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Modern View on Potentials of Forensic Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Expertise

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Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine 2024年第1期10卷 62-67页

作者： Elena M.Vazhnichaya Nataliia M.Deviatkina department of Pharmacology Clinical Pharmacology and PharmacyPoltava State Medical UniversityPoltavaUkraine

The great number of drugs and their variety have increased the potential of therapy but increased the risks of crimes related to the production,sale,and use of *** prosecution of such crimes requires pharmaceutical or pharmacological *** development of forensic pharmacy and forensic pharmacology is relevant and needs consideration of their modern *** purpose of the work is to analyze literature data on the scientific basis of forensic pharmaceutical and pharmacological expertise and their modern *** texts of articles,book chapters,and websites were studied using keywords relevant to the purpose of the *** is shown,that modern forensic pharmaceutical expertise is a separate type of expertise that focuses on the study of drugs and documents that regulate the production,distribution,and quality of *** uses the latest analytical methods of pharmacy.A pharmacologist analyzes body fluids and tissues and interprets the resulting data to help courts and investigators assess the role of a drug in the person’s behavior,illness,injury,or *** range of issues included in the pharmacological examination is fully within the competence of the forensic medical examination,which can be appointed in civil cases or criminal proceedings connected with harm to health or *** pharmacology is not the same as forensic toxicology or pharmacovigilance and requires a separate approach based on purely pharmacological knowledge.

关键词： Drug expertise forensic pharmacology forensic pharmacy

Quantitative evaluation of the results of digital forensic investigations:a review of progress

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Forensic Sciences Research 2021年第1期6卷 13-18页

作者： Richard E.Overill Jan Collie department of Informatics King’s College LondonLondonUK department of Computing&Communication The Open UniversityMilton KeynesUK

Unlike conventional forensics,digital forensics does not at present generally quantify the results of its *** is suggested that digital forensics should aim to catch up with other forensic disciplines by using Bayesian and other numerical methodologies to quantify its investigations’*** the plausibility of alternative hypotheses(or propositions,or claims)which explain how recovered digital evidence came to exist on a device could assist both the prosecution and the defence sides in criminal proceedings:helping the prosecution to decide whether to proceed to trial and helping defence lawyers to advise a defendant how to *** paper reviews some numerical approaches to the goal of quantifying the relative weights of individual items of digital evidence and the plausibility of hypotheses based on that *** potential advantages enabling the construction of cost-effective digital forensic triage schemas are also outlined.

关键词： Forensic sciences digital forensic metrics measures of plausibility Bayesian networks probability theory statistical theory complexity theory information theory

An approach to quantifying the plausibility of the inadvertent download defence

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Forensic Sciences Research 2016年第1期1卷 28-32页

作者： Richard E.Overill Kam-Pui Chow department of Informatics King’s College LondonLondonUK department of Computer Science University of Hong KongPokfulamHong KongChina

A table of 95%confidence limits on the probabilities for randomly downloading relatively small numbers of illegal images or sensitive documents amongst a relatively large number of other images or documents has been *** is anticipated that these data will assist prosecution officials in arriving at a decision as to whether or not there is a reasonable likelihood of a successful criminal prosecution when the inadvertent download defence is employed in cases of possession of child pornography,terrorist material or espionage-related *** same data can also be used by defence counsels to assess the strength of the prosecution’s case.

关键词： Forensic science probability theory confidence interval binomial distribution,inadvertent download defence possession of child pornography counter terrorism counter espionage

Examining Scientific Evidence in US and Chinese Courts:A Comparative Study

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Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine 2016年第3期2卷 151-159页

作者： Bangda Chen department of Law Institute of SciencesEast China University of Political Science and LawShanghaiChina

The critical examination of scientific evidence is crucial in attempting to distinguish genuine science from“junk science”and provides judges with an important basis upon which to determine the credibility of expert witnesses giving scientific *** studying the law in the USA,we learn that the process for examining scientific evidence in court is based upon full discovery of the proposed evidence before trial and the availability of expert witnesses at trial to testify orally and be examined and cross‑*** studies suggest that the opportunities to critically examine scientific evidence in Chinese courts are not so freely *** is neglected,thus limiting the effectiveness of cross‑examination,and current rules do not encourage oral testimony or effective cross‑*** solve these problems,the disclosure duty should be put on the prosecution,rather than on the *** evidence should be *** must include the basis,process,material relied upon,and methods of forensic *** the trial process,the prosecution has transferred the case file to court,where the defendant will be able to copy the scientific *** neutrality of expert assistants established by article 192 of the new Criminal Procedural Law should be strengthened.

关键词： Cross‑examination cross‑examination of expert witnesses discovery of evidence forensic appraisals scientific evidence

Analysis of Milk Tea as a New Mixed Drug Substance in China

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Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine 2017年第1期3卷 18-21页

作者： Binling Zhu Liang Meng Kefang Zheng department of Forensic Science Fujian Police CollegeFuzhouR R.China

Among the popular mixed drugs in China,the oral solution shenxianshui and the floury drug milk tea have recently *** 2014,123 bags of milk tea included in 14 cases were tested qualitatively and quantitatively,and the test results provided a basis for drug detection,prosecution,and *** than two drug components were detected in milk tea,which was characterized as a fragrant beige,yellow,or brown *** detection rates of methylamphetamine(MA),3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine(MDMA),and ketamine in milk tea were 36.6%,50.4%,and 76.4%,respectively,and the concentrations of MA,MDMA,and ketamine were 0.2-5.1,3.2-30.1,and 0.8-176.3 mg/g,respectively,in quantitative testing.

