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Light-stabilized GIL1 suppresses PIN3 activity to inhibit hypocotyl gravitropism

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2024年第9期66卷 1886-1897页

作者： Xiaolian Wang Yanfang Yuan Laurence Charrier Zhaoguo Deng Markus Geisler Xing Wang Deng Haodong Chen Center for Plant Biology School of Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Tsinghua‐Peking Center for life sciences Beijing 100084China School of Advanced Agricultural sciences and School of life sciences Peking‐Tsinghua Center for Life SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China department of Biology University of FribourgFribourg 1700Switzerland

Light and gravity coordinately regulate the directional growth of *** Gravitropic in the Light 1(GIL1)inhibits the negative gravitropism of hypocotyls in red and far-red light,but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain *** study found that GIL1 is a plasma membrane-localized *** endodermal cells of the upper part of hypocotyls,GIL1 controls the negative gravitropism of ***1 directly interacts with PIN3 and inhibits the auxin transport activity of *** of PIN3 suppresses the abnormal gravitropic response of gil1 *** GIL1 protein is unstable in darkness but it is stabilized by red and far-red ***,our data suggest that light-stabilized GIL1 inhibits the negative gravitropism of hypocotyls by suppressing the activity of the auxin transporter PIN3,thereby enhancing the emergence of young seedlings from the soil.

关键词： GIL1 gravitropism hypocotyls light PIN3

How variable progenitor clones construct a largely invariant neocortex

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National Science Review 2024年第1期11卷 129-144页

作者： Zhongfu Shen Jiajun Yang Qiangqiang Zhang Kuiyu Wang Xiaohui Lv Xiaolin Hu Jian Ma Song-Hai Shi New Cornerstone Science Laboratory IDG/McG overn Institute for Brain Research Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure School of Life Sciences Tsinghua University department of Computer sciences Tsinghua University College of life sciences Nankai University Chinese Institute for Brain Research

The neocortex contains a vast collection of diverse neurons organized into distinct layers. While nearly all neocortical neurons are generated by radial glial progenitors(RGPs), it remains largely unclear how a complex yet organized neocortex is constructed reliably and robustly. Here, we show that the division behavior and neuronal output of RGPs are highly constrained with patterned variabilities to support the reliable and robust construction of the mouse neocortex. The neurogenic process of RGPs can be well-approximated by a consistent Poisson-like process unfolding over time, producing deep to superficial layer neurons progressively. The exact neuronal outputs regarding layer occupation are variable; yet, this variability is constrained systematically to support all layer formation, largely reflecting the variable intermediate progenitor generation and RGP neurogenic entry and exit timing differences. Together, these results define the fundamental features of neocortical neurogenesis with a balanced reliability and variability for the construction of the complex neocortex.

关键词： neocortex radial glial progenitor intermediate progenitor neurogenesis clonal variability layer formation

OsPDR20 is an ABCG metal transporter regulating cadmium accumulation in rice

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2024年第2期136卷 21-34页

作者： He Li Chao Li Di Sun Zhi Min Yang department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology College of Life SciencesNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China

Cadmium(Cd)is a non-essential toxic heavy metal,seriously posing high environmental risks to human *** genetic resources relevant to functional genes is important for understanding the metal absorption and accumulation in crops and bioremediation of Cd-polluted *** study investigated a functionally uncharacterized ATP binding cassette transporter G family(ABCG)gene encoding a Pleiotropic Drug Resistance 20(PDR20)type metal transporter which is localized to the plasma membrane of ***20 was transcriptionally expressed in almost all tissues and organs in lifespan and was strongly induced in roots and shoots of young rice under Cd *** expression of OsPDR20 in a yeast mutant ycf1 sensitive to Cd conferred cellular tolerance with less Cd *** of OsPDR20 by RNA interference(RNAi)moderately attenuated root/shoot elongation and biomass,with reduced chlorophylls in rice grown under hydroponic medium with 2 and 10μmol/L Cd,but led to more Cd accumulation.A field trial of rice grown in a realistic Cd-contaminated soil(0.40 mg/kg)showed that RNAi plants growth and development were also compromised compared to wild-type(WT),with smaller panicles and lower spikelet fertility but little effect on yield of ***,OsPDR20 suppression resulted in unexpectedly higher levels of Cd accumulation in rice straw including lower leaves and culm and *** results suggest that OsPDR20 is actively involved in Cd accumulation and homeostasis in rice *** increased Cd accumulation in the RNAi plants has the potential application in phytoremediation of Cd-polluted wetland soils.

