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Understanding Behavioral Manifestations of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in People with Intellectual Disabilities—A Qualitative Study

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2024年第2期14卷 67-90页

作者： Lena Grüter Matthias Grünke department of rehabilitation and special education University of Cologne Cologne Germany

Background: There is limited knowledge about obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in people with intellectual disabilities (IDs). This paper describes the manifestation of compulsive behaviors associated with OCD at the behavioral level in people with ID in institutionalized settings. The aim was to gain nuanced insight into appropriate understanding and classification in this specific context, and derive implications for research and practice. Methods: Individual cases of people with ID (n = 7) were studied to assess compulsive symptoms through two days of on-site observation of the person with ID within the institution, guided group discussions (n = 28), and semi-structured interviews with key informants and caregivers of the person with ID (n = 20). Caregiver ratings of the compulsive behavior checklist were compiled. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: All forms of OCD were present. Characteristics of compulsive behaviors in people with ID at the behavioral level included less complex and more obvious compulsive acts, immediate responses, signs of tension, motor restlessness, facial expression changes, repetition, need for predictability, time-consuming behaviors, and aggressive reactions when these acts were interrupted. Some of the compulsive behaviors corresponded to the ICD-11 OCD code 6B20, and others to compulsions as a psychological symptom (MB23.4). Conclusions: OCD may manifest atypically at the behavioral level in people with ID, posing significant challenges for accurate classification due to symptom ambiguity. Follow-up differential diagnostic studies are needed to more accurately identify and differentiate OCD symptoms in people with ID. Further, disorder-specific guidelines for recognizing OCD in people with ID are needed for institutionalized settings without psychiatric-psychotherapeutic expertise.

关键词： People with Intellectual Disabilities Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Compulsive Behavior Diagnostics Differential Diagnosis

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Embodying Deeply Held Values in education:Seeking a More Equitable World for Both Humans and Non-Humans

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ECNU Review of education 2024年第2期7卷 241-251页

作者：林静 Shue-kei Joanna Mok Virginia Gomes department of Counseling Higher Education and Special EducationCollege of Education3214 Benjamin BuildingUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMD20742USA

Highlights In this article,we contend that the bedrock of an equitable world lies in the profound recognition of love as the fundamental force permeating the *** believe that love is built into the essence of who we *** posit that genuine progress toward an equitable world is elusive unless we place love,both for one another and for the natural world,at the core of our educational endeavors.

关键词： Embodied practices heart and spirit love and equity love as a cosmic force

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Exercise-with-melatonin therapy improves sleep disorder and motor dysfunction in a rat model of ischemic stroke

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第6期19卷 1336-1343页

作者： Haitao Zhao Tong Zhang Haojie Zhang Yunlei Wang Lingna Cheng School of rehabilitation Medicine Capital Medical University department of Neurological rehabilitation Beijing Bo'ai Hospital China Rehabilitation Research Center 3. School of Rehabilitation Medicine University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences 4. Laboratory of Brain Injury Repair and Rehabilitation China Rehabilitation Science Institute

Exercise-with-melatonin therapy has complementary and synergistic effects on spinal cord injury and Alzheimer’s disease, but its effect on stroke is still poorly understood. In this study, we established a rat model of ischemic stroke by occluding the middle cerebral artery for 60 minutes. We treated the rats with exercise and melatonin therapy for 7 consecutive days. Results showed that exercise-with-melatonin therapy significantly prolonged sleep duration in the model rats, increased delta power values, and regularized delta power rhythm. Additionally, exercise-with-melatonin therapy improved coordination, endurance, and grip strength, as well as learning and memory abilities. At the same time, it led to higher hippocampal CA1 neuron activity and postsynaptic density thickness and lower expression of glutamate receptor 2 than did exercise or melatonin therapy alone. These findings suggest that exercise-withmelatonin therapy can alleviate sleep disorder and motor dysfunction by increasing glutamate receptor 2 protein expression and regulating hippocampal CA1 synaptic plasticity.

