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The role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in prostate cancer

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2018年第3期20卷 238-243页

作者： catherine Elix Sumanta K Pal Jeremy O Jones department of medical oncology City of Hope National Medical Center Duarte CA91010 USA.

Despite great progress in the detection and treatment of prostate cancer, this disease remains an incredible health and economic burden. Although androgen receptor （AR） signaling plays a key role in the development and progression of prostate cancer, aberrations in other molecular pathways also contribute to the disease, making it essential to identify and develop drugs against novel targets, both for the prevention and treatment of prostate cancer. One promising target is the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma （PPARy） protein. PPARy was originally thought to act as a tumor suppressor in prostate cells because agonist ligands inhibited the growth of prostate cancer cells; however, additional studies found that PPARy agonists inhibit cell growth independent of PPARy. Furthermore, PPARy expression increases with cancer grade/stage, which would suggest that it is not a tumor suppressor but instead that PPARy activity may play a role in prostate cancer development and/or progression. Indeed, two new studies, taking vastly different, unbiased approaches, have identified PPARy as a target in prostate cancer and suggest that PPARy inhibition might be useful in prostate cancer prevention and treatment. These findings could lead to a new therapeutic weapon in the fight against prostate cancer.

关键词： androgen receptor PPAR gamma prevention prostate cancer warfarin

Rapid Purification of a New Humanized Single-chain Fv Antibody/Human Interleukin-2 Fusion Protein Reactive against HER2 Receptor

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Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica 2004年第10期36卷 707-712页

作者： Tak-Chun YIP,Cheuk-Sang KWOK department of Clinical oncology Queen Elizabeth Hospital Hong Kong China Division of radiation oncology city of hope national medical center duarte ca91010 USA

Human embryonic kidney 293 cells were transfected with plasmid pcDNA-H520C9scFv-rhIL- 2 containing a chimeric cDNA encoding the humanized 520C9 scFv/recombinant human IL-2 fusion protein (H520C9scFv-rhIL-2). The transfected cells in plateau growing phase were cultured in serum-free medium for three days. The supernatant was collected, concentrated and purified using an affinity column packed with CNBr-activated Sepharose 4B coupled with anti-rhIL-2 mouse monoclonal antibody. The purified fusion protein was analyzed by ELISA, SDS-PAGE and Western blot. The fusion protein showed only one band in both silver stained electrophoresis gel and Western blot developed by ECL chemiluminescence system. Its molecular weight was confirmed to be about 45 kD. This fusion protein possessed binding specificity against p185 positive SKOV3 and B16/neu cells, and it might stimulate IL-2-dependent CTLL-2 cell prolifera- tion as well.

关键词： single-chain Fv antibody IL-2 fusion protein human embryonic kidney 293 cells affinity chromatography

Racial and ethnic disparities in gastric cancer outcomes: More important than surgical technique?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第33期20卷 11546-11551页

作者： Shaila J Merchant Lily Li Joseph Kim Division of Surgical oncology Department of Surgery City of Hope National Medical Center Duarte CA 91010 United States

Racial and ethnic disparities in cancer care are major public health concerns and their identification is necessary to develop interventions to eliminate these disparities. We and others have previously observed marked disparities in gastric cancer outcomes between Eastern and Western patients. These disparities have long been attributed to surgical technique and extent of lymphadenectomy. However, more recent evidence suggests that other factors such as tumor biology, environmental factors such as Helicobacter pylori infection and stage migration may also significantly contribute to these observed disparities. We review the literature surrounding disparities in gastric cancer and provide data pertaining to potential contributing factors.

关键词： Race Ethnicity Disparities Gastric cancer Gastric adenocarcinoma

Expression and Chromosomal Mapping of Mouse Gpx2 Gene Encoding the Gastrointestinal Form of Glutathione Peroxidase, GPX-GI

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 1997年第2期10卷 156-162页

作者： FONG-FONG CHU R. STEVEN ESWORTHY YE SHIH HO MARGIT BERMEISTER KRISTINE SWIDEREK AND ROSEMARY W. ELLIOTT(department of medical oncology, city of hope Midical center, duarte,ca91010, USA department of Psychiatry and Human Genetics,Mintal Health Research department of medical oncology City of Hope Medical Center Duarte CA 91010 USA.

