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Effects of patch size, disturbances on diversity and structural traits of tropical semi-evergreen forest in the lowland Indo Burma hotspot: implication on conservation of the threatened tree species

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Journal of Mountain Science 2016年第8期13卷 1397-1410页

作者： Koushik MAJUMDAR Badal Kumar DATTA plant taxonomy and Biodiversity Laboratory Department of Botany Tripura University

Information on geographic distribution, population and threat status of most globally red listed species in the Indo Burma zone are inadequate. Given the increase in the prevalence of isolated forest patches in the part of this hotspot, evaluation is necessary on how size of the remnant forest patches and on-going disturbances affects structure and diversity of remaining habitats including the population of some globally threatened tree species. Quantitative vegetation inventory by 500 m long and lO m wide （0.5 ha） line transects were randomly set in nine fragmented tropical semi-evergreen forest patches in Tripura, Northeast India. The studied forests patches grouped into small, medium and large based on their respected sizes. Spatial variability was analysed in woody species diversity and structure along the patch size gradients and their response to both patch size and anthropogenic disturbances. Out of 167 species, 13 identified as red-listed species by IUCN under the present inventory. Most of the diversity and structural parameters showed statistically significant positive response with the forest patch size, except for stand dominance, disturbance, sapling density and number of aggregated distribution pattern decreased when patch size increased. In addition, most of the diversity and structural attributes showed negative response with disturbances. Present baseline data would serve as an effective tool for management and protection of this important forest type. Future habitat restoration programme and strategies for relocation of additional population and re-introduction of those globally threatened trees are recommended.

关键词： Forest diversity Semi-evergreen forest Threatened species Population composition IndoBurma zone

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Structure, composition and diversity of tree species in tropical moist deciduous forests of Eastern India: a case study of Nayagarh Forest Division, Odisha

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Journal of Forestry Research 2017年第6期28卷 1212-1223页

作者： Tirthabrata Sahoo Pratap Chandra Panda Laxmikanta Acharya taxonomy and conservation Division Regional Plant Resource Centre Nayapalli Bhubaneswar Odisha 751015India Centre of Biotechnology Sikshya O Anusandhan UniversityGhatikia Bhubaneswar Odisha 751003 India

Quantitative assessment of tree species diversity from sample plots in seven forest ranges of Nayagarh Forest Division in Odisha state in the Eastern Ghats of India was made during the period April, 2011 to November, 2013. A total of 120 transects(1000 m × 5 m) were laid in Nayagarh, Odogaon, Pancharida, Khandapada, Dasapalla,Mahipur, and Gania forest ranges and tree stems of at least 30 cm GBH were measured. The regeneration potential of trees was assessed from 5 m × 5 m sample plots located within the main transect. A total of 177 tree species belonging to 120 genera and 44 families were recorded from the study area. Shorea robusta, Buchanania lanzan, Lannea coromandelica, Terminalia alata and Cleistanthus collinus were the predominant tree species. The stand density varied in the range of 355.33–740.53 stems ha)-1) while basal area ranged from 7.77 to 31.62 m2ha-1. The tree density and species richness decreased with increasing girth class. The highest number of species and maximum density was recorded in the girth class of 30–60 cm. The Shannon–Weiner and Simpson Indices with respect to trees with C30 cm GBH varied in the range of 2.07–3.79 cm and 0.03–0.37 cm respectively and the values of diversity indices are within the reported range for tropical forests of Indian sub-continent. The families, Dipterocarpaceae,Anacardiaceae, Combretaceae and Euphorbiaceae contributed to maximum species richness, stand density, and basal area. Regeneration of many tree species was observed to be poor. The present study provides baseline data for further ecological studies, forest management, and formulation of site-specific strategies for conservation of biological diversity in moist deciduous forests of Eastern India.

