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Tree species identity and interaction determine vertical forest structure in young planted forests measured by terrestrial laser scanning

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第3期11卷 266-275页

作者： Mengxi Wang Lander Baeten Frieke Van Coillie Kim Calders Kris Verheyen Quentin Ponette Haben Blondeel Bart Muys John Armston Hans Verbeeck Q-ForestLab Department of EnvironmentFaculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityBelgium Forest&Nature Lab Department of EnvironmentFaculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityBelgium Earth and Life Institute Université Catholique de Louvain(UCLouvain)Louvain-la-NeuveBelgium department of Earth&Environmental sciences KU LeuvenBelgium department of geographical sciences University of MarylandCollege ParkMDUSA

Vertical forest structure is closely linked to multiple ecosystem characteristics,such as biodiversity,habitat,and *** tree species in planted forests has the potential to create diverse vertical forest structures due to the different physiological and morphological traits of the composing tree ***,the relative importance of species richness,species identity and species interactions for the variation in vertical forest structure remains unclear,mainly because traditional forest inventories do not observe vertical stand structure in *** laser scanning(TLS),however,allows to study vertical forest structure in an unprecedented ***,we used TLS single scan data from 126 plots across three experimental planted forests of a largescale tree diversity experiment in Belgium to study the drivers of vertical forest *** plots were 9–11years old young pure and mixed forests,characterized by four levels of tree species richness ranging from monocultures to four-species mixtures,across twenty composition *** generated vertical plant profiles from the TLS data and derived six stand structural *** mixed models were used to test the effect of species richness on structural *** a hierarchical diversity interaction modelling framework,we further assessed species identity effect and various species interaction effects on the six stand structural *** results showed that species richness did not significantly influence most of the stand structure variables,except for canopy height and foliage height *** identity on the other hand exhibited a significant impact on vertical forest structure across all *** interaction effects were observed to be site-dependent due to varying site conditions and species pools,and rapidly growing tree species tend to dominate these ***,our results highlighted the importance of considering both species identity an

关键词： TreeDivNet FORBIO Stand structural complexity Terrestrial laser scanning Vertical forest structure Tree diversity Planted forests

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Revealing the role of CCoAOMT1: fine-tuning bHLH transcription factors for optimal anther development

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Science China(Life sciences) 2024年第3期67卷 565-578页

作者： Zesen Lai Jianzheng Wang Ying Fu Menghan Wang Hong Ma Shiqing Peng Fang Chang State Key Laboratory of Genetic engineering Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological Engineering and Institute of Biodiversity SciencesInstitute of Plant BiologySchool of Life SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai 200438China School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry Agriculture-Rural Affairs and Rural RevitalizationHainan UniversityHaikou 570228China Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops Ministry of AgricultureInstitute of Tropical Bioscience and BiotechnologyChinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesHaikou 571101China department of Biology Huck Institutes of the Life SciencesPennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA

The tapetum,a crucial innermost layer encompassing male reproductive cells within the anther wall,plays a pivotal role in normal pollen *** transcription factors (TFs) bHLH010/089/091 redundantly facilitate the rapid nuclear accumulation of DYSFUNCTIONAL TAPETUM 1,a gatekeeper TF in the ***,the regulatory mechanisms governing the activity of bHLH010/089/091 remain *** this study,we reveal that caffeoyl coenzyme A O-methyltransferase 1 (CCoAOMT1) is a negative regulator affecting the nuclear localization and function of bHLH010 and bHLH089,probably through their K259 *** findings underscore that CCoAOMT1 promotes the nuclear export and degradation of bHLH010 and ***,elevated CCoAOMT1 expression resulted in defective pollen development,mirroring the phenotype observed in bhlh010 bhlh089 ***,our investigation revealed that the K259A mutation in the bHLH089 protein disrupted its translocation from the nucleus to the cytosol and impeded its degradation induced by ***,transgenic plants with the probHLH089::bHLH089^(K259A)construct failed to rescue proper pollen development or gene expression in bhlh010 bhlh089 ***,these findings emphasize the need to maintain balanced TF homeostasis for male *** firmly establish CCoAOMT1 as a pivotal regulator that is instrumental in achieving equilibrium between the induction of the tapetum transcriptional network and ensuring appropriate anther development.

