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Novel closed-form resistance formulae for rectangular interconnects

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Journal of Semiconductors 2011年第5期32卷 70-75页

Two closed-form formulae for the frequency-dependent resistance of rectangular cross-sectional interconnects are presented. The frequency-dependent resistance r （f） of a rectangular interconnect line or a intercon- nect line with a ground plane structure is first obtained by a numerical method. Based on the strict numerical results, a novel closed-form formula r（f） for a rectangular interconnect alone is fitted out using the Levenberg-Marquardt method. This r（f） can be widely used for analyzing on-chip power grid Ir-drop when the frequency is changing. Compared to the previously published r（f） formula for an interconnect, the formula provided here is more accu- rate during the frequency transition range. Also for a bigger width to thickness ratio, this formula shows greater accuracy and robustness. In addition, this paper fits out the closed-form r（f） formula for a micro-strip-like inter- connect （an interconnect with a ground plane）, which is a typical structure in the on-chip or package power delivery system.

关键词： interconnect resistance Levenberg-Marquardt method

Magnetic Field Improvement in End region of rectangular Planar dC Magnetron Based on Particle Simulation

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Plasma science and Technology 2008年第6期10卷 694-700页

作者：邱清泉励庆孚苏静静焦余 Jim FINLEY department of Electrical Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an 710049China Pennsylvania Pittsburgh Glass Industries inc.Glass r&d Center PittsburghPennsylvania15238USA

For a rectangular planar direct current （dC） magnetron, anomalous target erosion may occur in the curve-out region and inner side of the curved region. One key factor is that the magnetic field in the end region is weaker than that in the straight region, and another important factor may be that there is a circumferential component of the magnetic field in the curved region. Through a calculation of three-dimensional magnetic field for the rectangular magnetron, a magnet structure shimmed by permanent magnet bars and ferromagnetic bars is proposed to solve the above problems. Through a three-dimensional non-self-consistent particle simulation and the Yamamura/Tawara formula, the target erosion profile could be predicted. The simulation results show that for an improved uniformity in magnetic field, the entire target utilization could be much enhanced.

关键词： magnetron sputtering plasma magnetic field erosion particle simulation

Topology optimization based on reduction methods with applications to multiscale design and additive manufacturing

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Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2020年第1期15卷 151-165页

作者： Emmanuel TrOMME Atsushi KAWAMOTO James KGUEST department of Civil Engineering Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD 21218USA Toyota Central r&d Labs. Inc.NagakuteAichi 480-1192Japan

Advanced manufacturing processes such as additive manufacturing offer now the capability to control material placement at unprecedented length scales and thereby dramatically open up the design *** includes the considerations of new component topologies as well as the architecture of material within a topology offering new paths to creating lighter and more efficient *** optimization is an ideal tool for navigating this multiscale design problem and leveraging the capabilities of advanced manufacturing ***,the resulting design problem is computationally challenging as very fine discretizations are needed to capture all micro-structural *** this paper,a method based on reduction techniques is proposed to perform efficiently topology optimization at multiple *** method solves the design problem without length scale separation,i.e.,without iterating between the two ***,connectivity between space-varying micro-structures is naturally *** design problems for various types of micro-structural periodicity are performed to illustrate the method,including applications to infill patterns in additive manufacturing.

关键词： multiscale topology optimization micro-structure additive manufacturing reduction techniques substructuring static condensation super-element

Effects of oat β-glucan–based prebiotic blended formulas on defecation and gut microbiota in Chinese adults: a randomized clinical trial

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Food science and Human Wellness 2024年

作者： Aiqi Li Lei Jin Hui Xia Meiyuan Feng Xirui Zhou Yifang Chu Feng Liu Lanxing Jia Ximin Chen dengfeng Xu Shanjie Ma Xiaofan Xu Xinyu Wang Xiaoqing Li Guiju Sun Liegang Liu Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education， and department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene， School of Public Health Southeast University department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene， Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety， School of Public Health， Tongji Medical College， Huazhong University of science and Technology department of r&d life science，pepsico inc Nutrition and Healthy Food Committee of Chinese Nutrition Society Health Management Branch of Chinese Nutrition Society