关键词： A new mix drug substance analysis forensic toxicology milk tea

The uses of Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius, 1794) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in forensic entomology

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Forensic Sciences Research 2018年第1期3卷 2-15页

作者： Rozane Badenhorst Martin H.Villet Southern African Forensic Entomology Research Laboratory Department of Zoology and EntomologyRhodes UniversityGrahamstownSouth Africa

Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius,1794) occurs on every continent and is closely associated with carrion and decaying material in human *** abilities to find dead bodies and carry pathogens give it a prominence in human affairs that may involve prosecution or litigation,and therefore forensic *** identification,geographical distribution and biology of the species are reviewed to provide a background for approaches that four branches of forensic entomology (urban,stored-product,medico-criminal and environmental) might take to investigations involving this fly.

关键词： Forensic sciences forensic entomology Chrysomya megacephala morphology taxonomy biogeography life cycle ecology

Systematic Chemical Analysis Discloses the Causes of Adulteration in Edible Oils and Related Foods

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Systematic Chemical Analysis Discloses the Causes of Adulter...

Analysis of Economic Efficiency of Wildlife Law Enforcement in Serengeti Ecosystem Tanzania

2018年中国质谱学术大会（CMSC2018）

作者： Ling Yong-Chien department of Chemistry Tsing Hua University

Taiwan cooking oil scandals refer to the adulteration of edible oils occurred in 2013-2014. The lack of up-dated analytical methods and evidence-based practice obstructed the regulatory prosecution and affected the court ruling. We, therefore, initiated a systematic chemical analysis approach to investigate the possible adulterations in market edible oils as a preventive action. The system is consisted of several GC-MS ICP-MS, and NMR methods for chemical fingerprint(non-target) analysis of specific classes. For suspected adulterated samples, followed quantitative(target) analysis of concerned compounds is carried out. Several class-specific marker compounds were experimentally selected and formulated as the database for adulteration screen purpose. The design principle is to take advantages of the richness and diversity of chemical information offered by MS methods to minimize the need for many chemical standards and sophisticated pretreatments, demonstrating our effort towards green analytical chemistry. Furthermore, the instrument specifications are general and the share of the database, making the public use of the developed system become feasible. The presentation will briefly introduce the developed methods of SPME/GC-MS for volatile organic compounds, DLLME/GC-MS for plant sterols and polar organic compounds, online derivation/GC-MS for fatty acids, on-line derivation//GC-IRMS for δ13 C, microwave-assisted acid digestion ICP-MS for heavy metals, and NMR for saturated/monounsaturated/polyunsaturated fatty acids. An edible oil fingerprint database consisting of 136 samples of 16 vegetable oils and 74 samples of 8 animal oils was constructed. The principle of identifying adulteration is that there is and there is nothing. Practical applications include the identification of the composition of the three major oil types of a single oil and blending oil, the composition ratio of saturated/unit unsaturated/polyunsaturated fatty acids, the distinction between origin

关键词： Edible oil food adulteration non-target analysis systematic chemical analysis

来源： cnki会议评论

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2023年第7期14卷 538-560页

作者： Qambemeda M. Nyanghura Jumanne M. Abdallah department of Wildlife Management College of Forestry Wildlife and Tourism Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro Tanzania department of Forest and Environmental Economics College of Forestry Wildlife and Tourism Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro Tanzania

Law enforcement remains to be the main strategy used to combat poaching and account for high budget share in protected area management. Studies on efficiency of wildlife law enforcement in the protected areas are limited. This study analyzed economic efficiency of wildlife law enforcement in terms of resource used and output generated using three different protected areas (PAs) of Serengeti ecosystem namely Serengeti National Park (SENAPA), Ikorongo/Grumeti Game Reserves (IGGR) and Ikona Wildlife Management Area (IWMA). Three years (2010-2012) monthly data on wildlife law enforcement inputs and outputs were collected from respective PAs authorities and supplemented with key informant interviews and secondary data. Questionnaire surveys were conducted to wildlife law enforcement staff. Shadow prices for non-marketed inputs were estimated, and market prices for marketed inputs. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) was used to estimate economic efficiency using Variable Return to Scale (VRS) and Constant Return to Scale (CCR) assumptions. Results revealed that wildlife law enforcement in all PAs was economically inefficient, with less inefficiency observed in IWMA. The less inefficiency in IWMA is likely attributed to existing sense of ownership and responsibility created through community-based conservation which resulted in to decrease in law enforcement costs. A slacks evaluation revealed a potential to reduce fuel consumption, number of patrol vehicles, ration and prosecution efforts at different magnitudes between studied protected areas. There is equal potential to recruit more rangers while maintaining the resting time. These finding forms the bases for monitoring and evaluation with respect to resource usage to enhance efficiency. It is further recommended to enhance community participation in conservation in SENAPA and IGGR to lower law enforcement costs. Collaboration between protected area, police and judiciary is fundamental to enhance enforcement efficiency. De

关键词： Serengeti Ecosystem Wildlife Law Enforcement Data Envelopment Analysis

Strengthening Legal Supervision to Promote Human Rights Protection

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The Journal of Human Rights 2014年第3期13卷 12-14页

作者： LI ZHONGCHENG the Procuratorial department of Dereliction of Duty and Infringement of Citizen’s Rights of the Supreme People’s Procuratorate

A ccording to China＇s Constitution and laws, the duty of procuratorate . departments is not simplyprosecuting criminals and procura- torates are not simply departments for public prosecution. Essentially, they are the legal supervision departments of the state. In order to implement the constitutional principle of ＂respecting and protecting human rights,＂ procuratorate departments fulfill their duty of legal supervision in various sectors such as investigation, arrest ratification and prosecution to protect citizens＇ legal rights and interests.

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