关键词： anther development nuclear localization bHLH O-methyltransferase transcription factor homeostasis

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Elevational distribution of forests and its spatiotemporal dynamics in subtropical China from 2000 to 2019

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Science China Earth sciences 2024年第8期67卷 2563-2582页

作者： Zhencan ZHENG Liuwen ZHUANG Guofang MIAO Han LIU Zhiqiang CHENG Wenyu LI Rong SHANG Peng GONG Jing Ming CHEN Institute of Geography Fujian Normal University Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process (Ministry of Education) Fujian Normal University School of geographical sciences Fujian Normal University National Land Consolidation Center Ministry of Natural Resources Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation Ministry of Natural Resources Key Laboratory of Digital Mapping and Land Information Application Ministry of Natural Resources department of Geography & Planning University of Toronto department of Geography The University of Hong Kong

The subtropical region of China possesses abundant forest resources and features a mountainous *** the implementation of policies such as natural forest protection,the Grain for Green Project,and other initiatives since the beginning of the 21st century,coupled with climate change,the forest resources in this region have undergone significant changes compared to historical *** addition,forest resources distributing mainly in mountainous areas also implies that these changes may vary significantly with *** explore the spatiotemporal dynamics of forest distribution in subtropical China since 2000,especially the trend of changes with elevation,we analyzed the data from two land cover products focusing on forest cover and forest *** used a hierarchical approach,in which coarse-classification forest cover data with relatively small uncertainties impose constraints on forest type data with larger uncertainties,to achieve a reasonable balance between obtaining more details and reducing data *** first divided the forest cover data into‘unchanged'and‘changed'*** the constraints by the forest cover results,we further analyzed the‘unchanged'and‘changed'forest *** results indicated that,since the implementation of ecological engineering and management policies,54%of the area in the subtropical region had maintained unchanged forest cover attributes over the past 20 years,which implied the good state of ecological *** results also showed that dynamic conversions existed in the long term between forests and lands for essential production needs like *** elevational variations of forest cover suggested that the dominant changes came from the conversion between forests and croplands in low-elevation regions below 700 m,the conversion between forests and shrublands in mid-elevation regions of 700–1500 m,and the conversion between forests and grasslands in high-elevation regions above 2000 *** the regio

关键词： Subtropical China Land cover Forest cover Forest type Elevational distribution

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Emerging glacier forelands alter carbon dynamics on the Tibetan Plateau

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第9期21卷 2871-2875页

作者： GAO Tanguang ZHANG Yulan MEADOWS Michael Edward College of Earth and Environmental sciences Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science and Frozen Soil engineering Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China School of Geography and Ocean sciences Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China department of Environmental&geographical Science University of Cape TownRondebosch 7701South Africa

The critical challenge of ongoing climate warming is resulting in glacier melting globally,a process accompanied by the formation of substantial glacier *** phenomenon emerges as a pivotal area of study,especially in the Tibetan Plateau(TP),known as the Third Pole and the Asian Water *** particular,the rapid retreat of temperate glaciers in the southeastern TP has led to the formation of expansive glacier *** forelands are not merely evidence of climate shifts but are also key areas for transformative carbon ***,the newly exposed land surface actively adjusts the balance of dissolved organic carbon,especially in meltwater,and influences the release of greenhouse gases from a range of sources including glacial lakes,subglacial sediments,and supraglacial/proglacial *** processes play a crucial role in the dynamics of atmospheric carbon *** from our intensive and detailed observations over several years,this perspective not only emphasizes the importance of the underexplored impact of glacier forelands on carbon cycles but also opens a window into understanding potential future trajectories in a warming world.

关键词： Glacier Climate warming Carbon release Tibetan Plateau

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AFBNet: A Lightweight Adaptive Feature Fusion Module for Super-Resolution Algorithms

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Computer Modeling in engineering & sciences 2024年第9期140卷 2315-2347页

作者： Lirong Yin Lei Wang Siyu Lu Ruiyang Wang Haitao Ren Ahmed AlSanad Salman A.AlQahtani Zhengtong Yin Xiaolu Li Wenfeng Zheng department of Geography and Anthropology Louisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLA70803USA School of Automation University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610054China College of Computer and Information sciences King Saud UniversityRiyadh11574Saudi Arabia College of Resource and Environment engineering Guizhou UniversityGuiyang550025China School of geographical sciences Southwest UniversityChongqing400715China

At present,super-resolution algorithms are employed to tackle the challenge of low image resolution,but it is difficult to extract differentiated feature details based on various inputs,resulting in poor generalization *** this situation,this study first analyzes the features of some feature extraction modules of the current super-resolution algorithm and then proposes an adaptive feature fusion block(AFB)for feature *** module mainly comprises dynamic convolution,attention mechanism,and pixel-based gating *** with dynamic convolution with scale information,the network can extract more differentiated feature *** introduction of a channel spatial attention mechanism combined with multi-feature fusion further enables the network to retain more important feature *** convolution and pixel-based gating mechanisms enhance the module’s ***,a comparative experiment of a super-resolution algorithm based on the AFB module is designed to substantiate the efficiency of the AFB *** results revealed that the network combined with the AFB module has stronger generalization ability and expression ability.

