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中国脑计划:从基础到临床

Science Bulletin 2023年第5期68卷 444-447页

作者：刘晓星高腾陆唐胜鲍彦平 Gunter Schumann 陆林 Peking University Sixth Hospital Peking University Institute of Mental HealthNHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health(Peking University)National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders(Peking University Sixth Hospital)Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research UnitPeking UniversityBeijing 100191China National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key laboratory of Drug Dependence Peking UniversityBeijing 100191China School of Public Health Peking UniversityBeijing 100191China Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine(PONS) Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired IntelligenceFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China PONS Centre Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyCampus Charite Mitte(CCM)Charite Universitaetsmedizin BerlinBerlin 10117Germany Peking-tsinghua Centre for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for brain Research Peking UniversityBeijing 100081China

The complexity of the brain has attracted scientists from all over the *** effort has been paid to explore the mechanisms from genetics to molecules,from cells to circuits,and from Caenorhabditis elegans to *** research contributes to the development of new technologies,especially artificial intelligence(AI).According to the International Data Corporation,the global revenue of the AI market is expected to exceed$500 billion by 2023 and$900 billion by 2026,highlighting the great importance of brain research for social progress.

关键词： revenue intelligence artificial

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How early language experience shapes the language-ready brain function and anatomy

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How early language experience shapes the language-ready brai...

Distributed neural activities during multi-object working memory

第六届心理健康学术年会

作者： Yanyan Li Danling Peng Guosheng Ding Liang Wang CAS Key laboratory of Mental Health Institute of Psychology Beijing 100101 China department of psychology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for brain Research Beijing Normal University CAS Key laboratory of Mental Health Institute of Psychology CAS Center for Excellence in brain Science and intelligence Technology (CEBSIT)

One of the most important but challenging questions in neuroscience is how early language experience affects the language-ready brain function and anatomy, i.e., the development of dorsal and ventral streams in the left-hemisphere language network, as spoken language is ubiquitous in the environment of hearing infants. Congenitally profoundly deaf children born into hearing parents often do not receive functional language input until they receive special services or interact with other deaf individuals who use sign language. This presents a unique opportunity to explore how early language experience changes the language-ready brains becoming language-using brains. Here we recruited and compared functional and structural brain data from the following three groups:(1)congenitally profoundly deaf adults(n=31) with rare early sign language experience(congenitally deaf non-native signers, CDNN);(2) congenitally profoundly deaf adults(n=29) who were native signers of Chinese Sign Language(congenitally deaf native signers, CDN);(3) hearing speakers(HS)(n=31). Without early language input, compared with CDN and HS, CDNN has changed functional connectivity strength(FCS), that is, decreased FCS in left inferior frontal gyrus(Broca’s area) but increased FCS in left angular gyrus(Geschwind’sarea), in the dorsal pathway, but not in the ventral pathway. Furthermore, when performing a passive sign language comprehension task, CDNN also activated less in dorsal part of left inferior frontal gyrus compared with CDN and HS. More important, CDN showed similar FCS and activation pattern as HS, suggesting general modality-independence of the core language network plasticity in the dorsal pathway might be affected purely by early language experience. We further find the part of superior longitudinal/arcuate fasciculus(SLF/AF) in posterior superior temporal gyrus(Wernicke’s area)showed significantly enhanced fractional anisotropy(FA) in CDNN compared to CDN and HS,providing a possible str

关键词： Broca’s area Wernicke’s area Geschwind’s area language dorsal and ventral pathways sensitive period

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Distributed neural activities during multi-object working me...

Resting-state electroencephalography theta predicts neurofeedback treatment 4-month follow-up response in nicotine addiction

中国神经科学学会第十二届全国学术会议

作者： Ya-Li PAN Wen-Jing ZHOU Yun-Lin LI Lian-Kun REN Liang WANG CAS Key laboratory of Mental Health Institute of Psychology department of psychology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Epilepsy Center of Yuquan Hospital Tsinghua University Capital Institute of Pediatrics Beijing Institute of Functional Neurosurgery Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University CAS Center for Excellence in brain Science and intelligence Technology

