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Optimal Timing of Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation in Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome-Associated Toxoplasmic Encephalitis:A Prospective Observational Multicenter Study in China

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infectious diseases & Immunity 2024年第1期4卷 4-9页

作者： Yao Li Haidong Jiang Yanming Zeng Yanqiu Lu Siyuan Chen Yulin Zhang Zhongsheng Jiang Tongtong Yang Shuiqing Liu Yaokai Chen department of infectious diseases Chongqing Public Health Medical CenterChongqing 400036China Center for infectious diseases Beijing Youan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100069China department of infectious diseases Liuzhou People's HospitalLiuzhou 545006GuangxiChina department of infectious Disease The Public Health Clinical Center of ChengduChengdu 610066SichuanChina department of infectious Disease Guiyang Public Health Clinical CenterGuiyang 550004GuizhouChina

Background:Toxoplasmic encephalitis(TE)is the most frequent cause of expansive brain lesions among patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS).However,the optimal timing of antiretroviral therapy(ART)initiation in these patients remains *** study aims to investigate the differences in outcomes of ART initiation at different times,in order to help clarify the treatment timing of AIDS-associated ***:This multicenter prospective observational study included 87 patients recruited from 11 research centers in China(from March 2019 to December 2022).Of the patients,38 were assigned to the early ART group(initiating ART within 2 weeks after anti-Toxoplasma treatment initiation),and the remaining 49 patients received deferred ART(initiating ART at least 2 weeks after anti-Toxoplasma treatment initiation).The main outcomes includedmortality and emergence of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome(IRIS).Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-1 viral load and CD4^(+)T-cell counts at weeks 24 and 48 were ***:The number of deaths(1 vs.5,P=0.225)and incidence of IRIS(2.6%vs.0,P=0.437)were not significantly different between the early and deferred ART groups at week *** ART initiation did not contribute significantly to HIV-1 viral load control(<50 copies/mL,n=8 vs.n=3 at week 24,P=0.142;n=7 vs.n=7 atweek 48,P=1.000).The median CD4^(+)T-cell counts between the two groups were not significantly different,either at week 24(155 vs.91 cells/mm^(3),P=0.837)or atweek 48(181 vs.146 cells/mm^(3),P=0.219).Conclusion:In patients with AIDS-associated TE,early ART initiation was not significantly different from deferred ART initiation in terms of incidence of mortality,IRIS,and HIV virological and immunological *** registration:This study was registered(registration number:ChiCTR1900021195)as one of 12 clinical trials under the title of a general project at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry(***)on February 1,***

关键词： HIV Toxoplasma gondii Timing of antiretroviral therapy Virological outcome Immunological response

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Lecanemab Unveiled:Exploring Alzheimer’s Treatment Advancements,Assessing Strengths,Limitations,and Its Therapeutic Landscape Position

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2024年第4期37卷 428-431页

作者： VICTOR Abiola Adepoju OKECHUKWU Innocent Onyezue SAFAYET Jamil OLALEKAN John Okesanya DON Eliseo Lucero-Prisno Ⅲ department of HIV and infectious diseases Jhpiegoan affiliate of John Hopkins UniversityAbujaNigeria department of Prevention and Community Directorate APIN Public Health InitiativesAbujaNigeria department of public health Daffodil International UniversityDhaka-1216Bangladesh department of public health and Maritime Transport University of ThessalyVolosGreece department of Global health and Development London School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUnited Kingdom

In the ever-evolving landscape of Alzheimer’s treatment,lecanemab(Leqembi)has emerged as a promising *** conventional therapies that merely alleviate symptoms,lecanemab is a humanized monoclonal antibody with a distinct *** targets protofibrils,insoluble fibrils,amyloid oligomers,and soluble amyloid-beta protofibrils,which are known to be especially damaging to neurons,with high accuracy.