digestive health is important for overall well-being， but gut health problems are common in the Chinese population. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of oat β-glucan–based prebiotic blended formulas in humans on digestive health by assessing defecation frequen-cy， defecation symptoms， stool quality， self-reported digestive feelings， defecation satisfaction， and gut bacteria. A parallel， randomized， double-blind， controlled trial was conducted in 168 eli-gible adults randomized to three groups for 14 days: Intervention Groups A and B received two different doses of oat β-glucan–based prebiotic blended formulas and a Control Group received oat β-glucan mixed with hydroxypropylmethyl-cellulose and microcrystalline cellulose. Partici-pants completed a defecation diary and Bristol stool chart daily and digestive system question-naires weekly. Fecal samples were collected on day 0 and day 14 to evaluate gut bacteria using 16S rdNA analysis. Both formulas improved defecation frequency， stool quality， defecation symptoms， defecation satisfaction， and on digestive health of human， compared with baseline (P rmulas led to increased quantities of Bifidobacterium and Akkermansia bacteria， compared to control， on day 14. This study therefore demonstrated the beneficial effects of oat β-glucan–based prebiotic blended formulas on gut health in generally healthy Chinese adults. These formulas are a feasible nutritional strategy for digestive health.

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Behavior Insights for an incentive-Based Active demand Management Platform

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International Journal of Transportation science and Technology 2015年第2期4卷 119-133页

作者： Xianbiao Hu Yi-Chang Chiu Lei Zhu r&d MetropiaInc.TucsonAZUSA department of Civil Engineering and Engineering Mechanics University of ArizonaTucsonUSA

Most current Travel demand Management(TdM)programs such as vanpooling,ridesharing,or transit focus on managing travel demand of specific groups of commuters but are limited in effectively managing demand for automobile drivers,who are unable or unwilling to participate in such *** paper highlights results from a pilot field study conducted in a large west coast city experiencing major traffic congestion,and documents results of the use of an incentive-based active demand management(AdM)system focusing on automobile *** system,called“Metropia,”predicts future traffic conditions,applies a proprietary routing algorithm to find time-dependent shortest paths for different departure times,and,based on user request,provides automobile travelers with multiple departure times and route *** of these travel choices are assigned points values,with higher points(and thus more valuable rewards)available for travelling during off-peak times and less congested routes,and lower points available for peak traffic travel *** goal of this AdM system is to improve traffic flow and commuter travel times citywide,alleviating heavily congested areas without the use of new roadway construction by incentivizing travelers to change their travel behavior and avoid traffic *** level of rewards points available to users(commuters)by the system depends on the travelers’behavioral change degree and their contributions to traffic congestion *** system was implemented in Los Angeles,Calif.,USA,as a small scale pilot field study carried out beginning April 2013 and lasting for 10 *** from this field study show the system is able to accurately predict travel time with relative Mean Absolute Error(rMAE)as low as 15.20%.Significant travel behavior changes were observed which validate the concept of using incentives to influence people’s travel ***,field study results show 20%travel time can be saved for people who chang

关键词： Active demand Management(AdM) Travel demand Management(TdM) incentive departure Time Choice route Choice Travel Behavior Travel Time Prediction Travel Time Savings

dynamic microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of dilute Mg-Al-Ca-Mn alloy during hot rolling

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Journal of Materials science & Technology 2022年第34期129卷 1-14页

作者： Shiwei Xu Congcong Zhu Zhanhong Lin Chen Jin S.Kamado K.Oh-ishi Yun Qin College of Materials science and Engineering Hunan UniversityChangsha 410082China State Key Laboratory of Advanced design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body Hunan UniversityChangsha 410082China Qinghai Salt Lake Teli Magnesium Co.Ltd. Xining 810000China department of Mechanical Engineering Nagaoka University of TechnologyNagaoka 940-2188Japan Toyota Central r&d Labs. Inc.41-1 YokomichiNagakuteAichi 480-1192Japan research Institute(r&d Centre) Baowu Steel Group CorporationShanghai 201900China

The dynamic microstructure and texture of dilute Mg-0.50Al-0.71Ca-0.33Mn(wt.%) during hot rolling at two slab temperatures were investigated by electron backscattered diffraction(EBSd) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy(HrTEM). The results show that the development of the rolling microstructures is to first form {10–12} extension twins in the original grains, thereby forming the extension-twinned regions, and then to further form {10–11}-{10–12} double twins and kinks in the extension-twinned regions, and finally to form continuous dynamic recrystallized(continuous drXed)grains in the double twins and the cross parts of the shear-deformed coarse extension-twinned *** extension twins, double twins and kinks show a decisive effect on the formation of rolling *** number of {10–11}-{10–12} double twins and resultant the continuous drX process are strongly affected by the rolling slab temperature and the reduction thickness per pass. By optimizing the rolling conditions, texture and microstructures of the multi-pass rolled Mg-Al-Ca-Mn alloy sheets are successfully modified. Although the total alloy content is only 1.5 wt.%, these Mg-Al-Ca-Mn alloy sheets show much higher strength than the commercial Mg-3Al-1 Zn(wt.%)(AZ31B) sheet.