关键词： exercise glutamate receptor 2 hippocampus ischemic stroke learning melatonin memory sleep disorder synaptic plasticity

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Flexible piezoelectret film sensor for noncontact mechanical signal capture by multiple transmission media

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Nano Research 2024年第8期17卷 7643-7657页

作者： Xingchen Ma Qianqian Hu Lian Zhou Xinhao Xiang Yi Qin Ke Zhang Pengfei He Ying Dai Wenxin Niu Xiaoqing Zhang Shanghai Key Laboratory of special Artificial Microstructure Materials and Technology School of Physics Science and EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Shanghai Yangzhi rehabilitation Hospital(Shanghai Sunshine rehabilitation Center) School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai 201619China department of rehabilitation Sciences Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai 200092China School of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China

Mechanical signal capture without physical contact has emerged as a highly promising research field and attracted tremendous attention due to its prosperous applications in household medical care,lifestyle monitoring and remote operation,offering users high level of safety,convenience and ***,noncontact sensing is ideal to maximize the immersive user experience in the human–machine interaction(HMI),eliminating interference to human activities and mechanical fatigue to the sensor,***,we report a self-powered flexible sensor integrated with irradiation cross-linked polypropylene(IXPP)piezoelectret film for noncontact sensing,featuring multi-functions to detect mechanical signals transmitted through solid,liquid and gaseous media and would facilitate their versatile practical *** folded-structure configuration of the sensor facilitates the improvement of the noncontact sensing *** solid media,such as the rectangular wooden stick used in this study,the sensor can detect mechanical stimulus exerted at a distance of 100 cm.A system detection sensitivity up to 57 pC/kPa with a low detection limit of 0.6 kPa is achieved at a noncontact distance of 10 *** when partly or completely immersed in water,the sensor effectively traces movement signals of human bodies underwater,demonstrating great advantages for non-inductive aquatic fitness training ***,due to the low acoustic impedance of piezoelectret film,speech recognition through gaseous medium is also *** further introduce application demonstrations of the developed film sensors to monitor exercise postures and physiological signals without direct contact between human body and the sensor,displaying great potential to be incorporated into future smart *** study commendably expands the application scope of piezoelectret materials,which will have profound implications for exploring novel intelligent human–machine interactions.

关键词： noncontact sensing piezoelectret multiple transmission media mechanical signal capture

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Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation Attenuates Cognitive Deficits and Alzheimer’s Disease-Type Pathologies via ISCA1-Mediated Mitochondrial Modulation in APP/PS1 Mice

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2024年第2期40卷 182-200页

作者： Yang Zhu Hao Huang Zhi Chen Yong Tao Ling-Yi Liao Shi-Hao Gao Yan-Jiang Wang Chang-Yue Gao department of rehabilitation Medicine Daping HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqing 400042China department of Neurology and Center for Clinical Neuroscience Daping HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqing 400042China department of special Medicine Daping HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqing 400042China

Intermittent theta burst stimulation(iTBS),a time-saving and cost-effective repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation regime,has been shown to improve cognition in patients with Alzheimer’s disease(AD).However,the specific mechanism underlying iTBS-induced cognitive enhancement remains *** studies suggested that mitochondrial functions are modulated by magnetic ***,we showed that iTBS upregulates the expression of iron-sulfur cluster assembly 1(ISCA1,an essential regulatory factor for mitochondrial respiration)in the brain of APP/PS1 *** vivo and in vitro studies revealed that iTBS modulates mitochondrial iron-sulfur cluster assembly to facilitate mitochondrial respiration and function,which is required for ***,iTBS rescues cognitive decline and attenuates AD-type pathologies in APP/PS1 *** present study uncovers a novel mechanism by which iTBS modulates mitochondrial respiration and function via ISCA1-mediated iron-sulfur cluster assembly to alleviate cognitive impairments and pathologies in *** provide the mechanistic target of iTBS that warrants its therapeutic potential for AD patients.

