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Activation of cerebral Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate(Rac) 1 promotes post-ischemic stroke functional recovery in aged mice

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第4期19卷 881-886页

作者： Fan Bu Jia-Wei Min Md Abdur Razzaque Ahmad El Hamamy Anthony Patrizz Li Qi Akihiko Urayama Jun Li department of Neurology University of Texas Health Science Center department of Neurology&psychology The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine

Brain functional impairment after stroke is common;however,the molecular mechanisms of post-stroke recovery remain *** is well-recognized that age is the most important independent predictor of poor outcomes after stroke as older patients show poorer functional outcomes following *** evidence suggests that axonal regeneration and angiogenesis,the major forms of brain plasticity responsible for post-stroke recovery,diminished with advanced *** studies suggest that Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate(Rac)1 enhances stroke recovery as activation of Rac1 improved behavior recovery in a young mice stroke ***,we investigated the role of Rac1 signaling in long-term functional recovery and brain plasticity in an aged(male,18 to 22 months old C57BL/6J)brain after ischemic *** found that as mice aged,Rac1 expression declined in the *** overexpression of Rac1,using lentivirus encoding Rac1 injected day 1 after ischemic stroke,promoted cognitive(assessed using novel object recognition test)and sensorimotor(assessed using adhesive removal tests)recovery on days 14–*** was accompanied by the increase of neurite and proliferative endothelial cells in the periinfarct zone assessed by *** a reverse approach,pharmacological inhibition of Rac1 by intraperitoneal injection of Rac1 inhibitor NSC23766 for 14 successive days after ischemic stroke worsened the outcome with the reduction of neurite and proliferative endothelial ***,Rac1 inhibition reduced the activation of p21-activated kinase 1,the protein level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor,and increased the protein level of glial fibrillary acidic protein in the ischemic brain on day 28 after *** work provided insight into the mechanisms behind the diminished plasticity after cerebral ischemia in aged brains and identified Rac1 as a potential therapeutic target for improving functional recovery in the older adults after stroke.

关键词： aging angiogenesis brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) cerebral ischemia cognitive recovery neurite Pak1 Rac1 sensorimotor recovery

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Coping Strategies and Depression among Male Inmates of a Nigerian Correctional Facility:A Cross-sectional Study

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Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine 2024年第2期10卷 92-98页

作者： Alexander Adam Audu Chidi John Okafor Owoidoho Udofia Emmanuel Aniekan Essien Bassey Eyo Edet Emmanuel Omamurhomu Olose department of clinical Services Federal Neuropsychiatric HospitalCalabarNigeria department of psychiatry University of Calabar Teaching HospitalCalabarNigeria

Background:Researchers have consistently found higher rates of mental illnesses,especially depression,in prison populations compared to the general *** though specific coping strategies have been implicated as a factor influencing the mental well-being of inmates,little is known about this interplay in resource-poor *** study aimed to investigate the relationship between coping strategies and depression among inmates of a prison in *** and Methods:This was a two-stage cross-sectional study involving 269 inmates of Calabar Prison,*** were administered a sociodemographic questionnaire,the Coping Strategies Inventory-Short Form,and the General Health Questionnaire-12(GHQ-12).Respondents who scored≥3 on the GHQ-12 together with 10%of low scorers proceeded to the second stage for an interview using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric ***:The prevalence of depression among study participants was 30.5%.Emotion-focused disengagement coping strategies(odds ratio[OR]:1.12,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.05-1.20)and a history of mental illness before imprisonment(OR:3.4,95%CI:1.34-8.57)significantly predicted depression,whereas problem-focused engagement was protective(OR:1.92,95%CI:0.86-0.98).Conclusion:Compared to the general population,depression is more common among prison inmates and is associated with using specific coping *** strategies deserve increasing consideration when planning mental health intervention programs for this population.

