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Heterogeneity of mature oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1336-1349页

作者： Chao Weng Adam M.R.Groh Moein Yaqubi Qiao-Ling Cui Jo Anne Stratton G.R.Wayne Moore Jack P.Antel Neuroimmunology Unit Montreal Neurological Institute-HospitalDepartment of Neurology and NeurosurgeryMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada department of Neurology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubei ProvinceChina

Mature oligodendrocytes form myelin sheaths that are crucial for the insulation of axons and efficient signal transmission in the central nervous *** evidence has challenged the classical view of the functionally static mature oligodendrocyte and revealed a gamut of dynamic functions such as the ability to modulate neuronal circuitry and provide metabolic support to *** the recognition of potential heterogeneity in mature oligodendrocyte function,a comprehensive summary of mature oligodendrocyte diversity is *** delve into early 20th-century studies by Robertson and Río-Hortega that laid the foundation for the modern identification of regional and morphological heterogeneity in mature ***,recent morphologic and functional studies call into question the long-assumed homogeneity of mature oligodendrocyte function through the identification of distinct subtypes with varying myelination ***,modern molecular investigations,employing techniques such as single cell/nucleus RNA sequencing,consistently unveil at least six mature oligodendrocyte subpopulations in the human central nervous system that are highly transcriptomically diverse and vary with central nervous system *** and disease related mature oligodendrocyte variation denotes the impact of pathological conditions such as multiple sclerosis,Alzheimer's disease,and psychiatric ***,caution is warranted when subclassifying mature oligodendrocytes because of the simplification needed to make conclusions about cell identity from temporally confined *** studies leveraging advanced techniques like spatial transcriptomics and single-cell proteomics promise a more nuanced understanding of mature oligodendrocyte *** research avenues that precisely evaluate mature oligodendrocyte heterogeneity with care to understand the mitigating influence of species,sex,central nervous system region,age,and disease,

关键词： aging central nervous system diseases electron microscopy heterogeneity immunohistochemistry myelin sheath natural history neuroglia oligodendroglia single-cell gene expression analysis

Stepping up after spinal cord injury:negotiating an obstacle during walking

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 1919-1929页

作者： Alain Frigon Charly G.Lecomte department of Pharmacology-Physiology Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversitéde SherbrookeCentre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de SherbrookeSherbrookeQCCanada

Every day walking consists of frequent voluntary modifications in the gait pattern to negotiate *** spinal cord injury,stepping over an obstacle becomes *** over an obstacle requires sensorimotor transformations in several structures of the brain,including the parietal cortex,premotor cortex,and motor *** information and planning are transformed into motor commands,which are sent from the motor cortex to spinal neuronal circuits to alter limb trajectory,coordinate the limbs,and maintain *** spinal cord injury,bidirectional communication between the brain and spinal cord is disrupted and animals,including humans,fail to voluntarily modify limb trajectory to step over an ***,in this review,we discuss the neuromechanical control of stepping over an obstacle,why it fails after spinal cord injury,and how it recovers to a certain extent.

关键词： biomechanics locomotion neurophysiology obstacle negotiation spinal cord injury

Nickel and aluminium recovery from spent reforming catalyst through selective leaching,crystallization and precipitation

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2022年第1期32卷 345-353页

作者： Naga Raju BATTI N.R.MANDRE department of qc&ssp audit Projects&Development India Limited(Govt.of India U/T)PDIL BhawanA-14Sector-1NoidaGautam Buddh NagarU.P–201301India department of Fuel Minerals and Metallurgical EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology(Indian School of Mines)DhanbadJharkhand–826004India

An attempt has been made to investigate and optimize the recovery of Ni and Al through sulphuric acid(3.0-5.5 mol/L)leaching under different operating *** the leaching experiments,it was possible to extract 98.5%of NiO and 40.7%of Al_(2)O_(3)under the conditions of 5.5 mol/L H_(2)SO_(4),reaction time of 4 h,solid-to-liquid ratio 0.2 g/mL,temperature of 358 K,particle size<100μm,200-250 r/min with 5.0 g catalyst *** leached liquor Al was separated by selective crystallization using 1.4 mol/L KOH and Ni was separated by selective precipitation using 0.3 mol/L H_(2)C_(2)O_(4).From the studies,it is possible to recover around 97.9%of NiO having 98.3%purity,around 25%of Al_(2)O_(3)was also recovered as alum-(K)having 99%purity and 14.7%of Al_(2)O_(3)as a salt of Al-K-C_(2)O_(4)-SO_(4).Sulphuric acid was found to be a suitable leaching agent for selective leaching and it was also observed that alum-(K)can be selectively crystallized from sulphate *** study also indicated the effective extraction and recovery of nickel and aluminium which were well supported by characterization studies using TG-DTA/DTG and XRD techniques.