Objective: Working memory（WM） is responsible for temporarily holding information available for processing. However, it is still unclear how the brain represents multiple objects presented simultaneously. The current study is to explore the underlying neural mechanisms of maintaining visual objects. Methods: We developed a novel visuospatial delayed match to sample task with three types of memory load, while controlling the effect of perceptual load. Scalp EEG and intracranial EEG recorded from refractory epileptic patients were used to investigate maintenance-related neural activity. Results: Behavior performance deteriorated severely with increasing memory load. The memory capacity estimated by Cowan’s K value first increased and then saturated at the load of 2, which was in consistence with the view that visual working memory was severely limited. Event related potentials（ERPs） analysis validated the effectiveness of controlling perceptual load. No load effect was observed during the first 320 ms perceptual period after sample onset, which contained the evoked response components P1 and N1. For the recorded local field potentials（LFPs）, time-frequency decomposition was performed for each channel. We found that high-gamma activation increased mainly in frontal, parietal and lateral occipital cortex, indicating a distributed working memory circuit. Moreover, high-gamma activity did not increase monotonically with memory load increasing, implying a sensible neural basis of the limited memory capacity. In addition, compared with baseline activity, there were significantly increased neural activities during the delay period, even though cognitive load exceeded the capacity（i.e. at the load 4）. Conclusion: this study may provide neural evidence for resource model of working memory, rather than the classical slot model.

关键词： Working memory capacity intracranial EEG high gamma resource model

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General Psychiatry 2023年第4期36卷 303-311页

作者： Qiujian Meng Ying Zhu Ye Yuan Li Yang Jiafang Liu Xiaochu Zhang Junjie Bu department of Intelligent Medical Engineering School of Biomedical EngineeringAnhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhuiChina department of psychology School of Mental Health and Psychological SciencesAnhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhuiChina department of psychology School of Humanities&Social ScienceUniversity of Science&Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhuiChina department of Radiology the First Affiliated Hospital of USTCHefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life ScienceDivision of Life Science and MedicineUniversity of Science&Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhuiChina Application Technology Center of Physical Therapy to brain Disorders Institute of Advanced TechnologyUniversity of Science&Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhuiChina Institute of Health and Medicine Hefei Comprehensive Science CenterHefeiAnhuiChina

Background The high rate of long-term relapse is a major cause of smoking cessation ***,neurofeedback training has been widely used in the treatment of nicotine addiction;however,approximately 30%of subjects fail to benefit from this *** previous randomised clinical trial(RCT)examined cognition-guided neurofeedback and demonstrated a significant decrease in daily cigarette consumption at the 4-month ***,significant individual differences were observed in the 4-month follow-up effects of decreased cigarette ***,it is critical to identify who will benefit from *** We examined whether the resting-state electroencephalography(EEG)characteristics from pre-neurofeedback predicted the 4-month follow-up effects and explored the possible *** This was a double-blind RCT.A total of 60 participants with nicotine dependence were randomly assigned to either the real-feedback or yoked-feedback *** underwent 6 min closed-eye resting EEG recordings both before and after two neurofeedback sessions.A follow-up assessment was conducted after 4 *** The frontal resting-state theta power spectral density(PSD)was significantly altered in the real-feedback group after two neurofeedback *** theta PSD in the real-feedback group before neurofeedback was the only predictor of decreased cigarette consumption at the 4-month *** reliability analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between theta PSD pre-neurofeedback and post-neurofeedback.A leave-one-out cross-validated linear regression of the theta PSD pre-neurofeedback demonstrated a significant correlation between the predicted and observed reductions in cigarette consumption at the 4-month ***,source analysis revealed that the brain mechanisms of the theta PSD predictor were located in the orbital frontal *** Our study demonstrated changes in the resting-state theta PSD

关键词： nicotine addiction treatment

Artificial intelligence-assisted niacin skin flush screening in early psychosis identification and prediction

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General Psychiatry 2022年第2期35卷 76-78页