关键词： Rice ABCG transporter Cadmium accumulation Phytoremediation

Therapeutic advances in neural regeneration for Huntington’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第9期19卷 1991-1997页

作者： Francesco D’Egidio Vanessa Castelli Giorgia Lombardozzi Fabrizio Ammannito Annamaria Cimini Michele d’Angelo department of life Health and Environmental SciencesUniversity of L’AquilaL’AquilaItaly

Huntington’s disease is a neurodegenerative disease caused by the expansion mutation of a cytosine-adenine-guanine triplet in the exon 1 of the HTT gene which is responsible for the production of the huntingtin (Htt) protein. In physiological conditions, Htt is involved in many cellular processes such as cell signaling, transcriptional regulation, energy metabolism regulation, DNA maintenance, axonal trafficking, and antiapoptotic activity. When the genetic alteration is present, the production of a mutant version of Htt (mHtt) occurs, which is characterized by a plethora of pathogenic activities that, finally, lead to cell death. Among all the cells in which mHtt exerts its dangerous activity, the GABAergic Medium Spiny Neurons seem to be the most affected by the mHtt-induced excitotoxicity both in the cortex and in the striatum. However, as the neurodegeneration proceeds ahead the neuronal loss grows also in other brain areas such as the cerebellum, hypothalamus, thalamus, subthalamic nucleus, globus pallidus, and substantia nigra, determining the variety of symptoms that characterize Huntington’s disease. From a clinical point of view, Huntington’s disease is characterized by a wide spectrum of symptoms spanning from motor impairment to cognitive disorders and dementia. Huntington’s disease shows a prevalence of around 3.92 cases every 100,000 worldwide and an incidence of 0.48 new cases every 100,000/year. To date, there is no available cure for Huntington’s disease. Several treatments have been developed so far, aiming to reduce the severity of one or more symptoms to slow down the inexorable decline caused by the disease. In this context, the search for reliable strategies to target the different aspects of Huntington’s disease become of the utmost interest. In recent years, a variety of studies demonstrated the detrimental role of neuronal loss in Huntington’s disease condition highlighting how the replacement of lost cells would be a reasonable strategy to o

关键词： cell therapy exosomes extracellular vesicles Huntingtin Huntington’s disease medium spiny neurons neurodegenerative disease neurogenesis neuronal loss stem cells

Immune checkpoint inhibitors:breakthroughs in cancer treatment

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2024年第6期21卷 451-472页

作者： Xueqing Kong Jinyi Zhang Shuwei Chen Xianyang Wang Qing Xi Han Shen Rongxin Zhang Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation School of Life Sciences and BiopharmaceuticsGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhou 510006China department of Biology School of Life Sciences and BiopharmaceuticsGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhou 510006China

Over the past two decades,immunotherapies have increasingly been considered as first-line treatments for most *** such treatment is immune checkpoint blockade(ICB),which has demonstrated promising results against various solid tumors in clinical *** antibodies(mAbs)are currently available as immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs).These ICIs target specific immune checkpoints,including cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4(CTLA-4)and programmed cell death protein 1(PD-1).Clinical trial results strongly support the feasibility of this immunotherapeutic ***,a substantial proportion of patients with cancer develop resistance or tolerance to treatment,owing to tumor immune evasion mechanisms that counteract the host immune ***,substantial research focus has been aimed at identifying additional ICIs or synergistic inhibitory receptors to enhance the effectiveness of anti-PD-1,anti-programmed cell death ligand 1(anti-PD-L1),and anti-CTLA-4 ***,several immune checkpoint molecular targets have been identified,such as T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains(TIGIT),mucin domain containing-3(TIM-3),lymphocyte activation gene-3(LAG-3),V-domain immunoglobulin suppressor of T cell activation(VISTA),B and T lymphocyte attenuator(BTLA),and signal-regulatory proteinα(SIRPα).Functional m Abs targeting these molecules are under ***-4,PD-1/PD-L1,and other recently discovered immune checkpoint proteins with distinct structures are at the forefront of *** review discusses these structures,as well as clinical progress in m Abs targeting these immune checkpoint molecules and their potential applications.

关键词： Immunotherapy cancer ICIs PD-1 CTLA-4

Nuclear phylogenomics of angiosperms and insights into their relationships and evolution

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2024年第3期66卷 546-578页

作者： Guojin Zhang Hong Ma College of life sciences Hunan Normal UniversityChangsha 410081China department of Biology 510 Mueller LaboratoryHuck Institutes of the Life SciencesThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA

Angiosperms(flowering plants) are by far the most diverse land plant group with over 300,000 species. The sudden appearance of diverse angiosperms in the fossil record was referred to by Darwin as the “abominable mystery,”hence contributing to the heightened interest in angiosperm evolution. Angiosperms display wide ranges of morphological, physiological,and ecological characters, some of which have probably influenced their species richness. The evolutionary analyses of these characteristics help to address questions of angiosperm diversification and require well resolved phylogeny. Following the great successes of phylogenetic analyses using plastid sequences,dozens to thousands of nuclear genes from next-generation sequencing have been used in angiosperm phylogenomic analyses, providing well resolved phylogenies and new insights into the evolution of angiosperms. In this review we focus on recent nuclear phylogenomic analyses of large angiosperm clades, orders, families,and subdivisions of some families and provide a summarized Nuclear Phylogenetic Tree of Angiosperm Families. The newly established nuclear phylogenetic relationships are highlighted and compared with previous phylogenetic results. The sequenced genomes of Amborella,Nymphaea, Chloranthus, Ceratophyllum, and species of monocots, Magnoliids, and basal eudicots, have facilitated the phylogenomics of relationships among five major angiosperms clades. All but one of the 64 angiosperm orders were included in nuclear phylogenomics with well resolved relationships except the placements of several orders. Most families have been included with robust and highly supported placements, especially for relationships within several large and important orders and ***, we examine the divergence time estimation and biogeographic analyses of angiosperm on the basis of the nuclear phylogenomic frameworks and discuss the differences compared with previous analyses. Furthermore,we discuss the implicatio