关键词： spent catalyst leaching precipitation crystallization nickel aluminium

Long‑term outcomes of two first‑generation trabecular micro‑bypass stents(iStent)with phacoemulsification in primary open‑angle glaucoma:eight‑year results

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Eye and Vision 2021年第4期8卷 431-442页

作者： Ali Salimi Harrison Watt Paul Harasymowycz department of Ophthalmology Faculty of MedicineMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada Montreal Glaucoma Institute MontrealQCCanada Faculty of Medicine McGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada department of Ophthalmology University of Montreal4135 de RouenMontrealQC H1V1G5Canada

Background:The short-and medium-term outcomes of iStent have been extensively studied;however,only few studies have investigated its long-term ***,we assessed the long-term efficacy and safety of two iStents with concomitant cataract surgery in glaucomatous eyes while also evaluating measures of disease stability using visual field and optical coherence tomography(OCT)of the optic nerve and the macula throughout 8 years of ***:This longitudinal,single-center consecutive case series included glaucomatous eyes that underwent implantation of two first-generation trabecular micro-bypass stents(iStent)with concomitant cataract ***-year efficacy outcomes included mean intraocular pressure(IOP)and medications,as well as surgical ***-year safety outcomes included best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA),visual field mean deviation(VF-MD),cup-todisc ratio(CDR),retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL)thickness,ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer(GC-IPL)thickness,and adverse ***:A total of 62 eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma(POAG)were *** 8 years postoperative,IOP reduced by 26%from 19.2±3.9 mmHg preoperatively to 14.2±2.4 mmHg(P<0.001),91.1%of eyes achieved IOP≤18 mmHg(vs.51.6%preoperatively),69.6%of eyes achieved IOP≤15 mmHg(vs.14.5%preoperatively),and 25%of eyes achieved IOP≤12 mmHg(vs.1.6%preoperatively).Medication use decreased by 17.9%from 2.8±1.1 preoperatively to 2.3±1.2(P=0.018).Surgical success was 90%,as six eyes underwent subsequent glaucoma *** measures of BCVA,CDR,RNFL thickness and GC-IPL thickness remained stable through 8 years ***-MD remained stable until postoperative year 5 and subsequently progressed according to the natural history of glaucomatous ***:Implantation of two iStents with concomitant cataract surgery is an effective and safe treatment option for surgery-naïve POAG eyes,evidenced by significant IOP and medication reductions,reasonable surgical success

关键词： Minimally invasive glaucoma surgery MIGS Trabecular micro-bypass stent iStent Glaucoma Cataract surgery Long-term outcomes

Droplet digital microfluidic system for screening filamentous fungi based on enzymatic activity

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2022年第6期8卷 97-112页

作者： Kenza Samlali Chiara Leal Alves Mara Jezernik Steve C.C.Shih department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Concordia UniversityMontréalQCCanada Centre for Applied Synthetic Biology Concordia UniversityMontréalQCCanada department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry University of TorontoTorontoONCanada department of Biology Concordia UniversityMontréalQCCanada

Fungal cell-wall-degrading enzymes have great utility in the agricultural and food *** cell-wall-degrading enzymes are known to have functions that can help defend against pathogenic *** existing methods used to discover these enzymes are not well adapted to fungi culture and morphology,which prevents the proper evaluation of these *** report the first droplet-based microfluidic method capable of long-term incubation and low-voltage conditions to sort filamentous fungi inside nanoliter-sized *** new method was characterized and validated in solid-phase media based on colloidal chitin such that the incubation of single spores in droplets was possible over multiple days(2–4 days)and could be sorted without droplet *** long-term culture,we examined the activity of cell-wall-degrading enzymes produced by fungi during solid-state droplet fermentation using three highly sensitive fluorescein-based *** also used the low-voltage droplet sorter to select clones with highly active cell-wall-degrading enzymes,such as chitinases,β-glucanases,and β-Nacetylgalactosaminidases,from a filamentous fungi droplet library that had been incubated for>4 *** new system is portable,affordable for any laboratory,and user-friendly compared to classical droplet-based microfluidic *** propose that this system will be useful for the growing number of scientists interested in fungal microbiology who are seeking high-throughput methods to incubate and sort a large library of fungal cells.