作者： Tao Chen Haichun Liu Renfang Tian Ranpiao Gan Wenzuo Xu Tianhong Zhang Jijun Wang department of Economics University of WaterlooWaterlooOntarioCanada Depatment of Statistics and Actuarial Science(Cross Appointed) University of Waterloo WaterlooOntarioCanada Big Data Research Lab Universty of WaterlooWaterlooOntarioCanada Shanghai Niacin Tech Co. LtdShanghal China Labor and Worklife Program Harvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA department of Automation Shanghai Jao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina Ningbo Artificial Intelligent Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityNingboChina School of Management Economicsand MathematicsKing's University CollegeLondon0ntarioCanada Shanghai Intelligent Psychological Evaluaton and Intervention Engineering Technology Research Center Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic DisordersShanghai Mental Health CenterShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina Bio-X Institutes Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders(Ministry of Education)ShanghaiChina CAS Center for Excellence in brain Science and intelligence Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina Institute of psychology and Behavioral Science Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversiyShanghaiChina

Schizophrenia is a devastating mental disorder affecting 20 million people *** diagnosis is crucial for disease management and improvement in prognosis,and diagnostic biomarkerscan serveasobjective indicators for the early screening of the *** on the observation of diminished flush responses to niacin in patients with schizophrenia Horrobin proposed anoninvasive niacin skin flush screening for schizophrenia.

关键词： diagnosis prognosis prediction

Mechanistic roles of the subthalamic nucleus and internal globus pallidus:evidence from local field potentials and deep brain stimulation

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Journal of Translational Neuroscience 2018年第4期3卷 1-14页

作者： Minghong Su Zheng Ye Institute of psychology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China department of psychology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Institute of Neuroscience Key Laboratory Primate Neurobiology CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200031 China

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has become an effective therapeutic option for neurological and psychiatric disorders such as Parkinson’s disease (PD), dystonia, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. The subthalamic nucleus (STN) and internal globus pallidus (GPi) are by far the most commonly used targets for DBS in the treatment of PD. However, STN/GPi stimulation sometimes causes side effects, including motor fluctuations, cognitive declines, and worse emotional experience, which affect patients’ postoperative quality of life. Recent invasive electrophysiological studies are driven by the desire to better understand the mechanisms of therapeutic actions and side effects of STN/GPi stimulation. These studies investigated the function of the STN and GPi in motor, cognitive and affective processes by recording single- neuron firing patterns during the surgery or local field potentials after the surgery. Here we review the relevant studies to provide an integrative picture of the functional roles of the STN and GPi within the basal ganglia loops for motor, cognition, and emotion. Previous studies suggested that STN and GPi gamma oscillations encode the strength and speed of voluntary movements (execution), whereas beta oscillations reflect the effort and demand of potential movements (preparation). In the cognitive domain, oscillatory beta activity in the STN is involved when people have to stop an inappropriate action or to suppress salient but task-irrelevant information, whereas theta/delta activity is associated with the adjustment of decision thresholds and cost-benefit trade-off. In the affective domain, STN activity in the alpha band may represent the valence and arousal of emotional information.

关键词： subthalamic nucleus (STN) internal globus pallidus (GPi) prefrontal cortex neuronal oscillations local field potentials (LFP) deep brain stimulation (DBS)

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自适应量子储层计算与多任务学习（英文）

Science Bulletin 2023年第20期 2321-2329页

作者：夏威邹杰邱型泽陈锋朱兵李春贺邓东灵李晓鹏 State Key laboratory of Surface Physics Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (MOE) and Department of Physics Fudan University School of Physics Science and Engineering Tongji University Institute of Science and Technology for brain-Inspired intelligence Fudan University Hong Kong and Shang Hai Banking Corporation laboratory Hong Kong and Shang Hai Banking Corporation Holdings PLC 5. Shanghai Center for Mathematical Sciences and School of Mathematical Sciences Fudan University Center for Quantum Information IIIS Tsinghua University Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute AI Tower 8. Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences

随着实验技术的快速发展,含噪声的中等规模量子(NISQ)设备的可编程性越来越高,人们能够更好地利用量子计算的优势.本文利用可编程的NISQ设备的复杂动力学来进行量子储层计算,并通过使用遗传算法来优化该过程.令人惊讶的是,单个自适应量...