关键词： Alzheimer amyloid Therapeutic

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Epidemic intelligence trinity:Detection,risk assessment,and early warning

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Chinese Medical Journal 2024年第11期137卷 1313-1315页

作者： Ting Zhang Luzhao Feng Shengjie Lai Zhihang Peng Yajia Lan Weizhong Yang department of infectious diseases School of Population Medicine and Public HealthChinese Academy of Medical Science&Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100730China WorldPop School of Geography and Environmental ScienceUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonSO171BJUK department of Epidemiology and health Statistics School of Public HealthNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu 211166China department of Occupational health and Environmental health West China School of Public HealthSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan 610041China

Emerging infectious diseases have been frequently *** occurrence of infectious diseases is highly uncertain because of the unpredictability of pathogen,the complexity of occurrence time and site,and the characteristics of *** detection and immediate implementation of effective interventions within a reasonable time are the keys to preventing pandemics.[1]However,due to the insufficiency of the traditional surveillance and early warning,which relied heavily on passive reporting by healthcare institutions,[2]the early warning time lags behind the risk factor identification,syndrome differentiation(pneumonia of unknown cause),and suspected case confirmation of the infectious disease at the gateway of clustered *** paper aimed to face the challenges mentioned above and propose a universal epidemic intelligence model to establish a novel infectious disease surveillance and early warning system based on the trinity of surveillance and detection,risk assessment,and early warning.

关键词： mentioned warning intelligence

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Plasma Metabonomics of Human Adenovirus-infected Patients with Pneumonia and Upper Respiratory Tract infection

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Current Medical Science 2024年第1期44卷 121-133页

作者： Ting-ting WEI Wen XU Bo TU Wan-xue ZHANG Xin-xin YANG Yiguo ZHOU Shan-shan ZHANG Jun-lian YANG Ming-zhu XIE Juan DU Wei-wei CHEN Qing-bin LU department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijing 100191China department of infectious Disease The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalNational Clinical Research Center for Infectious DiseasesBeijing 100039China department of Laboratorial Science and Technology&Vaccine Research Center School of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijing 100191China department of health Policy and Management School of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijing 100191China Global Center for infectious Disease and Policy Research&Global health and infectious diseases Group Peking UniversityBeijing 100191China Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major diseases(Peking University) Ministry of EducationBeijing 100191China

Objective Human adenovirus(HAdV)infection is common and can develop to serious conditions with high mortality,yet the mechanism of HAdV infection remains *** the present study,the serum metabolite profiles of HAdV-7-infected patients with pneumonia or upper respiratory tract infection(URTI)were *** In total,35 patients were enrolled in the study following an outbreak of HAdV-7 in the army,of whom 14 had pneumonia and 21 had *** samples were collected at the acute stage and at the recovery stage and were analyzed by untargeted *** Over 90% of the differential metabolites identified between the pneumonia patients and URTI patients were lipids and lipid-like molecules,including glycerophospholipids,fatty acyls,and *** metabolic pathways that were significantly enriched were primarily the lipid metabolism pathways,including sphingolipid metabolism,glycerophospholipid metabolism,and linoleic acid *** sphingolipid metabolism was identified as a significantly differential pathway between the pneumonia patients and URTI patients and between the acute and recovery stages for the pneumonia patients,but not between the acute and recovery stages for the URTI *** and lactosylceramide,involved in sphingolipid metabolism,were significantly higher in the pneumonia patients than in the URTI patients with good discrimination abilities[area under curve(AUC)0.742 and 0.716,respectively;combination AUC 0.801].Conclusion Our results suggested that HAdV modulated lipid metabolism for both the patients with URTI and pneumonia,especially the sphingolipid metabolism involving ceramide and lactosylceramide,which might thus be a potential intervention target in the treatment of HAdV infection.

关键词： human adenovirus metabonomic lipids pneumonia upper respiratory tract infection

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Physical activity, long-term fine particulate matter exposure and type 2 diabetes incidence: A prospective cohort study

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Chronic diseases and Translational Medicine 2024年第3期10卷 205-215页

作者： Qian Li Fangchao Liu Keyong Huang Fengchao Liang Chong Shen Jian Liao Jianxin Li Chenxi Yuan Xueli Yang Jie Cao Shufeng Chen Dongsheng Hu Jianfeng Huang Yang Liu Xiangfeng Lu Dongfeng Gu department of Epidemiology Center for Global HealthSchool of Public HealthNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina department of Epidemiology Fuwai HospitalNational Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina School of public health and Emergency Management Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenGuangdongChina Research Units of Cohort Study on Cardiovascular diseases and Cancers Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment Nutrition and Public HealthDepartment of Occupational and Environmental HealthSchool of Public HealthTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina department of Epidemiology and health Statistics College of Public HealthZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina department of Epidemiology and health Statistics School of Public HealthShenzhen University Health Science CenterShenzhenGuangdongChina Gangarosa department of Environmental health Rollins School of Public HealthEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA

