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High-Confidence Computing 2024年第3期4卷 64-74页

作者： Chao Wang Xueqiao Xu Ke Xiao Yunhua He Guangcan Yang School of information science and technology North China University of TechnologyBeijing 100144North China University of TechnologyBeijing 100144

Recently,vehicles have experienced a rise in networking and informatization,leading to increased security *** the most widely used automotive bus network,the Controller Area Network(CAN)bus is vulnerable to attacks,as security was not considered in its original *** paper proposes SIDuBzip2,a traffic anomaly detection method for the CAN bus based on the bzip2 compression *** proposed method utilizes the pseudo-periodic characteristics of CAN bus traffic,constructing time series of CAN IDs and calculating the similarity between adjacent time series to identify abnormal *** method consists of three parts:the conversion of CAN ID values to characters,the calculation of similarity based on bzip2 compression,and the optimal solution of model *** experimental results demonstrate that the proposed SIDuBzip2 method effectively detects various attacks,including Denial of Service,replay,basic injection,mixed injection,and suppression *** addition,existing CAN bus traffic anomaly detection methods are compared with the proposed method in terms of performance and delay,demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed method.

关键词： Automotive safety CAN bus Anomaly detection

Robust video question answering via contrastive cross-modality representation learning

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science China(information sciences) 2024年第10期67卷 211-226页

作者： Xun YANG Jianming ZENG Dan GUO Shanshan WANG Jianfeng DONG Meng WANG School of information science and technology University of Science and Technology of China Institute of Artificial Intelligence Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center School of Computer science and information Engineering Hefei University of Technology Institutes of Physical science and information technology Anhui University School of Computer science and technology Zhejiang Gongshang University

Video question answering(VideoQA) is a challenging yet important task that requires a joint understanding of low-level video content and high-level textual semantics. Despite the promising progress of existing efforts, recent studies revealed that current VideoQA models mostly tend to over-rely on the superficial correlations rooted in the dataset bias while overlooking the key video content, thus leading to unreliable results. Effectively understanding and modeling the temporal and semantic characteristics of a given video for robust VideoQA is crucial but, to our knowledge, has not been well investigated. To fill the research gap, we propose a robust VideoQA framework that can effectively model the cross-modality fusion and enforce the model to focus on the temporal and global content of videos when making a QA decision instead of exploiting the shortcuts in datasets. Specifically, we design a self-supervised contrastive learning objective to contrast the positive and negative pairs of multimodal input, where the fused representation of the original multimodal input is enforced to be closer to that of the intervened input based on video perturbation. We expect the fused representation to focus more on the global context of videos rather than some static keyframes. Moreover, we introduce an effective temporal order regularization to enforce the inherent sequential structure of videos for video representation. We also design a Kullback-Leibler divergence-based perturbation invariance regularization of the predicted answer distribution to improve the robustness of the model against temporal content perturbation of videos. Our method is model-agnostic and can be easily compatible with various VideoQA backbones. Extensive experimental results and analyses on several public datasets show the advantage of our method over the state-of-the-art methods in terms of both accuracy and robustness.

关键词： video question answering cross-modality fusion contrastive learning cross-media reasoning

Federated Meta Reinforcement Learning for Personalized Tasks

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Tsinghua science and technology 2024年第3期29卷 911-926页

作者： Wentao Liu Xiaolong Xu Jintao Wu Jielin Jiang School of Computer science Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China School of Software Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China

As an emerging privacy-preservation machine learning framework,Federated Learning(FL)facilitates different clients to train a shared model collaboratively through exchanging and aggregating model parameters while raw data are kept local and *** this learning framework is applied to Deep Reinforcement Learning(DRL),the resultant Federated Reinforcement Learning(FRL)can circumvent the heavy data sampling required in conventional DRL and benefit from diversified training data,besides privacy preservation offered by *** FRL implementations presuppose that clients have compatible tasks which a single global model can *** practice,however,clients usually have incompatible(different but still similar)personalized tasks,which we called task *** may severely hinder the implementation of FRL for practical *** this paper,we propose a Federated Meta Reinforcement Learning(FMRL)framework by integrating Model-Agnostic Meta-Learning(MAML)and ***,we innovatively utilize Proximal Policy Optimization(PPO)to fulfil multi-step local training with a single round of ***,considering the sensitivity of learning rate selection in FRL,we reconstruct the aggregation optimizer with the Federated version of Adam(Fed-Adam)on the server *** experiments demonstrate that,in different environments,FMRL outperforms other FL methods with high training efficiency brought by Fed-Adam.

