric SciencesJackson State UniversityJacksonMS 39217USA

Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites(HOIPs)hold promise in the field of optoelectronics due to their excellent photoelectric conversion ***,the ion migration and hygroscopicity of these perovskite solar cells need to be ***,we presented semitransparent perovskite solar cells(ST-PSCs)using hole transport layer(HTL)combined with polyaniline(PANI)to stabilize HTL/perovskite interface,achieving a humidity durability(RH,50%-90%)for 596 days(14304 h)without ***,the decrease in hydrolysis products(LiF)showed the interaction between PANI with the addi-tives in HTL dramatically inhibited the water uptake and corrosion on MAPbI_(3),*** PANI modified samples had a higher I/Pb ratio and lower trap state density,which indicated the passivation effect of PANI on the uncoordinated Pb^(2+)and iodine ***,PANI successfully stabilized the interface and perovskite by inhibiting the formation of Pb^(0) and Au migration as long period *** work presented an interfacial design to develop HOiP in air with high humidity stability.

关键词： HTL/perovskite interface Polyaniline-passivation Humidity-degradation mechanism lon migration

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Facet-dependent transformation and toxicity of nanoscale zinc oxide in the synthetic saliva

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Journal of environmental sciences 2024年第5期139卷 170-181页

作者： Xiang Zhang Yunpeng Huang Jikun Wang Jie Tang YangMei Nali Zhu Zhigang Li Lingxiangyu Li YaweiWang School of environment Hangzhou Institute for Advanced StudyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhou 310024China College of Resources and environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China State Key Laboratory of environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou Institute for Advanced StudyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhou 310024China department of Chemistry University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia 19104USA

The nanoscale zinc oxide(n-ZnO)was used in food packages due to its superior antibac terial activity,resulting in potential intake of n-ZnO through the digestive system,wherein n-ZnO interacted with *** recent,facet engineering,a technique for controlling the exposed facets,was applied to n-ZnO,whereas risk of n-ZnO with specific exposed facets in saliva was *** nanoflakes(ZnO-0001)and nanoneedles(ZnO-1010)with the pri mary exposed facets of{0001}and{1010}respectively were prepared in this study,investigat ing stability and toxicity of ZnO-0001 and ZnO-1010 in synthetic *** ZnO-0001 and ZnO-1010 partially transformed into amorphous Zn_(3)(PO_(4))_(2)within 1 hr in the saliva even containing orgnaic components,forming a ZnO-Zn_(3)(PO_(4))_(2)core-shell *** less,ZnO-1010 relative to ZnO-0001 would likely transform into Zn_(3)(PO_(4))_(2),being attributed to superior dissolution of{1010}facet due to its lower vacancy formation energy(1.15 eV than{0001}facet(3.90 eV)).The toxicity of n-ZnO to Caco-2 cells was also dependent on the primary exposed facet;ZnO-0001 caused cell toxicity through oxidative stress,whereas ZnO-1010 resulted in lower cells viability than ZnO-0001 through oxidative stress and mem brane *** functional theory calculations illustrated that·O_(2)^(-)was formed and released on{1010}facet,yet O_(2)^(2-)instead of·O_(2)^(-)was generated on{0001}facet,leading to low oxidative stress from *** findings demonstrated that stability and toxicity of n-ZnO were dependent on the primary exposed facet,improving our understanding o health risk of nanomaterials.

关键词： The exposed facet Nanoscale ZnO Chemical transformation Synthetic salica Nanotoxicity

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