关键词： Eastern India Nayagarh Forest Division Odisha Tree diversity

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Habitat suitability and herbivores determine reintroduction success of an endangered legume

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plant Diversity 2019年第2期41卷 109-117页

作者： Matthew A.Albrecht Quinn G.Long Center for conservation and Sustainable Development Missouri Botanical Garden Shaw nature Reserve Missouri Botanical Garden

Reintroductions of rare plants require detailed knowledge of habitat requirements, species interactions,and restoration techniques. Thus, incremental experimentation over many years may be required to develop adequate knowledge and techniques for successful reintroduction. To determine drivers of extinction in historical reintroductions of a federally endangered perennial(Astragalus bibullatus), we developed a reintroduction experiment to disentangle the relative importance of habitat quality, herbivores, and restoration technique on reintroduction success. In a factorial design, we manipulated access to vertebrate herbivores across different habitat types(mesic ecotone vs. xeric barren), and used founder populations comprised of more transplants and genetic sources than previous reintroduction *** mesic ecotones where historical reintroductions failed, excluding herbivores, thinning woody encroachment to improve habitat quality, outplanting across a greater array of microhabitats, and increasing founder population size did not improve demographic rates over previous *** to mesic ecotones, transplant survival rates and cumulative fruit production were more than two and ten times greater, respectively, in a xeric barren ecotone characterized by open, grassy, and dry microenvironmental conditions. Across all sites, herbivores decreased probabilities of survival and flowering of larger adult plants. Flowering rates were 80% greater inside relative to outside herbivore exclusion cages. Over a four-year period, only a single uncaged plant produced fruit. Our study demonstrates that habitat quality and vertebrate herbivory are key drivers of long-term persistence in rare plant reintroductions. Using incremental experiments that build on previous knowledge gained from long-term monitoring can improve reintroduction outcomes.

关键词： Astragalus bibullatus Translocation Rare plant conservation Founder size Grassland

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Effects of physiological integration on defense strategies against herbivory by the clonal plant Alternanthera philoxeroides

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Journal of plant Ecology 2019年第4期12卷 662-672页

作者： Rubén Portela Bi-Cheng Dong Fei-Hai Yu Rodolfo Barreiro Sergio R.Roiloa BioCost Group Biology DepartmentUniversidade da CoruñaA Coruña 15071Spain School of nature conservation Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China Institute of Wetland Ecology&Clone Ecology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of plant Evolutionary Ecology and conservation Taizhou UniversityTaizhou 318000China

Aims The plant-herbivore interaction is one of the most fundamental inter-actions in *** are sessile organisms,and consequently rely on particular strategies to avoid or reduce the negative impact of ***,we aimed to determine the defense strategies against insect herbivores in the creeping invasive plant Alternanthera *** We tested the defense response of *** to herbivory by a leaf-feeding specialist insect Agasicles hygrophila and a pol-yphagous sap-feeding insect Planococcus *** also tested the mechanisms triggering defense responses of *** by including treatments of artificial leaf removal and jasmonic acid ***,we examined the effect of physiological integration on these defense *** Findings The combination of artificial leaf removal and jasmonic acid appli-cation produced a similar effect to that of leaf-feeding by the real *** integration influenced the defense strat-egies of *** against herbivores,and increased biomass allocation to aboveground parts in its apical ramets damaged by real *** study highlights the importance of physio-logical integration and modular plasticity for understanding the consequences of herbivory in clonal plants.

关键词： Agasicles hygrophila alligator weed clonal integration herbivory Planococcus minor

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Plastid phylogenomics and biogeography of the medicinal plant lineage Hyoscyameae(Solanaceae)

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plant Diversity 2021年第3期43卷 192-197页

作者： Feng-Wei Lei Ling Tong Yi-Xuan Zhu Xian-Yun Mu Tie-Yao Tu Jun Wen Laboratory of Systematic Evolution and Biogeography of Woody plants College of Ecology and Nature ConservationBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijing100083China department of Botany National Museum of Natural HistoryMRC 166Smithsonian InstitutionWashingtonDC20013-7012USA Key Laboratory of plant Resources conservation and Sustainable Utilization South China Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou510650China