随着实验技术的快速发展,含噪声的中等规模量子(NISQ)设备的可编程性越来越高,人们能够更好地利用量子计算的优势.本文利用可编程的NISQ设备的复杂动力学来进行量子储层计算,并通过使用遗传算法来优化该过程.令人惊讶的是,单个自适应量子储层可以同时学习多个任务,包括振荡型基因网络、混沌型基因网络和分数阶蔡氏电路.通过自适应量子储层计算,这些任务的学习性能得到了显著提升,远远超过了经典储层计算的表现.此外,本文还将自适应量子储层计算应用于外汇市场,相较于经典储层计算,它能更准确地捕捉汇率的随机演化.通过与经典储层计算的比较,本文突出了量子相干性在量子储层计算中的重要性,并验证了量子相干性是实现卓越学习性能的关键.研究结果表明,自适应量子储层计算能够充分发挥NISQ设备的量子计算能力,并在通用人工智能的发展方面具有巨大潜力.

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Flexible and biocompatible nanopaper-based electrode arrays for neural activity recording

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Nano Research 2018年第10期11卷 5604-5614页

作者： Yichuan Guo Zhiqiang Fang Mingde Du Long Yang Leihou Shao Xiaorui Zhang Li Li Jidong Shi Jinsong Tao Jinfen Wang Hongbian Li Ying Fang CAS Key laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomatefials and Nanosafety CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China State Key laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China department of Neurobiology David Geffen School of Medicine University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90095 USA CAS Center for Excellence in brain Science and intelligence Technology 320 Yue Yang Road Shanghai 200031 China

Advances in neural electrode technologies can have a significant impact on both fundamental and applied neuroscience. Here, we report the development of flexible and biocompatible neural electrode arrays based on a nanopaper substrate. Nanopaper has important advantages with respect to polymers such as hydrophilicity and water wettability, which result in significantly enhanced biocompatibility, as confirmed by both in vitro viability assays and in vivo histological analysis. In addition, nanopaper exhibits high flexibility and good shape stability. Hence, nanopaper-based neural electrode arrays can conform to the convoluted cortical surface of a rat brain and allow stable multisite recording of epileptiform activity in vivo. Our results show that nanopaper-based electrode arrays represent promising candidates for the flexible and biocompatible recording of the neural activity.

关键词： nanopaper neural electrode biocompatibility flexible epilepsy

Parkin promotes proteasomal degradation of p62： implication of selective vulnerability of neuronal cells in the pathogenesis of Parkinson＇s disease

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Protein & Cell 2016年第2期7卷 114-129页

作者： Pingping Song Shanshan Li Hao Wu Ruize Gao Guanhua Rao Dongmei Wang Ziheng Chen Biao Ma Hongxia Wang Nan Sui Haiteng Deng Zhuohua Zhang Tieshan Tang Zheng Tan Zehan Han Tieyuan Lu Yushan Zhu Quan Chen State Key laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science College of Life SciencesNankai University Tianjin 300071 China State Key laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101 China Institute of psychology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China College of Life Sciences Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China State Key laboratory of Medical Genetics Xiangya Medical School Central South University Changsha 410078 China department of Health and Sports Science Tianjin University of Sport Tianjin 300381 China

Mutations or inactivation of parkin, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, are associated with familial form or sporadic Parkinson＇s disease （PD）, respectively, which manifested with the selective vulnerability of neuronal ceils in substantia nigra （SN） and striatum （STR） regions. However, the underlying molecular mechanism linking parkin with the etiology of PD remains elusive. Here we report that p62, a critical regulator for protein quality control, inclusion body formation, selective autophagy and diverse signaling pathways, is a new substrate of parkin. P62 levels were increased in the SN and STR regions, but not in other brain regions in parkin knockout mice. Parkin directly interacts with and ubiquitinates p62 at the K13 to promote proteasomal degradation of p62 even in the absence of ATG5. Pathogenic mutations, knockdown of parkin or mutation of p62 at K13 prevented the degradation of p62. We further showed that parkin deficiency mice have pronounced loss of tyrosine hydroxylase positive neurons and have worse performance in motor test when treated with 6-hydroxydopamine hydrochloride in aged mice. These results suggest that, in addition to their critical role in regulating autophagy, p62 are subjected to parkin mediated proteasomal degradation and implicate that the dysregulation of parkin/p62 axis may involve in the selective vulnerability of neuronal cells during the onset of PD pathogenesis.

关键词： parkin sequestosome1/p62 ubiquitin,substantia nigra

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