关键词： Super-resolution feature extraction dynamic convolution attention mechanism gate control

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DPAL-BERT:A Faster and Lighter Question Answering Model

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Computer Modeling in engineering & sciences 2024年第10期141卷 771-786页

作者： Lirong Yin Lei Wang Zhuohang Cai Siyu Lu Ruiyang Wang Ahmed AlSanad Salman A.AlQahtani Xiaobing Chen Zhengtong Yin Xiaolu Li Wenfeng Zheng department of Geography and Anthropology Louisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLA 70803USA School of Automation University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610054China College of Computer and Information sciences King Saud UniversityRiyadh11574Saudi Arabia School of Electrical and Computer engineering Louisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLA 70803USA College of Resources and Environmental engineering Guizhou UniversityGuiyang550025China School of geographical sciences Southwest UniversityChongqing400715China

Recent advancements in natural language processing have given rise to numerous pre-training language models in question-answering ***,with the constant evolution of algorithms,data,and computing power,the increasing size and complexity of these models have led to increased training costs and reduced *** study aims to minimize the inference time of such models while maintaining computational *** also proposes a novel Distillation model for PAL-BERT(DPAL-BERT),specifically,employs knowledge distillation,using the PAL-BERT model as the teacher model to train two student models:DPAL-BERT-Bi and *** research enhances the dataset through techniques such as masking,replacement,and n-gram sampling to optimize knowledge *** experimental results showed that the distilled models greatly outperform models trained from *** addition,although the distilled models exhibit a slight decrease in performance compared to PAL-BERT,they significantly reduce inference time to just 0.25%of the *** demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed approach in balancing model performance and efficiency.

关键词： DPAL-BERT question answering systems knowledge distillation model compression BERT Bi-directional long short-term memory(BiLSTM) knowledge information transfer PAL-BERT training efficiency natural language processing

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Biomechanical behavior of grass roots at different gauge lengths

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第9期21卷 3201-3214页

作者： FU Jiangtao ZHOU Zhe GUO Hong ZHAO Jimei YU Dongmei WU Jie HU Xiasong School of Civil engineering and Architecture Shaanxi University of TechnologyHanzhong 723000China Crop Science postdoctoral research station Qinghai UniversityXining 810016China School of Geological engineering Qinghai UniversityXining 810016China Qinghai institute of Salt Lakes Chinese Academy of SciencesXining 810008China department of geographical Science Shaanxi University of TechnologyHanzhong 723000China

Gauge length influences the biomechanical properties of herbaceous roots such as tensile resistance,tensile strength and Young’s ***,the extent to which and how these biomechanical properties of herbaceous roots are influenced remain *** better understand the behavior of roots in tension under different conditions and to illustrate these behaviors,uniaxial tensile tests were conducted on the Poa araratica roots as the gauge length increased from 20 mm to 80 ***,ANOVA was used to test the impact of the significant influences of gauge length on the biomechanical properties,nonlinear regression was applied to establish the variation in the biomechanical properties with gauge length to answer the question of the extent to which the biomechanical properties are influenced,and Weibull models were subsequently introduced to illustrate how the biomechanical properties are influenced by gauge *** results reveal that(1)the variation in biomechanical properties with root diameter depends on both the gauge length and the properties themselves;(2)the gauge length significantly impacts most of the biomechanical properties;(3)the tensile resistance,tensile strength,and tensile strain at cracks decrease as the gauge length increases,with values decreasing by 20%-300%,while Young’s modulus exhibits the opposite trend,with a corresponding increase of 30%;and(4)the Weibull distribution is suitable for describing the probability distribution of these biomechanical properties;the Weibull modulus for both tensile resistance and tensile strain at cracks linearly decrease with gauge length,whereas those for tensile strength and Young’s modulus exhibit the opposite *** tensile resistance,tensile strength,and tensile strain at the cracks linearly decrease with increasing gauge length,while the tensile strength and Young’s modulus linearly increase with increasing gauge length.

关键词： Biomechanical properties of roots Weibull distribution ANOVA Uniaxial tensile test Linear regression

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Retrieval of high spatial resolution mountainous land surface temperature considering topographic and adjacency effects

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Science China Earth sciences 2024年第11期67卷 3610-3625页