The cosmopolitan family Solanaceae,which originated and first diversified in South America,is economically *** tribe Hyoscyameae is one of the three clades in Solanaceae that occurs outside of the New World;Hyoscyameae genera are distributed mainly in Europe and Asia,and have centers of species diversity in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and adjacent *** many phylogenetic studies have focused on Solanaceae,the phylogenetic relationships within the tribe Hyoscyameae and its biogeographic history remain *** this study,we reconstructed the phylogeny of Hyoscyameae based on whole chloroplast genome data,and estimated lineage divergence times according to the newly reported fruit fossil from the Eocene Patagonia,Physalis infinemundi,the earliest known fossil of *** reconstructed a robust phylogeny of Hyoscyameae that reveals the berry fruit-type Atropa is sister to the six capsule-bearing genera(Hyoscyameae sensu stricto),Atropanthe is sister to the clade(Scopolia,Physochlaina,Przewalskia),and together they are sister to the robustly supported AnisoduseHyoscyamus *** stem age of Hyoscyameae was inferred to be in the Eocene(47.11 Ma,95%HPD:36.75e57.86 Ma),and the crown ages of Hyoscyameae sensu stricto were estimated as the early Miocene(22.52 Ma,95%HPD:15.19e30.53 Ma),which shows a close correlation with the rapid uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau at the Paleogene/Neogene *** results provide insights into the phylogenetic relationships and the history of the biogeographic diversification of the tribe Hyoscyameae,as well as plant diversification on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

关键词： Biogeography Hyoscyameae Plastid phylogenomics Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Rapid radiation Solanaceae

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Effects of soil substrate heterogeneity and moisture on interspecific competition between Alternanthera philoxeroides and four native species

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Journal of plant Ecology 2017年第3期10卷 528-537页

作者： Lu Liu Bi-Cheng Dong Peter Alpert Fei-Hai Yu School of nature conservation Beijing Forestry UniversityQinghua East Road 35Haidian DistrictBeijing 100083China Biology department University of MassachusettsAmherstMA 01003USA

Aims Clonal plant species have the potential for high relative performance in heterogeneous environments,and this might increase the com-petitive ability and invasiveness of introduced clonal plant *** was hypothesized that clonal species whose performance responds more to heterogeneity of a resource have higher competitive ability in habitats where this resource is more heterogeneous and that this relationship is stronger when other resources are less *** To test these hypotheses,the perennial clonal herb Alternanthera philoxeroides,which is invasive in China,was grown alone or with each of four clonal perennial,co-occurring herbs native to China,*** sessilis,Cynodon dactylon,Hemarthria altissima and Wedelia *** were given homogeneous or het-erogeneous soil substrate crossed with low and high levels of soil *** Findings Effects of heterogeneity on the accumulation of mass and ramets and on competitive effect and response of *** differed between native species and interacted with effects of soil *** reduced the final total mass or ramet number of the native species except ***,and the negative competitive effects on *** and *** were more pronounced in heterogeneous than in homogeneous *** response of *** was more negative to *** than to the other native *** native species,the competitive response of *** was more negative in heterogeneous than in homo-geneous soils at low moisture level,but the reverse was true at high moisture *** do not consistently support either hypoth-esis,but do suggest that competitive ability can be partly explained by individual species traits such as size,and that some competi-tive effects and responses are emergent properties of interspecific interactions.

关键词： alligator weed clonal plant competitive effect competitive response soil heterogeneity soil moisture foraging behavior

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Male Advertisement Call of the Endangered Leptobrachella tengchongensis(Anura: Megophryidae) from Mount Gaoligongshan, Yunnan Province, China

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Asian Herpetological Research 2021年第2期12卷 221-227页

作者： Ho Yuen YEUNG Xiangyuan HUANG Shenpin YANG Jianhuan YANG Kadcxfrie conservation China department Kcuioorie Farm and Botanic GardenLam Kam RoadTai PoN.T.Hong KongChina Gaoligongshan National nature Reserve(Tengchong Bureau) Tengchong 679100YunnanChina

We present the first description of the acoustic characters of the endangered Tengchong leaf litter toad(Leptobrachella tengchongensis), aiming to inform future ecological studies of the species and taxonomic studies in the genus Leptobrachella. A total of 1179 calls, belonging to 6 adults male individuals, were recorded using TASCAM DR-40 digital sound recorder from its type locality in May 2015 and then analyzed using Raven Pro v.1.6.1 software. The advertisement call of male L. tengchongensis consists of primary advertisement call and secondary advertisement call. The primary advertisement call is invariably composed of two notes and has a call duration of 61 ± 5 ms(23–87 ms, n = 1142). The secondary advertisement call is composed of 3–10 notes(mean 5.25 ± 1.41 notes/call, n = 37) with a call duration of 90 ± 6 ms(37–127 ms, n = 37). The mean inter-call interval is 212 ± 121 ms(88–1121 ms, n = 1092). An introductory note is absent in advertisement calls and the dominant of calls is 4.1–4.8 kHz(at 20 ℃). We discuss the interspecific and intraspecific variations on advertisement calls in L. tengchongensis and among Leptobrachella species, and provide a summary on the major acoustic characters of all Leptobrachella species occurring north of the Isthmus of Kra.