GPX-GI is a cytosolic tetrameric Se-dependent glutathione peroxidase, similar in properties to GPX-1. Unlike the almost ubiquitous GPX-1, GPX-GI is mainly expressed in the epithelium of gastrointestinal tract. GPX-GI contributes to at least fifty percent of GPX activity in rodent small intestmal epithelium. The total GPX activity consists of at least 70% of selenium-dependent GPX activity in this *** analyzing a panel of mouse mterspecies DNA from the Jackson Laboratory's backcross resource,we mapped Gpx2 gene to mouse chromosome 12 between D12Mit4 and D12Mit5, near the Ccs1 locus which contains a colon cancer susceptibility gene. A pseudogene, Gpx2-ps is mapped to mouse chromosome *** of Gpx2 gene expression in three pairs of C57BL/6Ha and ICR/Ha mice which are respectively resistant and sensitive to dimethylhydrazine-induced colon cancer, we found a higher Gpx2 mRNA level in C57BL/6Ha colon than ICR/Ha colon. Interestingly, a lower level of GPX activity is found in the resistant strain of mice. Because GPX-1 has three times higher specific activity than GPX GI, our data suggest that the decreased GPX activity may result from a higher level of Gpx2 gene expression in those cells co-express GPx1 gene

关键词： GPX-GI GPx gene Form Expression and Chromosomal Mapping of Mouse Gpx2 Gene Encoding the Gastrointestinal Form of Glutathione Peroxidase GI

Over-expression of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 in human hepatocellular carcinoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第34期11卷 5266-5272页

作者： Wei-Hua Qiu Bing-Sen Zhou Peiguo G. Chu Wen-Gang Chen Christopher Chung Jennifer Shih Paul Hwu Christopher Yeh Richard Lopez Yun Yen department of medical oncology and Therapeutic Research City of Hope NationalMedical Center Duarte CA 91010 United States department of Pathology City of Hope National Medic al Center Duarte CA 91010 United StatesRichard lopez Department of Surgery St. Vincent Hospital LACA 90057 United States

AIM: To describe the significant over-expression of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3), which is a signal transduction and cell proliferation related gene in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).METHODS: Following DNA microarray, Northern blot and quantitative real-time PCR were employed to confirm FGFR3 expression difference in HCC tissues and surrounding non-neoplastic liver tissue. FGFR3 expression levels were further determined by immunohistochemical study in 43 cases of ***: Northern blot results showed the significant over-expression of FGFR3 in HCC tissues, which was consistent with that from DNA microarray. Quantitative real-time PCR demonstrated that the mean ratio of FGFR3 mRNA to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GADPH) mRNA in HCC tissue was 0.250, whereas the ratio in non-neoplastic liver tissue was 0.014. Statistical analyses of 43 cases of HCC revealed that HCC scored higher than the matched non-neoplastic liver *** of clinicopathological features revealed a strong correlation of over-expression of FGFR3 with poor tumor differentiation and high nuclear ***: Over-expression of FGFR3 may play an important role in liver carcinogenesis. FGFR3 may be an ideal candidate as a molecular marker in the diagnosis of HCC and a potential therapeutic target.

关键词： Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 Human hepatocellular carcinoma Microarray

Fluids in abdominal surgery: what is the goal?

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2018年第3期7卷 227-228页

作者： Oliver S. Eng Division of Surgical oncology Department of SurgeryCity of Hope National Medical CenterDuarteCAUSA

In the early 2000s, the approach to perioperative fluid management in major abdominal surgery underwent a paradigm change in favor of restrictive, rather than standard or liberal, fluid regimens. The basis for this shift in philosophy was a result of randomized controlled trials such as one by Brandstrup et al., which demonstrated improved morbidity and outcomes with perioperative fluid restriction (1). With similar results reported across a variety of other prospective trials, the practice of perioperative fluid restriction garnered more support and acceptance (2,3).

关键词： fluid surgery s.