Background: Despite the adverse effects of ambient fine particulate matter (PM_(2.5) ) on type 2 diabetes and the beneficial role of physical activity (PA), the influence of PM_(2.5) on the relationship between PA and type 2 diabetes remains ***: In this prospective study with 71,689 participants, PA was assessed by a questionnaire and was categorized into quartiles for volume and three groups for intensity. Long-term PM_(2.5) exposure was calculated using 1-km resolution satellite-based PM_(2.5) estimates. PM_(2.5) exposure and PA's effect on type 2 diabetes were assessed by cohort-stratified Cox proportional hazards models, individually and in ***: In 488,166 person-years of follow-up, 5487 incident type 2 diabetes cases were observed. The association between PA and type 2 diabetes was modified by PM_(2.5) . Compared with the lowest quartile of PA volume, the highest quartile was associated with reduced type 2 diabetes risk in low PM_(2.5) stratification (≤65.02 μg/m^(3)) other than in high PM_(2.5) stratification (>65.02 μg/m^(3)), with the hazard ratio (HR) of 0.75 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.66-0.85) and 1.10 (95% CI: 0.99-1.22), respectively. Similar results were observed for PA intensity. High PM_(2.5) exposure combined with the highest PA levels increased the risk of type 2 diabetes the most (HR= 1.79, 95% CI: 1.59-2.01 for PA volume;HR = 1.82, 95% CI: 1.64-2.02 for PA intensity).Conclusion: PA could reduce type 2 diabetes risk in low-pollution areas, but high PM_(2.5) exposure may weaken or even reverse the protective effects of PA. Safety and health benefits of PA should be thoroughly assessed for long-term polluted residents.

关键词： fine particulate matter physical activity type 2 diabetes

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Genetic Variations and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease:Field Synopsis,Systematic Meta-Analysis,and Epidemiological Evidence

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2024年第7期37卷 762-773页

作者： Yamei Li Xiang Xiao Jie Wang Yixu Liu Xiongfeng Pan Haibin Yu Jiayou Luo Miyang Luo department of Epidemiology and health Statistics School of Public HealthUniversity of South ChinaHengyang 421001HunanChina department of Maternal and Child health Xiangya School of Public HealthCentral South UniversityChangsha 410008HunanChina Supervision and Inspection department of Shanghai healthcare Security Bureau Shanghai 200003China department of Epidemiology and health Statistics Xiangya School of Public HealthCentral South UniversityChangsha 410008HunanChina

Objective To systematically summarize the published literature on the genetic variants associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).Methods Literature from Web of Science,PubMed,and Embase between January 1980 and September 2022 was systematically ***-analyses of the genetic variants were conducted using at least five data *** epidemiologic credibility of the significant associations was graded using the Venice *** Based on literature screening,399 eligible studies were included,comprising 381 candidate gene association,16 genome-wide association,and 2 whole-exome sequencing *** identified 465 genetic variants in 173 genes in candidate gene association studies,and 25 genetic variants in 17 genes were included in the *** meta-analysis identified 11 variants in 10 genes that were significantly associated with NAFLD,with cumulative epidemiological evidence of an association graded as strong for two variants in two genes(HFE,TNF),moderate for four variants in three genes(TM6SF2,GCKR,and ADIPOQ),and weak for five variants in five genes(MBOAT7,PEMT,PNPLA3,LEPR,and MTHFR).Conclusion This study identified six variants in five genes that had moderate to strong evidence of an association with NAFLD,which may help understand the genetic architecture of NAFLD risk.