关键词： Coping strategies depression inmates mental illness prison

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Event segmentation in ADHD:neglect of social information and deviant theta activity point to a mechanism underlying ADHD

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General psychiatry 2024年第3期37卷 431-439页

作者： Astrid Prochnow Xianzhen Zhou Foroogh Ghorbani Veit Roessner Bernhard Hommel Christian Beste Cognitive Neurophysiology Department of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryFaculty of MedicineTU DresdenDresdenGermany Faculty of psychology Shandong Normal UniversityJinanShandongChina

Background Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)is one of the most frequently diagnosed psychiatric conditions in children and *** the symptoms appear to be well described,no coherent conceptual mechanistic framework integrates their occurrence and variance and the associated problems that people with ADHD *** The current study proposes that altered event segmentation processes provide a novel mechanistic framework for understanding deficits in *** Adolescents with ADHD and neurotypically developing(NT)peers watched a short movie and were then asked to indicate the boundaries between meaningful segments of the *** recorded electroencephalography(EEG)data were analysed for differences in frequency band activity and effective connectivity between brain *** Compared with their NT peers,the ADHD group showed less dependence of their segmentation behaviour on social information,indicating that they did not consider social information to the same extent as their unaffected *** divergence was accompanied by differences in EEG theta band activity and a different effective connectivity network architecture at the source ***,NT adolescents primarily showed error signalling in and between the left and right fusiform gyri related to social information processing,which was not the case in the ADHD *** the ADHD group,the inferior frontal cortex associated with attentional sampling served as a hub instead,indicating problems in the deployment of attentional *** This study shows that adolescents with ADHD perceive events differently from their NT peers,in association with a different brain network architecture that reflects less adaptation to the situation and problems in attentional sampling of environmental *** results call for a novel conceptual view of ADHD,based on event segmentation theory.

关键词： instead meaningful primarily

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Stroke depression:a concept with clinical applicability

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2024年第3期9卷 189-193页

作者： Jun Mu Arun V Ravindran Pim Cuijpers Yiqing Shen Wensong Yang Qi Li Xinyu Zhou Peng Xie department of Neurology The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina Campbell Family Mental Health Research Centre Centre for Addiction and Mental HealthDepartment of PsychiatryUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada department of clinical Neuro and Developmental PsychologyAmsterdam Public Health research instituteVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina department of psychiatry The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina

Stroke is a common neurological condition and among the leading causes of death and disability *** is both a risk factor for and complication of stroke,and the two conditions may have a complex reciprocal relationship over ***,the secondary effects of depression on stroke are often overlooked,resulting in increased morbidity and *** the previous concept of‘poststroke depression’,stroke and depression were considered as two independent *** often delays the diagnosis and treatment of *** concept‘stroke depression’proposed in this article will emphasise more the necessity of aggressive treatment of depression in the overall management of stroke,thus to reduce the incidence of stroke and in the meantime,improve the prognosis of ***,it will lead us into a new era of acute stroke intervention.

关键词： diagnosis mortality acute

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Type-B monoamine oxidase inhibitors in neurological diseases:clinical applications based on preclinical findings

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第1期19卷 16-21页

作者： Marika Alborghetti Edoardo Bianchini Lanfranco De Carolis Silvia Galli Francesco E.Pontieri Domiziana Rinaldi Neurology Unit NESMOS DepartmentFaculty of Medicine&PsychologySapienza-University of RomeSant’Andrea University HospitalRomeItaly department of clinical and Behavioral Neurology IRCCS-Fondazione Santa LuciaRomeItaly