关键词： federated learning reinforcement learning meta-learning personalization

Quantum geometric tensor and the topological characterization of the extended Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第3期33卷 260-265页

作者：曾相龙赖文喜魏祎雯马余全 School of science Beijing Information Science and Technology UniversityBeijing 100192China

We investigate the quantum metric and topological Euler number in a cyclically modulated Su-Schrieffer-Heeger(SSH)model with long-range hopping *** computing the quantum geometry tensor,we derive exact expressions for the quantum metric and Berry curvature of the energy band electrons,and we obtain the phase diagram of the model marked by the first Chern ***,we also obtain the topological Euler number of the energy band based on the Gauss-Bonnet theorem on the topological characterization of the closed Bloch states manifold in the first Brillouin ***,some regions where the Berry curvature is identically zero in the first Brillouin zone result in the degeneracy of the quantum metric,which leads to ill-defined non-integer topological Euler ***,the non-integer"Euler number"provides valuable insights and an upper bound for the absolute values of the Chern numbers.

关键词： quantum geometric tensor topological Euler number Chern number Berry curvature quantum metric Su-Schrieffer-Heeger(SSH)model

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A deep learning model enabled multi-event recognition for distributed optical fiber sensing

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science China(information sciences) 2024年第3期67卷 291-307页

作者： Yujiao LI Xiaomin CAO Wenhao NI Kuanglu YU Institute of information science School of Computer and Information TechnologyBeijing Jiaotong University Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced information science and Network technology Beijing Jiaotong University

Fiber optic sensors that utilize backscattered light offer distributed real-time measurements and have been seen tremendous improvements in sensing distance and spatial resolution over the last ***, these improvements in sensor capabilities lead to a significant increase in the amount of data that needs to be processed. Traditional processing schemes are no longer adequate, so the development of novel signal processing methods is critical. Phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometry(Φ-OTDR) is now applied in various applications for multi-event recognition, and it would usually be difficult, sometimes even unrealistic to label all the acquired samples due to its real-time and seamless monitoring nature. To fully take advantage of the information contained within the large number of unlabeled samples, which were formerly not utilized and hence wasted, we propose a semi-supervised model to boost the event classification performance of Φ-OTDR. The model extracts respectively the temporal features and the spatial bidirectional features together with a dual attention mechanism. Its classification accuracy has been improved up to 96.9%with only 1230 labeled samples. In addition, our model shows significant advantages when the number of labeled samples is reduced. Importantly, our method improves the accuracy of multi-event classification without any modification to the optical setup.

关键词： $\Phi$-OTDR event recognition semi-supervised learning mean teacher MT-ACNN-SA-BiLSTM

A mixed Nash equilibrium solution for visibility-based pursuit-evasion game with multiple obstacles

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science China(information sciences) 2024年第9期67卷 330-332页

作者： Shaoming BU Li LIANG Youqing WANG College of information science and technology Beijing University of Chemical Technology

This study primarily investigates a visibility-based pursuitevasion game with multiple obstacles. The pursuer aims to maintain surveillance over the evader as long as possible, while the evader's objective is to escape the pursuer's surveillance as quickly as possible. We use the explicit strategy method to analyze the winning conditions and optimal strategy of the player in the case of corner obstacles and propose a 'Present-Future-Past'(PFP) loop structure to extend the strategy to the case of multiple obstacles.

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Quantum key distribution over a mimicked dynamic-scattering channel

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science China(information sciences) 2024年第4期67卷 323-330页

作者： Qi-Hang LU Fang-Xiang WANG Wei CHEN Hai-Yang FU Yin-Jie LU Shuang WANG De-Yong HE Zhen-Qiang YIN Guang-Can GUO Zheng-Fu HAN CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum information University of Science and Technology of China CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum information and Quantum Physics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei National Laboratory University of Science and Technology of China

Free-space quantum key distribution(QKD) plays an important role in the global quantum network. However, free space channels suffer from the atmospheric turbulence and scattering effects of haze,fog, and dust, which significantly weaken the performance of QKD or even block the secure quantum ***, we prove the performance of QKD over a dynamic scattering channel can be enhanced significantly using a fast wavefront shaping technique. The system achieves on average 10-dB enhancement of quantum transmission efficiency and establishes a secure quantum link for QKD. Our work demonstrates the feasibility of QKD through free-space dynamic scattering channels and enhances the deployment capability of complex-channel QKD system.