关键词： Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Genetic association study Genetic variant Systematic review Meta-analysis

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health benefits from the rapid reduction in ambient exposure to air pollutants after China's clean air actions:progress in efficacy and geographic equality

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National Science Review 2024年第2期11卷 103-113页

作者： Tao Xue Ruohan Wang Meng Wang Yanying Wang Dan Tong Xia Meng Conghong Huang Siqi Ai Fangzhou Li Jingyuan Cao Mingkun Tong Xueqiu Ni Hengyi Liu Jianyu Deng Hong Lu Wei Wan Jicheng Gong Shiqiu Zhang Tong Zhu Institute of Reproductive and Child health National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health/Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases(PKU) School of Public Health Peking University Health Science Centre State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Exposure and Health Risk Management and Center for Environment and Health Peking University Advanced Institute of information Technology Peking University department of Epidemiology and Environmental health School of Public Health and Health ProfessionsUniversity at Buffalo State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and EngineeringPeking University department of Earth System Science Tsinghua University School of public health Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of HealthFudan University College of Land Management Nanjing Agricultural University National&Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Rural Land Resources Use and Consolidation Clean Air Asia

Clean air actions （CAAs） in China have been linked to considerable benefits in public ***,whether the beneficial effects of CAAs are equally distributed geographically is *** high-resolution maps of the distributions of major air pollutants (fine particulate matter[PM2.5]and ozone[O3]) and population,we aimed to track spatiotemporal changes in health impacts from,and geographic inequality embedded in,the reduced exposures to PM2.5and O3from 2013 to *** used a method established by the Global Burden of diseases *** analyzing the changes in loss of life expectancy（LLE） attributable to PM2.5and O3,we calculated the gain of life expectancy （GLE） to quantify the health benefits of the air-quality ***,we assessed the geographic inequality embedded in the GLE using the Gini index （GI）.Based on risk assessments of PM2.5and O3,during the first stage of CAAs（2013 to 2017）,the mean GLE was 1.87 *** of the sum of the GLE was disproportionally distributed in about one quarter of the population exposed （GI 0.44）.During the second stage of CAAs（2017 to 2020）,the mean GLE increased to 3.94 months and geographic inequality decreased （GI 0.18）.According to our assessments,CAAs were enhanced,from the first to second stages,in terms of not only preventing premature mortality but also ameliorating health *** enhancements were related to increased sensitivity to the health effects of air pollution and synergic control of PM2.5and *** findings will contribute to optimizing future CAAs.

关键词： clean air action public health inequality fine particulate matter ozone

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The Uptake and Distribution Evidence of Nano-and Microplastics in vivo after a Single High Dose of Oral Exposure

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2024年第1期37卷 31-41页

作者： HONG Tao SUN Wei DENG Yuan LYU Jian Da JIN Cui Hong BAI Ying Long NA Jun ZHANG Rui GAO Yuan PAN Guo Wei YANG Zuo Sen YAN Ling Jun Research Center for Universal health School of Public HealthChina Medical UniversityShenyang 110122LiaoningChina department of Pain Management Shengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyang 110004LiaoningChina department of Toxicology School of Public HealthChina Medical UniversityShenyang 110122LiaoningChina department of Maternal and Child health School of Public HealthChina Medical UniversityShenyang 110122LiaoningChina Institute of Preventive Medicine China Medical UniversityShenyang 110122LiaoningChina Institute of Chronic diseases Liaoning Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionShenyang 110000LiaoningChina

Objective Tissue uptake and distribution of nano-/microplastics was studied at a single high dose by gavage in *** Fluorescent microspheres(100 nm,3μm,and 10μm)were given once at a dose of 200 mg/(kg∙body weight).The fluorescence intensity(FI)in observed organs was measured using the IVIS Spectrum at 0.5,1,2,and 4 h after *** was performed to corroborate these *** In the 100 nm group,the FI of the stomach and small intestine were highest at 0.5 h,and the FI of the large intestine,excrement,lung,kidney,liver,and skeletal muscles were highest at 4 h compared with the control group(P<0.05).In the 3μm group,the FI only increased in the lung at 2 h(P<0.05).In the 10μm group,the FI increased in the large intestine and excrement at 2 h,and in the kidney at 4 h(P<0.05).The presence of nano-/microplastics in tissues was further verified by *** peak time of nanoplastic absorption in blood was *** Nanoplastics translocated rapidly to observed organs/tissues through blood circulation;however,only small amounts of MPs could penetrate the organs.