Type-B monoamine oxidase inhibitors,encompassing selegiline,rasagiline,and safinamide,are available to treat Parkinson's *** drugs ameliorate motor symptoms and improve motor fluctuation in the advanced stages of the *** is also evidence suppo rting the benefit of type-B monoamine oxidase inhibitors on non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease,such as mood deflection,cognitive impairment,sleep disturbances,and *** studies indicate that type-B monoamine oxidase inhibitors hold a strong neuroprotective potential in Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases for reducing oxidative stress and stimulating the production and release of neurotrophic factors,particularly glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor,which suppo rt dopaminergic ***,safinamide may interfere with neurodegenerative mechanisms,countera cting excessive glutamate overdrive in basal ganglia motor circuit and reducing death from *** to the dual mechanism of action,the new generation of type-B monoamine oxidase inhibitors,including safinamide,is gaining interest in other neurological pathologies,and many supporting preclinical studies are now *** potential fields of application concern epilepsy,Duchenne muscular dystrophy,multiple scle rosis,and above all,ischemic brain *** purpose of this review is to investigate the preclinical and clinical pharmacology of selegiline,rasagiline,and safinamide in Parkinson's disease and beyond,focusing on possible future therapeutic applications.

关键词： glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor(GDNF) glutamate neurological disorders neuroprotection Parkinson's disease preclinical studies rasagiline safinamide selegiline type-B monoamine oxidase(MAO_(B))inhibitors

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Molecular biomarkers for vascular cognitive impairment and dementia:the current status and directions for the future

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第12期19卷 2579-2580页

作者： Satoshi Hosoki Perminder SSachdev Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental HealthSchool of Clinical MedicineFaculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of New South WalesSydneyAustralia department of Neurology National Cerebral and Cardiovascular CenterOsakaJapan

Dementia is a syndrome with various underlying pathologies acting independently or in concert to cause cognitive *** development of disease-specific treatments and targeted prevention strategies requires precise clinical sub-typing via etiology and pathophysiological ***,recent research advances in biomarkers,especially for Alzheimer's disease(AD)diagnosis,have improved diagnostic precision for dementia.

关键词： prevention diagnosis impairment

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Predictors of the placebo response in a nutraceutical randomized controlled trial for depression

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2024年第1期22卷 46-53页

作者： Rosemary Arnold Jenifer Murphy-Smith Chee H.Ng David Mischoulon Gerard J.Byrne Chad A.Bousman Con Stough Michael Berk Jerome Sarris Professorial Unit the Melbourne ClinicDepartment of PsychiatryUniversity of MelbourneRichmond 3121Australia Depression clinical and Research Program Department of PsychiatryMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02115USA Faculty of Medicine Discipline of PsychiatryCentre for Clinical ResearchRoyal Brisbane&Women’s HospitalHerstonthe University of QueenslandBrisbane 4006Australia departments of Medical Genetics PsychiatryPhysiology&Pharmacology and Community Health SciencesUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAB T2N 1N4Canada department of psychiatry the University of MelbourneMelbourne 3052Australia Centre for Human Psychopharmacology Swinburne UniversityMelbourne 3122Australia The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and clinical Translation School of MedicineBarwon HealthDeakin UniversityGeelong 3220Australia The Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health the University of MelbourneParkville 3052Australia Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health the University of MelbourneParkville 3052Australia NICM Health Research Institute Western Sydney UniversityWestmeadNSW 2145Australia

Objective The placebo response in depression studies is the change in symptoms amongst those who receive an inactive *** well-designed randomized controlled trials(RCTs)of depression have a high proportion of placebo responders,with little understanding as to *** present study assesses characteristics associated with the placebo response in a nutraceutical trial with a large proportion of placebo *** This is a secondary analysis of a nutraceutical depression RCT which identified no overall treatment benefit relative to placebo(n=69 in placebo group).We investigated participant characteristics such as socio-demographics,clinical features,and recruitment methods,and their association with the placebo *** genetic polymorphisms were also *** response was measured based on change in Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale *** association of these hypothesis-driven variables of interest and the placebo response was examined using linear mixed effects *** Greater levels of education,particularly pursuing post-high school education,better self-reported general health,marriage/de facto,greater improvement in the first trial week,and more failed antidepressant therapies in the current depressive episode were associated with greater placebo *** increased placebo response was not found in those recruited via social media nor in those with concomitant antidepressant *** nucleotide polymorphisms from the tryptophan hydroxylase 1(TPH1)gene(A779C and A218C)were weakly associated with greater placebo response,although the evidence was attenuated after accounting for multiple *** This is,to our knowledge,the first study within nutraceutical research for depression to assess the association between participant characteristics and variation in the placebo *** variables appeared to predict the placebo *** findings may encourage future trial design