关键词： Intermittent theta burst stimulation Alzheimer’s disease Iron-sulfur cluster assembly 1 Mitochondrial dysfunction Neurodegeneration

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Memory Trace for Fear Extinction:Fragile yet Reinforceable

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2024年第6期40卷 777-794页

作者： Ying Liu Shuai Ye Xin-Ni Li Wei-Guang Li department of rehabilitation Medicine State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Ministry of Education Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceHuashan HospitalInstitute for Translational Brain ResearchFudan UniversityShanghai200032China

Fear extinction is a biological process in which learned fear behavior diminishes without anticipated reinforcement,allowing the organism to re-adapt to ever-changing *** on the behavioral hypothesis that extinction is new learning and forms an extinction memory,this new memory is more readily forgettable than the original fear *** brain’s cellular and synaptic traces underpinning this inherently fragile yet reinforceable extinction memory remain *** questions are about the whereabouts of the engram neurons that emerged during extinction learning and how they constitute a dynamically evolving functional construct that works in concert to store and express the extinction *** this review,we discuss recent advances in the engram circuits and their neural connectivity plasticity for fear extinction,aiming to establish a conceptual framework for understanding the dynamic competition between fear and extinction memories in adaptive control of conditioned fear responses.

关键词： Fear extinction memory Memory trace Fear relapse Medial prefrontal cortex Basolateral amygdala Ventral hippocampus Insular cortex Synaptic adaptations

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Spherical cationic polymer networks with porphyrin photosensitizer for sustainable and efficient photocatalysis

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Nano Research 2024年第5期17卷 3934-3941页

作者： Lingling Zhang Liwei Wu Junhui Bao Longhui Li Zejun Liu Feng Bai Jie Ju Xi Yao Key Laboratory for special Functional Materials of Ministry of education School of Materials Science and EngineeringHenan UniversityKaifeng 475004China department of Chemistry City University of Hong KongKowloonHong Kong 999077China

The continuous and sustainable photo-activity on micro-or nano-carriers has always been a key stepping stone in the industrialization of photo-catalysis,photo-synthesis,and ***,we report a new series of positively charged hollow microspheres carrying porphyrin *** hollow spheres are formed through crosslinking of well-ordered porous thin laminates,initiated by co-assembly of regular monomers and those decorated with porphyrin *** the surface of an individual sphere,densely distributed positive sites attract anionic *** superficial porphyrin decomposes the accumulated reactants under 1 *** degradation and release of products,the photoactive sites are thereby *** demonstrate that polymer network(1:10)exhibited superior sustainable photocatalytic performance with complete degradation of methyl orange(MO)in 40 min with no observable performance deterioration after six *** established close loop of adsorption-reaction-release cycle makes possible many efficient and continuous photo-catalytic processes.

关键词： hydrogen bonding assembly porphyrin sustainable photo-activity anionic pollutant

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Effects of mesenchymal stem cell on dopaminergic neurons,motor and memory functions in animal models of Parkinson's disease:a systematic review and meta-analysis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第7期19卷 1584-1592页

作者： Jong Mi Park Masoud Rahmati Sang Chul Lee Jae Il Shin Yong Wook Kim department and Research Institute of rehabilitation Medicine Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea department of Physical education and Sport Sciences Faculty of Literature and Human SciencesLorestan UniversityKhoramabadIran department of Pediatrics Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea

Parkinson’s disease is chara cterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars com pacta,and although restoring striatal dopamine levels may improve symptoms,no treatment can cure or reve rse the disease *** cell therapy has a regenerative effect and is being actively studied as a candidate for the treatment of Parkinson’s *** stem cells are considered a promising option due to fewer ethical concerns,a lower risk of immune rejection,and a lower risk of *** performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cells and their derivatives on motor function,memory,and preservation of dopamine rgic neurons in a Parkinson’s disease animal *** searched bibliographic databases(PubMed/MEDLINE,Embase,CENTRAL,Scopus,and Web of Science)to identify articles and included only pee r-reviewed in vivo interve ntional animal studies published in any language through J une 28,*** study utilized the random-effect model to estimate the 95%confidence intervals(CI)of the standard mean differences(SMD)between the treatment and control *** use the systematic review center for laboratory animal expe rimentation’s risk of bias tool and the collaborative approach to meta-analysis and review of animal studies checklist for study quality assessment.A total of 33studies with data from 840 Parkinson’s disease model animals were included in the *** with mesenchymal stem cells significantly improved motor function as assessed by the amphetamine-induced rotational *** the stem cell types,the bone marrow MSCs with neurotrophic factor group showed la rgest effect size(SMD[95%CI]=-6.21[-9.50 to-2.93],P=0.0001,I^(2)=0.0%).The stem cell treatment group had significantly more tyrosine hydroxylase positive dopamine rgic neurons in the striatum([95%CI]=1.04[0.59 to 1.49],P=0.0001,I^(2)=65.1%)and substantia nigra(SMD[95%CI]=1.38[0.89 to 1.87],P=0.0001,I^(2)=75.3%),indicating a

关键词： animal animal experimentation mesenchymal stem cells models Parkinson’s disease stem cell transplantation

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Neuronomodulation of Excitable Neurons

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2024年第1期40卷 103-112页

作者： Yizhang Chen Lin Xiao Jian Qiu Institute of Neuroscience Second Military Medical UniversityShanghai 200433China Institute for Brain Research and rehabilitation Key Laboratory of BrainCognition and Education Sciences of Ministry of EducationSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou 510631China department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry Oregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandOR 97239USA

Neuronomodulation refers to the modulation of neural conduction and synaptic transmission(i.e.,the conduction process involved in synaptic transmission)of excitable neurons via changes in the membrane potential in response to chemical substances,from spillover neuro-transmitters to paracrine or endocrine hormones circulating in the *** can be direct or indirect,depending on the transduction pathways from the ligand binding site to the ion pore,either on the same molecule,*** ion channel,or through an intermediate step on different *** major players in direct neurono-modulation are ligand-gated or voltage-gated ion *** key process of direct neuronomodulation is the binding and chemoactivation of ligand-gated or voltage-gated ion channels,either orthosterically or allosterically,by various *** neuronomodulation involves metabotropic receptor-mediated slow potentials,where steroid hormones,cytokines,and chemokines can implement these *** neuronomodulation is of great significance for understanding the physiological mechanisms of brain function,and the occurrence and treatment of diseases.

关键词： Neuron Membrane potential Excitability Chemoactivation Neuronomodulation

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Mindfulness Facets and Psychological Well-Being among Meditators:Serenity as a Mediating Process

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International Journal of Mental Health Promotion 2024年第3期26卷 177-187页

作者： Rebecca Y.M.Cheung Iris Yili Wang Elsa Ngar-Sze Lau School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences University of ReadingReadingUK department of special education and Counselling The Education University of Hong KongHong KongChina department of educational Administration and Policy The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina

Guided by the theoretical processes of mindfulness and psychological well-being,this study examined serenity as a mediator between mindfulness facets and psychological well-being,as indexed by depressive symptoms and life *** were 133 mindfulness practitioners who took part in a 3-day transnational meditation event in Hong *** informed consent,participants completed a self-report *** findings from structural equation modeling showed that serenity mediated the relation between two facets of mindfulness,including describing and nonreacting to inner experience,and life *** also mediated the relation between the mindfulness facet of describing and depressive *** associations were indicated between two mindfulness facets,including observing and nonjudging of inner experience,and depressive *** together,the findings revealed mindfulness facets as major correlates of serenity and psychological outcomes among Chinese meditation *** foster psychological well-being,researchers,educators,and practitioners should pay attention to the role of serenity,describing,and nonreacting to inner experience in mental health.

关键词： Depressive symptoms mindfulness mindfulness practitioners satisfaction with life serenity

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