作者： Zhiwei HE Bohui TANG Zhaoliang LI Faculty of Land Resources engineering Kunming University of Science and Technology Key Laboratory of Plateau Remote Sensing Department of Education of Yunnan Province State Key Lab of Resources and Environmental Information System Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Agricultural Remote Sensing Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Land surface temperature(LST) is a key parameter reflecting the interaction between land and atmosphere. Currently,thermal infrared(TIR) quantitative remote sensing technology is the only means to obtain large-scale, high spatial resolution LST. Accurately retrieving high spatial resolution mountainous LST(MLST) plays an important role in the study of mountain climate change. The complex terrain and strong spatial heterogeneity in mountainous areas change the geometric relationship between the surface and satellite sensors, affecting the radiation received by the sensors, and rendering the assumption of planar parallelism invalid. In this study, considering the influence of complex terrain in mountainous areas on atmospheric downward radiation and the thermal radiation contribution of adjacent pixels, a mountainous TIR radiative transfer model based on the sky view factor was developed. Combining with the atmospheric radiative transfer model MODTRAN 5.2, a nonlinear generalized split-window algorithm suitable for high spatial resolution MLST retrieval was constructed and applied to Landsat-9 TIRS-2satellite TIR remote sensing data. The analysis results indicate that neglecting the topographic and adjacency effects would lead to significant discrepancies in LST retrieval, with simulated data showing LST differences of up to 2.5 K. Furthermore, due to the lack of measured MLST in the field, the MLST accuracy obtained by this retrieval method was indirectly validated using the currently recognized highest-accuracy forward 3D radiative transfer model DART. The MLST and emissivity were input into the DART model to simulate the brightness temperature at the top of the atmosphere(TOA) of Landsat-9 band 10, and compared with the brightness temperature at TOA of Landsat-9 band 10. The RMSE(Root Mean Square Error) for the two subregions was0.50 and 0.61 K, respectively, indicating that the method proposed can retrieve high-precision MLST.

关键词： Mountainous land surface temperature Topographic and adjacency effects Nonlinear generalized split-window algorithm Landsat-9 data DART model

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Impact crater recognition methods:A review

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Science China Earth sciences 2024年第6期67卷 1719-1742页

作者： Dong CHEN Fan HU Liqiang ZHANG Yunzhao WU Jianli DU Jiju PEETHAMBARAN College of Civil engineering Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037China department of Geography State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing ScienceFaculty of Geographical ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210023China Key Laboratory of Space Object and Debris Observation Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210023China department of Mathematics and Computing Science Saint Mary’s UniversityHalifaxNS B3H 3C3Canada

Impact craters are formed due to the high-speed collisions between small to medium-sized celestial *** is the most significant driving force in the evolution of celestial bodies,and the impact craters provide crucial insights into the formation,evolution,and impact history of celestial *** this paper,we present a detailed review of the characteristics of impact craters,impact crater remote sensing data,recognition algorithms,and applications related to impact *** first provide a detailed description of the geometric texture,illumination,and morphology characteristics observed in remote sensing data of *** we summarize the remote sensing data and cataloging databases for the four terrestrial planets(i.e.,the Moon,Mars,Mercury,and Venus),as well as the impact craters on ***,we study the advancement achieved in the traditional methods,machine learning methods,and deep learning methods applied to the classification,segmentation,and recognition of impact ***,based on the analysis results,we discuss the existing challenges in impact crater recognition and suggest some ***,we explore the implementation of impact crater detection algorithms and provide a forward-looking perspective.

关键词： Terrestrial planets Deep space exploration Impact crater Impact crater recognition Deep learning

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The carrying capacity for vegetation of forest land across China:Near real-time monitoring and short-term forecasting based on satellite observation

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Geography and Sustainability 2024年第3期5卷 415-429页

作者： Huiqian Yu Nan Lu Bojie Fu Lu Zhang Shufen Pan State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China University of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100049China Faculty of geographical Science Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China College of Forestry Wildlife and EnvironmentAuburn UniversityAL 36849USA department of engineering Boston CollegeChestnut HillMA 02467USA

Ecological restoration projects implemented over the past 20 years have substantially increased forest coverage in China,but the high tree mortality of new afforestation forest remains a challenging but unsolved *** is still not clear how much vegetation can be sustained by the forest lands with given water,energy and soil conditions,i.e.,the carrying capacity for vegetation(CCV)of forest lands,which is the prerequisite for planning and implementing forest restoration ***,we used a simplified method to evaluate the CCV across forest lands ***,based on leaf area index(LAI)dataset,we use boosted regression tree and multiple linear regression model to analyze the CCV during 2001-2020 and 2021-2030 and explore the contribution of environmental *** find that there are three typical regions with lower CCV located in the Loess Plateau and the southern region of the Inner Mongolia Plateau,the Hengduan Mountain region,and the Tianshan *** importantly,the vegetation in the regions near the dry-wet climate transition zone show excess local carrying capacity for vegetation over the past two decades and they are more susceptible to potential climatic *** comparison,in the Greater Khingan Mountains and Hengduan Mountains,there is high potential to improve the forest ***,precipitation and soil affects the CCV by shaping the vegetation in the optimal *** indicates that more consideration should be given to restrictions of regional environmental constraints when planning afforestation and forest *** study has important implications for guiding future forest scheme in China.

关键词： Carrying capacity for vegetation Leaf area index Ecosystem restoration Forest management

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