关键词： Randomized controlled trial Placebo Depression Nutraceutical psychiatry

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Outcomes of long-acting injectable antipsychotics use in pregnancy:A literature review

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World Journal of psychiatry 2024年第4期14卷 582-599页

作者： Ana V Pejčić Srdjan M Stefanović MilošN Milosavljević Vladimir S Janjić Marko M Folić Nevena D Folić Jovana Z Milosavljević department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Medical SciencesUniversity of KragujevacKragujevac 34000Serbia department of Pharmacy Faculty of Medical SciencesUniversity of KragujevacKragujevac 34000Serbia department of clinical Pharmacology University Clinical Center KragujevacKragujevac 34000Serbia department of psychiatry Faculty of Medical SciencesUniversity of KragujevacKragujevac 34000Serbia Clinic for psychiatry University Clinical Center KragujevacKragujevac 34000Serbia Center for Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Research Faculty of Medical SciencesUniversity of KragujevacKragujevac 34000Serbia department of Pediatrics Faculty of Medical SciencesUniversity of KragujevacKragujevac 34000Serbia Pediatric Clinic University Clinical Center KragujevacKragujevac 34000Serbia department of Anatomy Faculty of Medical SciencesUniversity of KragujevacKragujevac 34000Serbia

BACKGROUND Women with a history of serious psychotic disorders are at increased risk of disease relapse during ***-acting injectable(LAI)antipsychotics have been widely used to improve adherence and prevent relapse in patients with various severe psychotic disorders,but there is a lack of high-quality data from previous research on the safety of LAI antipsychotics during *** To summarize relevant data on maternal,pregnancy,neonatal,and developmental outcomes from published cases of LAI antipsychotic use in *** A literature search was performed through November 11,2023,using three online databases:PubMed/MEDLINE,Scopus,and Web of *** reports or case series that reported information about the outcomes of pregnancy in women who used LAI antipsychotics at any point in pregnancy,with available full texts,were *** statistics,narrative summation,and tabulation of the extracted data were *** A total of 19 publications satisfied the inclusion criteria:3 case series,15 case reports,and 1 conference *** reported the outcomes of LAI antipsychotic use in 74 women and 77 *** use of secondgeneration LAI antipsychotics was reported in the majority(n=47;61.0%)of ***-generation LAI antipsychotics were administered during 30 pregnancies(39.0%).Most of the women(approximately 64%)had either satisfactory control of symptoms or no information about relapse,while approximately 12%of them had developed gestational diabetes mellitus.A minority of cases reported adverse outcomes such as stillbirth,spontaneous abortion,preterm birth,low birth weight,congenital anomalies,and neurological manifestations in ***,there were no reports of negative long-term developmental *** Currently available data seem reassuring,but further well-designed studies are required to properly evaluate the risks and benefits of LAI antipsychotic use during pregnancy.

关键词： Antipsychotic agents Long-acting injectable Pregnancy Outcome Review

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PD-1^(+)and TIM-3^(+)T cells widely express commonγ-chain cytokine receptors in multiple myeloma patients,and IL-2,IL-7,IL-15 stimulation up-regulates PD-1 and TIM-3 on T cells

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Oncology Research 2024年第10期32卷 1575-1587页

作者： EGOR V.BATOROV ALISA D.INESHINA TATIANA A.ARISTOVA VERA V.DENISOVA SVETLANA A.SIZIKOVA DARIA S.BATOROVA GALINA Y.USHAKOVA EKATERINA Y.SHEVELA ELENA R.CHERNYKH Laboratory of Cellular Immunotherapy Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical ImmunologyNovosibirsk630099Russia V.Zelman Institute of Medicine and psychology Novosibirsk National Research State UniversityNovosibirsk630090Russia department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical ImmunologyNovosibirsk630099Russia

Background:Immune checkpoint ligand-receptor interactions appear to be associated with multiple myeloma(MM)***,previous studies showed the possibility of PD-1 and TIM-3 expression on T cells upon stimulation with commonγ-chain family cytokines in vitro and during homeostatic *** aim of the present work was to study the impact of homeostatic proliferation on the expansion of certain T cell subsets upregulating PD-1 and TIM-3 checkpoint ***:The expression of CD25,CD122,CD127 commonγ-chain cytokine receptors,phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription-5(pSTAT5)and eomesodermin(EOMES)was comparatively assessed with flow cytometry in PD-1-and TIM-3-negative and positive T cells before the conditioning and during the first post-transplant month in peripheral blood samples of MM ***:Substantial proportions of PD-1-and TIM-3-positive T lymphocytes expressed commonγ-chain cytokine receptors and *** of cytokine receptor expressing cells were significantly higher within TIM-3+T cells compared to PD-1+TIM-3−*** proportions of both PD-1-/TIM-3-negative and positive CD8+T cells express EOMES,while only moderate frequencies of CD4+PD-1+/TIM-3+T cells up-regulate this transcription ***,the surface presence of CD25 and intranuclear expression of EOMES in CD4+T cells were mutually exclusive regardless of PD-1 and TIM-3 *** stimulation with commonγ-chain cytokines up-regulates PD-1 and TIM-3 during the proliferation of initially PD-1/TIM-3-negative T cells but fails to expand initially PD-1+and TIM-3+T cell subsets in ***:Both PD-1 and TIM-3 expressing T cells appear to be able to respond to homeostatic cytokine *** in commonγ-chain cytokine receptor expression between PD-1+and TIM-3+T cells may reflect functional dissimilarity of these cell *** blockade appears to alleviate lymphopenia-induced prolif

关键词： Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(AHSCT) CD25 CD122 Eomesodermin(EOMES) Homeostatic proliferation

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Effect of quantitative consciousness index on seizure parameters during electroconvulsive therapy in patients with major depressive disorder

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World Journal of psychiatry 2024年第9期14卷 1375-1385页

作者： Bang-Shu Zhao Bi Deng Qi-Bin Chen Xiao Li You Yang Su Min department of Anesthesiology The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016China department of Anesthesiology The First Clinical College of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016China department of psychiatry The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016China

BACKGROUND Electroconvulsive therapy(ECT)is both an effective treatment for patients with major depressive disorder(MDD)and a noxious *** some studies have explored the effect of sedation depth on seizure parameters in ECT,there is little research on the noxious stimulation response to *** this study,we used two electroencephalography(EEG)-derived indices,the quantitative consci-ousness(qCON)index and quantitative nociceptive(qNOX)index,to monitor sedation,hypnosis,and noxious stimulation response in patients with MDD undergoing acute *** Patients with MDD(n=24)underwent acute bilateral temporal ECT under propofol *** ECT,the patients were randomly divided into three groups according to qCON scores(qCON60-70,qCON50-60,and qCON40-50).Continuous qCON monitoring was performed 3 minutes before and during ECT,and the qCON,qNOX,vital signs,EEG seizure parameters,and complications during the recovery period were *** 24-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression,Zung’s Self-rating Depression Scale,and Montreal Cognitive Asse-ssment scores were evaluated before the first ECT session,after the fourth ECT session,and after the full course of *** A total of 193 ECT sessions were performed on 24 *** qCON index significantly affected the EEG seizure duration,peak mid-ictal amplitude,and maximum heart rate during ECT(P0.05).CONCLUSION Electrical stimulation at a qCON index of 60-70 resulted in better EEG seizure parameters without increasing complications in patients with MDD undergoing b

关键词： Electroconvulsive therapy Propofol Nociception Depression Electroencephalogram

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