关键词： Mg-Al-Ca-Mn alloy Hot rolling dynamic recrystallization Texture control Mechanical properties

Gas Transport Properties in Gas diffusion Layers:A Lattice Boltzmann Study

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Communications in Computational Physics 2011年第5期9卷 1335-1346页

作者： Toshihisa Munekata Takaji Inamuro Shi-aki Hyodo Materials design Laboratory Toyota Central R&D Labs.Inc.NagakuteAichi 480-1192Japan department of Aeronautics and Astronautics Graduate School of EngineeringKyoto UniversityKyoto 606-8501Japan Advanced research Institute of Fluid science and Engineering Graduate School of EngineeringKyoto UniversityKyoto 606-8501Japan

The lattice Boltzmann method is applied to the investigations of the diffusivity and the permeability in the gas diffusion layer(GdL)of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell(PEFC).The effects of the configuration of water droplets,the porosity of the GdL,the viscosity ratio of water to air,and the surface wettability of the GdL are *** the simulations under the PEFC operating conditions,it is found that the heterogeneous water network and the high porosity improve the diffusivity and the permeability,and the hydrophobic surface decreases the permeability.

关键词： diffusivity permeability lattice Boltzmann method gas diffusion layer

Learning to Combine Answer Boundary detection and Answer re-ranking for Phrase-Indexed Question Answering

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2022年第5期31卷 938-948页

作者： WEN Liang SHI Haibo ZHANG Xiaodong SUN Xin WEI Xiaochi WANG Junfeng CHENG Zhicong YIN dawei WANG Xiaolin LUO Yingwei WANG Houfeng department of Computer science and Technology Peking University Peng Cheng Laboratory Baidu inc.

Phrase-indexed question answering(PIQA) seeks to improve the inference speed of question answering(QA) models by enforcing complete independence of the document encoder from the question encoder,and it shows that the constrained model can achieve significant efficiency at the cost of its accuracy. In this paper, we aim to build a model under the PIQA constraint while reducing its accuracy gap with the unconstrained QA models. We propose a novel framework —Ans dr,which consists of an answer boundary detector(Ans d)and an answer candidate ranker(Ans r). More specifically, Ans d is a QA model under the PIQA architecture and it is designed to identify the rough answer boundaries; and Ans r is a lightweight ranking model to finely rerank the potential candidates without losing the efficiency. We perform the extensive experiments on public datasets. The experimental results show that the proposed method achieves the state of the art on the PIQA task.

关键词： text analysis unconstrained QA models Answer re-ranking rough answer boundaries phrase-indexed question answering indexing lightweight ranking model information retrieval combine answer boundary detection question encoder natural language processing answer boundary detector QA model learning (artificial intelligence) encoding question answering (information retrieval) question answering models constrained model answer candidate ranker

First-principles screening of structural properties of intermetallic compounds on martensitic transformation

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npj Computational Materials 2017年第1期3卷 23-36页

作者： Joohwi Lee Yuji Ikeda Isao Tanaka department of Materials science and Engineering Kyoto UniversityKyoto 606-8501Japan Elements Strategy Initiative for Structure Materials(ESISM) Kyoto UniversityKyoto 606-8501Japan Center for Materials research by Information Integration National Institute for Materials Science(NIMS)Tsukuba 305-0047 IbarakiJapan Nanostructures research Laboratory Japan Fine Ceramics CenterNagoya 456-8587 AichiJapan Toyota Central r&d Laboratories Inc.Nagakute 480-1192 AichiJapan

Martensitic transformation with good structural compatibility between parent and martensitic phases are required for shape memory alloys(SMAs)in terms of functional *** this study,first-principles-based materials screening is systematically performed to investigate the intermetallic compounds with the martensitic phases by focusing on energetic and dynamical stabilities as well as structural compatibility with the parent *** B2,d0_(3),and L2_(1) crystal structures are considered as the parent phases,and the 2H and 6M structures are considered as the martensitic *** total,3384 binary and 3243 ternary alloys with stoichiometric composition ratios are *** is found that 187 alloys survive after the *** of the surviving alloys are constituted by the chemical elements already widely used in SMAs,but other various metallic elements are also found in the surviving *** energetic stability of the surviving alloys is further analyzed by comparison with the data in Materials Project database(MPd)to examine the alloys whose martensitic structures may cause further phase separation or transition to the other structures.

关键词： martensitic intermetallic alloys