关键词： system fluid culture

Thermal Performance Prediction in the Air Gap of a Rotor-Stator Configuration: Effects of Numerical Models

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Journal of Thermal Science 2020年第1期29卷 206-218页

作者： DANG Dinh-Dong PHAM Xuan-Tan NGUYEN Chi-Cong department of Mechanical Engineering École de technologie supérieureMontrealQCCanada Hydro-Québec’s research institute VarennesQCCanada

This study is dedicated to a numerical investigation of convective heat transfer on the rotor surfaces of a rotor-stator configuration that is typically found in large *** computational fluid dynamics calculations with two turbulence modelling approaches are used to predict the flow structure and heat transfer in the air gap of the rotor-stator *** steady state mixing plane approach is employed at the interface to couple the rotor and stator *** show that the location of mixing plane interface in the air gap plays an important role in the prediction of heat transfer on the pole ***,it is indicated that the prediction of temperature distribution on the pole face is greatly affected by the turbulence models ***,through a comparison between the pure convective and conjugate heat transfer methodologies,it is shown that the inclusion of solid domain into the numerical model significantly improves the thermal prediction of the solid components of the machine.

关键词： hydro-generators electrical cooling mixing plane windage loss conjugate heat transfer

Trans-presentation of interleukin-15 by interleukin-15 receptor alpha is dispensable for the pathogenesis of autoimmune type 1 diabetes

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2017年第7期14卷 590-596页

作者： Diwakar Bobbala Marian Mayhue Alfredo Menendez Subburaj Ilangumaran Sheela Ramanathan Immunology Division Department of PediatricsUniversité de SherbrookeSherbrookeQCCanada department of Microbiology Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversité de SherbrookeSherbrookeQCCanada Centre de rechercheclinique Université de SherbrookeSherbrookeQCCanada

Interleukin-15(IL-15)is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that is required for the survival and activation of memory CD8^(+)T cells,natural killer(NK)cells,innate lymphoid cells,macrophages and dendritic ***-15 is implicated in the pathogenesis of various autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis,inflammatory bowel disease,psoriasis and autoimmune type 1 diabetes(T1D).IL-15 receptor(IL-15R)consists of a specificαchain,theβchain that is shared with IL-2R and the commonγ***-15 is unique in the manner in which it binds and signals through its receptor ***-15 that is complexed with IL-15Rαbinds to theβγreceptor complex present on the responding cell to mediate its biological effects through a process referred to as *** trans-presented IL-15 is essential to mediate the biological effects on T lymphocytes and NK *** we show that IL-15,but not IL-15Rα,is required for the development of spontaneous and virus-induced T1D,viral clearance and for antigen cross-presentation to CD8^(+)T *** findings provide insight into the complexities of IL-15 signalling in the initiation and maintenance of CD8^(+)T cell-mediated immune responses.

关键词： cross-presentation IL-15 trans-presentation lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus type 1 diabetes

Recent advances in room temperature phosphorescence of crystalline boron containing organic compounds

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Aggregate 2022年第4期3卷 15-22页

作者： Hannah E.Hackney Dmitrii F.Perepichka department of Chemistry McGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada

In organic compounds,room temperature phosphorescence(RTP)is a rare,yet highly desirable,property that is important for a wide variety of applications,including tissue imaging,anticounterfeiting technologies,photodynamic therapy,and organic light-emitting *** most organic RTP molecules rely on heavy atoms or carbonyl functional groups to accelerate singlet-to-triplet intersystem crossing,in the past few years there have been several reports of RTP induced by boroncontaining functional *** minireview covers the recent literature on RTP of crystalline boroorganic compounds and analyzes the connections between molecular structure,intermolecular interactions,and the resulting phosphorescence.

关键词： luminescence organic crystals organoboron chemistry room temperature phosphorescence

Phase-controlled field-effect micromixing using AC electroosmosis

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2020年第1期6卷 672-682页

作者： Paresa Modarres Maryam Tabrizian Biomedical Engineering department McGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada Faculty of Dentistry McGill University2001 McGill College AveMontrealQCCanada

The exploration and application of electrokinetic techniques in micro total analysis systems have become ubiquitous in recent years,and scientists are expanding the use of such techniques in areas where comparable active or passive methods are not as *** this work,for the first time,we utilize the concept of AC electroosmosis to design a phase-controlled field-effect micromixer that benefits from a three-finger sinusoidally shaped *** to field-effect transistor devices,the principle of operation for the proposed micromixer is governed by the source-gate and source-drain voltage potentials that are modulated by introducing a phase lag between the driving *** an optimized flow rate and biasing scheme,we demonstrate that the source,gate,and drain voltage phase relations can be configured such that the micromixer switches from an unmixed state(phase shift of 0°)to a mixed state(phase shift of 180°).High mixing efficiencies beyond 90%was achieved at a volumetric flow rate of 4µL/min corresponding to~13.9mm/s at optimized voltage excitation ***,we employed the proposed micromixer for the synthesis of nanoscale lipid-based drug delivery vesicles through the process of electrohydrodynamic-mediated *** phase-controlled electrohydrodynamic mixing utilized for the nanoprecipitation technique proved that nanoparticles of improved monodispersity and concentration can be produced when mixing efficiency is enhanced by tuning the phase shifts between electrodes.

关键词： effect mixing mixer