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Quantum Unruh Effect on radiation of Black Holes

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Journal of Modern Physics 2024年第6期15卷 938-949页

作者： Tianxi Zhang department of Physics Alabama A & M University Huntsville AL USA

The quantum Unruh effect on radiation of a gravitational object including a black hole is analyzed and calculated. It is surprisingly found that the well-known Hawking radiation of a black hole is not physical. Applying the Stephan-Boltzmann law with the use of the Unruh radiation temperature at the surface of a black hole to calculate the power of radiation of the black hole is conceptually unphysical. This is because the Unruh radiation temperature results from the gravitational field of the object rather than from the thermal motion of matter of the object, so that the Stephan-Boltzmann law is not applicable. This paper shows that the emission power of Unruh radiation from a gravitational object should be calculated in terms of the rate of increase of the total Unruh radiation energy outside the object. The result obtained from this study indicates that a gravitational object can emit Unruh radiation when the variation of its mass and radius satisfies an inequality of dM/M > 1.25dR/R. For a black hole, the emission of Unruh radiation does not occur unless it can loose its mass (dM radiation is only an extremely tiny part of the rate of mass-energy loss if the black hole is not extremely micro-sized. This study turns down our traditional understanding of the Hawking radiation and thermodynamics of black holes.

关键词： Black Hole Gravitation Quantum Field Theory Blackbody radiation

Adenosine A2B receptor: novel anti-cancer therapeutic implications

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Journal of Cancer Metastasis and Treatment 2017年第1期3卷 206-208页

作者： Silvia Paola Corona Navid Sobhani Daniele Generali department of radiation oncology Peter MacCallum Cancer CenterMoorabbin CampusBentleigh East VIC 3165Australia department of Medical Surgery and Health SciencesUniversity of Trieste34129 TriesteItaly.

Extracellular adenosine is a product of the metabolism of nucleotides such as ATP and ADP and mediates a wide range of events under normal and pathological conditions[1,2].Adenosine receptors belong to the G-coupled s... 详细信息

关键词： Adenosine metabolism therapeutic

Controversies in the diagnosis and management of early gastric cancer

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Chinese Journal of Cancer Research 2013年第3期25卷 263-266页

作者： Zhaode Bu Jiafu Ji department of Gastrointestinal Surgery Beijing Cancer Hospital and Institute Peking University School of Oncology Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education)

Early diagnosis and treatment is the key to improving the prognosis of gastric cancer. The past decades have wimessed the rapid advances in the diagnosis and management of early gastric cancer （EGC）： endoscopy has played an increasingly important role, whereas laparoscopic techniques have also been introduced for EGC treatment. In China, the proportion of EGC is gradually increasing, and this condition will soon become a hot research topic. In this article, we will elucidate some major controversies in the diagnosis and management of EGC.

关键词： EGC Controversies in the diagnosis and management of early gastric cancer

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胸腺瘤放疗的相关定义和报告指南

中国肺癌杂志 2014年第2期17卷 110-115页

作者：付浩中国胸腺瘤协作组全体成员 Daniel Gomez Ritsuko Komaki James Yu Hitoshi Ikushima Andrea Bezjak 北京大学肿瘤医院 department of radiation oncology MD Anderson Cancer Center department of radiation oncology Yale University School of Medicine department of radiation oncology Institute of Health BiosciencesUniversity of Tokushima department of radiation oncology Princess Margaret Hospital

放疗在胸腺肿瘤的治疗中仍然占有重要地位，但是很多细节没有明确的定义。例如，如何放疗、如何确定放疗范围、哪些患者需要放疗和如何报告放疗结果都没有统一的标准。ITMIG的成立，给解决这些问题创造了机会。但是先决条件是制定统一... 详细信息

放疗在胸腺肿瘤的治疗中仍然占有重要地位，但是很多细节没有明确的定义。例如，如何放疗、如何确定放疗范围、哪些患者需要放疗和如何报告放疗结果都没有统一的标准。ITMIG的成立，给解决这些问题创造了机会。但是先决条件是制定统一的定义和方法，使不同结果能被理解和比较，这也是本文的主旨。文献和形成初步建议，再提交给下一个扩展工作组（Charles hTomas, Lynn Wilson, Gregory Videtic. James Metz, Harun Badakhshi, Clifton Fuller, Franc-oie Mornex, Conrad Falkson, David Ball, and Ken Rosenzweig）审议，之后将建议提交给ITMIG多学科组进一步讨论，形成初稿（包含推荐方法和标准操作流程）后分发给所有ITMIG成员更进一步讨论并反馈意见，最终版本经ITMIG批准并被采用。