关键词： Microplastics Nanoplastics IVIS Spectrum small-animal imaging system Tissue distribution Blood

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Application of ultrasonography-elastography score to suspect porto-sinusoidal vascular disease in patients with portal vein thrombosis

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic diseases International 2024年第1期23卷 20-24页

作者： Stefania Gioia Adriano De Santis Giulia d’Amati Silvia Nardelli Alessandra Spagnoli Arianna Di Rocco Lorenzo Ridola Oliviero Riggio department of Translational and Precision Medicine Sapienza University of RomeRomeItaly department of Radiological Oncologicaland Pathological SciencesSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly department of public health and infectious diseases Sapienza University of RomeRomeItaly

Background:Porto-sinusoidal vascular disease(PSVD)and portal vein thrombosis(PVT)are causes of portal hypertension characterized respectively by an intrahepatic and a pre-hepatic obstacle to the flow in the portal *** PVT may be a consequence of PSVD,in PVT patients at presentation,a pre-existing PSVD should be *** these patients the identification of an underlying PSVD would have relevant implication regarding follow-up and therapeutic management,but it could be *** this setting ultrasonography may be valuable in differential *** aim of the study was to use ultrasonography to identify parameters to discriminate between PSVD and“pure”PVT and then to suspect PVT secondary to a pre-existing ***:Fifty-three patients with histologically proven PSVD and forty-eight patients affected by chronic PVT were enrolled and submitted to abdominal ultrasonography with elastography by acoustic radiation force impulse(ARFI).Results:ARFI was higher and superior mesenteric vein(SMV)diameter was wider in PSVD patients than in PVT ***,a prognostic score was obtained as linear combinations of the two parameters with a good discrimination capacity between PSVD and PVT(the area under the curve=0.780;95%confidence interval:0.690-0.869).Conclusions:A score based on ARFI and SMV diameter may be useful to suspect an underlying PSVD in patients with PVT and to identify a subgroup of patients to be submitted to liver biopsy.

关键词： Non-cirrhotic portal hypertension Porto-sinusoidal vascular disease Chronic portal vein thrombosis Liver stiffness Portal hypertension Acoustic radiation force impulse

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Changes in muscle strength and risk of cardiovascular disease among middle-aged and older adults in China:Evidence from a prospective cohort study

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Chinese Medical Journal 2024年第11期137卷 1343-1350页

作者： Ze Yang Jiemin Wei Hongbo Liu Honglu Zhang Ruifang Liu Naijun Tang Xueli Yang department of Occupational and Environmental health School of Public HealthTianjin Medical UniversityTianjin 300070China Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment Nutrition and Public HealthTianjin Medical UniversityTianjin 300070China Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment Nutrition and Public HealthTianjin 300070China

Background:Evidence indicates that low muscle strength is associated with an increased cardiovascular diseases(CVDs)***,the association between muscle strength changes based on repeated measurements and CVD incidence remains ***:The study used data from the China health and Retirement Longitudinal Study in 2011(Wave 1),2013(Wave 2),2015(Wave 3),and 2018(Wave 4).Low muscle strength was defined as handgrip strength<28 kg for men or<18 kg for women,or chair-rising time≥12 *** on changes in muscle strength from Waves 1 to 2,participants were categorized into four groups of Normal-Normal,Low-Normal,Normal-Low,and *** events,including heart disease and stroke,were recorded using a self-reported questionnaire during Waves 3 and 4 *** proportional hazards models were used to investigate the association between muscle strength changes and CVD incidence after multivariable *** ratios(HRs)and 95%confidence intervals(95%CIs)were estimated with the Normal-Normal group as the ***:A total of 1164 CVD cases were identified among 6608 *** to participants with sustained normal muscle strength,the CVD risks increased progressively across groups of the Low-Normal(HR=1.20,95%CI:1.01-1.43),the Normal-Low(HR=1.35,95%CI:1.14-1.60),and the Low-Low(HR=1.76,95%CI:1.49-2.07).Similar patterns were observed for the significant associations between muscle strength status and the incidence risks of heart disease and *** analyses showed that the significant associations between CVD and muscle strength changes were consistent across age,sex,and body mass index(BMI)***:The study found that muscle strength changes were associated with CVD *** suggests that continuous tracking of muscle status may be helpful in screening cardiovascular risk.

关键词： Muscle strength Cardiovascular disease Prospective cohort study Aging Body mass index Sarcopenia

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