关键词： quantum key distribution free space channel channel turbulence channel scattering wavefront shaping

A Constraint Adaptive Multi-Tasking Differential Evolution Algorithm:Designed for Dispatch of Integrated Energy System in Coal Mine

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Tsinghua science and technology 2024年第2期29卷 368-385页

作者： Canyun Dai Xiaoyan Sun Hejuan Hu Yong Zhang Dunwei Gong School of information and Control Engineering China University of Mining and TechnologyXuzhou 221116China School of information science and technology Qingdao University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266061China

The dispatch of integrated energy systems in coal mines(IES-CM)with mine-associated supplies is vital for efficient energy utilization and carbon emissions ***,IES-CM dispatch is highly challenging due to its feature as multi-objective and strong *** constrained multi-objective evolutionary algorithms often fall into locally feasible domains with poorly distributed Pareto front,which greatly deteriorates dispatch *** tackle this problem,we transform the traditional dispatch model of IES-CM into two tasks:the main task with all constraints and the helper task with constraint *** we propose a constraint adaptive multi-tasking differential evolution algorithm(CA-MTDE)to optimize these two tasks *** helper task with constraint adaptive is developed to obtain infeasible solutions near the feasible *** purpose of this infeasible solution is to transfer guiding knowledge to help the main task move away from local ***,a dynamic dual-learning strategy using DE/current-to-rand/1 and DE/current-to-best/1 is developed to maintain task diversity and ***,we comprehensively evaluate the performance of CA-MTDE by applying it to a coal mine in Shanxi Province,considering two IES-CM *** demonstrate the feasibility of CA-MTDE and its ability to generate a Pareto front with exceptional convergence,diversity,and distribution.

关键词： dispatch integrated energy system coal mine evolutionary multi-tasking constraint differential evolution

CToMP: a cycle-task-oriented memory protection scheme for unmanned systems

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science China(information sciences) 2024年第6期67卷 399-417页

作者： Chengyan MA Ning XI Di LU Yebo FENG Jianfeng MA School of Cyber Engineering Xidian University School of Computer science and technology Xidian University department of Computer and information science University of Oregon

Memory corruption attacks(MCAs) refer to malicious behaviors of system intruders that modify the contents of a memory location to disrupt the normal operation of computing systems, causing leakage of sensitive data or perturbations to ongoing processes. Unlike general-purpose systems, unmanned systems cannot deploy complete security protection schemes, due to their limitations in size, cost and *** in unmanned systems are particularly difficult to defend against. Furthermore, MCAs have diverse and unpredictable attack interfaces in unmanned systems, severely impacting digital and physical sectors. In this paper, we first generalize, model and taxonomize MCAs found in unmanned systems currently, laying the foundation for designing a portable and general defense approach. According to different attack mechanisms,we found that MCAs are mainly categorized into two types — return2libc and return2shellcode. To tackle return2libc attacks, we model the erratic operation of unmanned systems with cycles and then propose a cycle-task-oriented memory protection(CToMP) approach to protect control flows from tampering. To defend against return2shellcode attacks, we introduce a secure process stack with a randomized memory address by leveraging the memory pool to prevent Shellcode from being executed. Moreover, we discuss the mechanism by which CTo MP resists the return-oriented programming(ROP) attack, a novel variant of return2libc attacks. Finally, we implement CTo MP on CUAV V5+ with Ardupilot and Crazyflie. The evaluation and security analysis results demonstrate that the proposed approach CTo MP is resilient to various MCAs in unmanned systems with low footprints and system overhead.

关键词： unmanned system memory corruption attack memory protection system security randomized memory address

Single-photon scattering and quantum entanglement of two giant atoms with azimuthal angle differences in a waveguide system

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第5期33卷 337-342页

作者：黄劲松黄红武李艳玲徐中辉 School of information Engineering Jiangxi University of Science and TechnologyGanzhou 341000China Faculty of science Jiangxi University of Science and TechnologyGanzhou 341000China

We theoretically investigate coherent scattering of single photons and quantum entanglement of two giant atoms with azimuthal angle differences in a waveguide *** the real-space Hamiltonian,analytical expressions are derived for the transport spectra scattered by these two giant atoms with four azimuthal ***-like resonance can be exhibited in the scattering spectra by adjusting the azimuthal angle *** concurrence of the entangled state for two atoms can be implemented in a wide angle-difference range,and the entanglement of the atomic states can be switched on/off by modulating the additional azimuthal angle differences from the giant *** suggests a novel handle to effectively control the single-photon scattering and quantum entanglement.

关键词： quantum transport quantum entanglement scattering theory optical waveguide

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