Genomic instability as a major mechanism for acquired resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors in cancer

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Protein & Cell 2022年第2期13卷 82-89页

作者： Bing Liu Daniela Duenas Li Zheng Karen Reckamp Binghui Shen department of cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope1500 East Duarte RoadDuarteCA 91010USA Division of medical oncology Cedars-Sinai Medical Center8700 Beverly BlvdWest HollywoodCA 90048USA

The mutation-mediated overexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase(EGFR TK)and its activation play an important role in the cellular proliferation and epithelial tumorigenesis.A series of inhibitors targeting the intracellular tyrosine kinase(TK)domain of EGFR have been developed and applied to clinical *** these inhibitors safely and effectively restrain tumor cell proliferation and prolong survival in some patients,acquired resistance ultimately *** mutations contribute to druginduced cancer-cell resistance.

关键词： cancer resistance clinical

Existing and emerging biomarkers in hepatocellular carcinoma:relevance in staging,determination of minimal residual disease,and monitoring treatment response:a narrative review

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2024年第1期13卷 39-55页

作者： Dana A.Dominguez Paul Wong Laleh G.Melstrom department of Surgical oncology City of Hope National Medical CenterDuarteCAUSA University of california San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA

Background and Objective:With the development of novel active systemic therapies,the landscape of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)management is rapidly ***,HCC lacks sensitive and specific biomarkers to predict prognosis,monitor for minimal residual disease after locoregional therapy,and predict treatment *** this review,we aim to summarize the best supporting evidence for refining existing,and development of novel biomarkers for staging,prognosis,determination of minimal residual disease and monitoring treatment response in HCC,focusing on those with evidence in clinical ***:PubMed and Embase databases were searched using the keywords;hepatocellular carcinoma,biomarker,minimal residual disease,surveillance,prognosis,staging,alpha-fetoprotein(AFP),liquid biopsy,treatment response,adjuvant,*** clinical studies were *** Content and Findings:AFP remains the major workhorse as the most widely used biomarker in HCC,however,its lack of wide applicability due to the high proportion of patients with HCC who are AFP negative,limits its value throughout all stages of HCC *** work has been done to combine AFP with other clinical and serologic factors to increase its accuracy and utility as a ***,it is likely that other more novel biomarkers such as those obtained through liquid biopsy will provide the prognostic power necessary for applications such as detecting recurrence and predicting treatment *** biopsy provides not only a wealth of potential biomarkers including circulating tumor cells and cell-free RNA/DNA,but also the ability to examine the mutational characteristics of the tumor with next generation *** early evidence supports the potential impact of many new biomarkers,validation in large clinical trials is ***:This review highlights the paucity of sensitive and specific,widely applicable biomarkers,throughout all phases of management of

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) biomarker liquid biopsy alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)

Ring artifacts removal in X-ray-induced acoustic computed tomography

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2022年第3期15卷 54-69页

作者： Prabodh Kumar Pandey Hari Om Aggrawal Siqi Wang Kaitlyn Kim An Liu Liangzhong Xiang department of Radiological Sciences University of california IrvineCA 92697USA Institute of Mathematics and Image Computing University of L€ubeck Germany Independent Technical Consultant India department of Biomedical Engineering University of california IrvineCA 92617USA department of radiation oncology city of hope national medical center duarte ca 91010 USA Beckman Laser Institute University of california IrvineCA 92612USA

X-ray-induced acoustic computed tomography(XACT)is a hybrid imaging modality for detecting X-ray absorption distribution via ultrasound *** facilitates imaging from a single projection X-ray illumination,thus reducing the radiation exposure and improving imaging *** detector response caused by the interference between multichannel data acquisition for ring array transducers and amplifier systems yields ring artifacts in the reconstructed XACT images,which compromises the image *** propose model-based algorithms for ring artifacts corrected XACT imaging and demonstrate their effcacy on numerical and experimental *** corrected reconstructions indicate significantly reduced ring artifacts as compared to their conventional counterparts.

关键词： X-ray-induced acoustic computed tomography(XACT) ring artifacts artifacts correction