关键词： angiosperms evolution flowering plants nuclear gene phylogenomics phylogeny

The Anxiolytic and Antidepressant Effect of Stachys Lavandulifolia in the Experimental Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Rat Model of Acute Seizure

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World Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2024年第1期10卷 114-120页

作者： Vahid Azizi Farzin Allahyari Abdolkarim Hosseini department of Animal sciences Faculty of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShahid Beheshti UniversityTehranIran

Objective:In traditional medicine,Stachys lavandulifolia or mountain tea has been used in the treatment of arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.A leaf extract from this plant is also thought to be effective in treating epilepsy as well as other neurological *** assess the effect of *** extract(SLE),rats were exposed to a stress and anxiety model caused by *** and Methods:A challenge dose of pentylenetetrazole(PTZ)(60 mg/kg)was used to induce seizures in male Wistar rats(200-250 g).Animal treated with an intraperitoneal injection of either SLE(50 mg/kg)or sodium valproate(100 mg/kg)alone or in combination 30 min before PTZ *** effect of stress and anxiety was assessed using an open field test(OFT),forced swim test(FST),and elevated plus maze(EPM).At the end of the experiment,anesthesia was used to euthanize rats,and their blood serum was collected for measurements of glutathione(GSH),malondialdehyde(MDA),and GSH peroxidase(GPx).Results:In contrast to the control group,those treated with PTZ exhibited depressive *** 50 mg/kg,SLE provided protection against seizures induced by *** also reduced seizure-induced stress and anxiety,significantly improving FST,EPM,and OFT compared with the PTZ-treated *** decreasing MDA levels and restoring the antioxidant enzymes GSH and GPx,SLE treatment protects against seizure-induced anxiety and ***:SLE inhibits oxidative stress damage and seizure-induced stress by inhibiting seizures'inhibitory effects.

关键词： Anxiety behavior depression oxidative stress traditional medicine

A repertoire of intronic lariat RNAs reveals tissue-specific regulation and target mimicry potential in plants

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Science China(life sciences) 2024年第6期67卷 1280-1291页

作者： Yong Zhang Xiaotuo Zhang Qi Tang Lei Li Ting Jiang Yixiao Fang Hong Zhang Jixian Zhai Guodong Ren Binglian Zheng State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering Institute of Plant BiologySchool of Life SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai 200438China department of Biology School of Life SciencesSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China

Lariat RNA is concomitantly produced by excised intron during RNA splicing,which is usually debranched by DBR1,an RNA debranching ***,increasing evidence showed that some lariat RNA could escape *** is known about how and why these lariat RNAs could be *** comparing the atlas of lariat RNAs between the non-dividing cell(mature pollen)and three actively dividing tissues(young shoot apex,young seeds,and young roots),we identified hundreds to thousands of lariat RNA naturally retained in each tissue,and the incidence of lariat RNA retention is much less in shoot apex while much more in *** lariat RNAs derived from the same intron or different lariat RNAs from the same pre-m RNA could be retained in one tissue while degraded in the other *** deciphering lariat RNA sequences,we identified an AG-rich(RAAAAVAAAR)motif and a UC-rich(UCUCUYUCUC)motif for pollen-specific and the other three tissues-retained lariat RNAs,*** of the pollen-specific AG-rich motif indeed enhanced lariat RNA retention in ***,hundreds of lariat RNAs harbored mi RNA binding sites,and dual-luciferase reporter assay showed that these natural lariat RNAs had the potential to protect expression of mi RNA target ***,our results uncover that selective retention of lariat RNA is an actively regulatory process,and provide new insights into understanding how lariat RNA metabolism may impact mi RNA activity.

关键词： intron turnover lariat RNA miRNA RNA splicing DBR1

Applications and grants of the National Natural Science Foundation of China's General Program and Young Scientists Fund in immunology research:a 10-year review(2013–2022)

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Science China(life sciences) 2024年第6期67卷 1321-1324页

作者： Baoman Li Yanyan Tian Puyue Wang department of life sciences National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaBeijing 100085China

Immunology,a biomedical discipline with an ancient history of maintaining thriving research vitality to date,refers to the study of the structure and function of the immune system of the body,the pathogenesis of immune-related diseases,immunological diagnoses,and prevention mechanisms(National Natural Science Foundation of China,2023).Immunological research is the foundation of research in biology,as well as basic and clinical medicine(Kubli et al.,2021).

关键词： prevention Foundation Natural