关键词：放疗报告指南胸腺瘤 Wilson 胸腺肿瘤推荐方法工作组 Ken

Design and development of a plastic scintillator based whole body β/γ contamination monitoring system

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2021年第5期32卷 33-42页

作者： Vaishali M.Thakur Amit Jain P.Ashokkumar Rekha Anilkumar Pravin Sawant Probal Chaudhury L.M.Chaudhari radiation Safety Systems Division Bhabha Atomic Research CentreMumbai 400085India Health Physics Division Bhabha Atomic Research CentreMumbai 400085India department of Physics Nowrosjee Wadia CollegePuneMaharashtra 411001India

Plastic scintillation detectors based whole body β/γ contamination monitors are developed for use in radiation *** microcontroller-based multi-detector system uses 13 plastic scintillator detectors,with minimized dead detection zones,monitoring the whole body,and conforming to the contamination limit prescribed by the regulatory *** system has the features for monitoring hands,feet,head,and faceβ/γusing contamination monitors and portal exit *** can detect gamma sources at a dose rate of 10 n Gyh^(-1).The system is calibrated using b sources^(90)Sr/^(90)Y,^(204)Tl,and^(36)Cl,and the efficiency is found to be 29%,22%,and 18%,***β/γcontaminationis0.15 Bqcm^(-2),which is significantly less than the minimum detection objectives on head,face,hands,and feet.

关键词： Plastic scintillation detector Contamination monitor Microcontroller Minimum Detection Objective(MDO) Minimum Detection Concentration(MDC)

Efficacy of a traditional Persian medicine preparation for radiation-induced xerostomia:a randomized,open-label,active-controlled trial

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2017年第3期15卷 201-208页

作者： Ghazaleh Heydarirad Hossein Rezaeizadeh Rasool Choopani Seyed Hamdollah Mosavat Ahmad Ameri department of Traditional Medicine School of Traditional Medicine Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran 15167-45811 Iran department of Traditional Medicine School of Traditional Medicine Tehran University of Medical Science Tehran 16687-53961 Iran Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine Shiraz University of Medical SciencesShiraz 71356-44144 Iran Essence of Parsiyan Wisdom Institute Traditional Medicine and Medicinal Plant Incubator Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz 71356-44144 Iran department of radiation oncology Imam Hossein Hospital Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehran 19946-15611 Iran

BACKGROUND： Xerostomia is one of the most common side effects of radiation therapy among patients with head and neck cancers （HNC）. However, conventional medicine lacks an effective treatment for radiation-induced xerostomia. OBJECTIVE： Synthesizing the traditional use ofAIcea digitata and Malva sylvestris with their known beneficial effects from recent studies, we evaluated the efficacy of the herbs in the quality of life （QOL） of HNC patients with radiation-induced xerostomia. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTIONS： This study is a randomized, double-arm, open-label active-controlled clinical trial. We evaluated the effect ofA. digitata and M. sy/vestris on QOL of HNC patients with radiation-induced xerostomia compared with Hypozalix （artificial saliva）. Patients were enrolled from the Imam Hossein Hospital＇s oncology clinic in Shahid Beheshti University of Medica Sciences. Tehran, Iran. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Primary outcome measures in this trial were changes in patients＇ QOL assessed by the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire, Head and Neck Module （EORTC QLQ-H＆N 35）. RESULTS： Between-group analysis showed that the intervention group patients obtained significantly lower （better） total EORTC QLQ-H＆N 35 scores as compared to the control group at the end of the intervention period （P = 0.007）. Mean scores of dry mouth of EORTC QLQ-H＆N 35 was also significantly lower （better） in the intervention group as compared to the control group （P = 0.017）.

关键词： xerostomia medicine Persian traditional hollyhocks common mallow cancer

New strategy during complicated open appendectomy: Convert open operation to laparoscopy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第31期20卷 10938-10943页

作者： Jin-Hui Zhu Wei Li Kai Yu Jia Wu Yun Ji Jian-Wei Wang department of General Surgery and Laparoscopic Center The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine department of General Surgery Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital department of oncology the Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine

AIM: To introduce a new strategy during complicated open appendectomy - converting open operation to laparoscopy.

关键词： Complicated appendectomy Open Laparoscopy Conversion Complication

Signaling pathway of insulin-like growth factor-Ⅱ as a target of molecular therapy for hepatoblastoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第40期12卷 6531-6535页

作者： Minoru Tomizawa Hiromitsu Saisho department of Medicine and Clinical oncology Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine 1-8-1 Inohana Chuo-ku Chiba City Chiba 260-8670 Japan

AIM： To address the possibility that insulin-like growth factor （IGF）-Ⅱ is a growth factor and its signaling pathway so as to develop a molecular therapy for hepatoblastoma. METHODS： Huh-6 and HepG2, human hepatoblastoma cell lines, were used. IGF-Ⅱ was added to the medium deprived of serum. Western blot analysis was performed to clarify the expression of IGF-Ⅰ receptor （IGF-IR）. Inhibitors of IGF-IR （piclopodophyllin, PPP）, phosphatidyl-inositol （PI） 3-kinase （LY294002 and Wortmannin）, or mitogen-activated protein （MAP） kinase （PD98059） were added to unveil the signaling pathway of IGF-Ⅱ. Cells were analyzed morphologically with hematoxylin-eosin staining to reveal the mechanism of suppression of cell proliferation. RESULTS： IGF-Ⅱ stimulated cells proliferated to 2.7 （269% ± 76%）（mean ± SD）（Huh-6） and 2.1 （211% ± 85%） times （HepG2）. IGF-IR was expressed in Huh-6 and HepG2. PPP suppressed the cell number to 44% ± 11% （Huh-6） and 39% ± 5% （HepG2）. LY294002 and Wortmannin suppressed the cell number to 30% ± 5% （Huh-6）, 44% ± 0.4% （HepG2）, 49% ± 1.0% （Huh-6） and 46% ± 1.1% （HepG2）, respectively. PD98059 suppressed the cell number to 33% ± 11% for HepG2 but not for Huh-6. When cell proliferation was prohibited, many Huh-6 and HepG2 cells were dead with pyknotic or fragmented nuclei, suggesting apoptosis. CONCLUSION： IGF- Ⅱ was shown to be a growth factor of hepatoblastoma via IGF-Ⅰ receptor and PI3 kinase which were good candidates for target of molecular therapy.

关键词： 3- (4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5- (3-carbo xymethoxyphenyl)-2- (4-sulfophenyl) -2H-tetrazolium inner salt assay Phosphatidyl-inositol-3-kinase Mitogenactivated protein kinase Hepatoblastoma Molecular therapy

Clinical features and survival of patients with multiple primary malignancies

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2021年第34期9卷 10484-10493页

作者： Xin-Kun Wang Min-Hang Zhou department of Radiology the Fourth Medical CenterChinese PLA General HospitalBeijing 100048China department of Geriatric oncology the Fourth Medical CenterChinese PLA General HospitalBeijing 100048China

BACKGROUND Multiple primary malignancies(MPM)are characterized by two or more primary malignancies in the same patient,excluding relapse or metastasis of prior *** aimed to elucidate the clinical features and survival of MPM *** To elucidate the clinical features and survival of MPM *** A retrospective study of MPM patients was conducted in our hospital between June 2016 and June *** survival(OS)was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier *** log-rank test was used to compare the survival of different *** A total of 243 MPM patients were enrolled,including 222 patients with two malignancies and 21 patients with three *** patients with two malignancies,51(23.0%)had synchronous MPM,and 171(77.7%)had metachronous *** most common first cancers were breast cancer(33,14.9%)and colorectal cancer(31,14.0%).The most common second cancers were non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)(66,29.7%)and gastric cancer(24,10.8%).There was no survival difference between synchronous and metachronous MPM patients(36.4 vs 35.3 mo,P=0.809).Patients aged>65 years at diagnosis of the second cancer had a shorter survival than patients≤65 years(28.4 vs 36.4 mo,P=0.038).Patients with distant metastasis had worse survival than patients without metastasis(20.4 vs 86.9 mo,P=0.000).Following multivariate analyses,age>65 years and distant metastasis were independent adverse prognostic factors for *** During follow-up of a first cancer,the occurrence of a second or more cancers should receive greater attention,especially for common concomitant MPM,to ensure early detection and treatment of the subsequent cancer.

关键词： Multiple primary malignancies Overall survival Prognostic factor Distant metastasis Age