关键词： acoustic analysis amphibians bioacoustics breeding ecology Leptolalax taxonomy Tengchong

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plant conservation in Australia:Current directions and future challenges

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plant Diversity 2017年第6期39卷 348-356页

作者： Linda Broadhurst David Coates CANBR CSIRO National Research Collections Australia department of Biodiversity Conservation and Attractions

Australia is a large, old and flat island continent that became isolated following the breakup of the Gondwanan super continent. After more than 40-50 M years of independent evolution, approx. 600,000-700,000 species now call Australia home. More than 21,000 of these species are plants, with at least84% of these being endemic. plant taxa are protected, conserved and managed under a range of legislation at the State-and Territory-level as well as Federally for matters of national significance. This can create issues of misalignment among threatened species lists but generally there is co-operation among conservation agencies to reduce misalignments and to manage species irrespective of jurisdictional borders. Despite significant investment in programs designed to assist the recovery of Australian biodiversity, threatened plants in particular appear to be continuing to decline. This can be attributed to a range of factors including major threatening processes associated with habitat loss and invasive species,lack of public awareness of the cultural and socio-economic value of plant conservation, and our relatively poor understanding of basic species taxonomy and biology, especially for those species that have specific interactions with pollinators, symbionts and herbivores. A recent shift in Federally-based conservation programs has been to identify 30 key plant species for recovery through the setting of measurable targets, improving the support provided to recovery teams and encouraging industry,business and philanthropy to support conservation actions.

关键词： conservation plant Australia Threatened species Recovery

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Trans-generational effects in the clonal invader Alternanthera philoxeroides

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Journal of plant Ecology 2020年第1期13卷 122-129页

作者： Rubén Portela Bi-Cheng Dong Fei-Hai Yu Rodolfo Barreiro Sergio R.Roiloa Dalva MSilva Matos BioCost Group Biology DepartmentUniversidade da CoruñaA Coruña 15071Spain Lab.Ecologia e Conservação Departamento de HidrobiologiaUniversidade Federal de São CarlosSão Carlos 13565-905Brazil School of nature conservation Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China Institute of Wetland Ecology and Clone Ecology Taizhou UniversityTaizhou 318000China Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of plant Evolutionary Ecology and conservation Taizhou UniversityTaizhou 318000China

Aims Recent studies have revealed heritable phenotypic plasticity through vegetative *** this sense,changes in gene regulation induced by the environment,such as DNA methylation(*** changes),can result in reversible plastic responses being transferred to the offspring *** trans-generational plasticity is expected to be especially relevant in clonal plants,since reduction of sexual reproduction can decrease the potential for adaptation through genetic *** of the most aggressive plant invaders are clonal,and clonality has been suggested as key to explain plant *** we aim to determine whether trans-generational effects occur in the clonal invader Alternanthera philoxeroides,and whether such effects differ between populations from native and non-native *** In a common garden experiment,parent plants of *** from populations collected in Brazil(native range)and Iberian Peninsula(non-native range)were grown in high and low soil nutrient conditions,and offspring plants were transplanted to control conditions with high *** test the potential role of DNA methylation on trans-generational plasticity,half of the parent plants were treated with the demethylating agent,*** Findings Trans-generational effects were observed both in populations from the native and the non-native ***,trans-generational effects occurred on growth variables(number of ramets,stem mass,root mass and total mass)in the population from the native range,but on biomass partitioning in the population from the non-native ***-generational effects of the population from the native range may be explained by a‘silver-spoon’effect,whereas those of the population from the non-native range could be explained by epigenetic transmission due to DNA *** study highlights the importance of trans-generational effects on the growth of a clonal plant,which could help to understand

关键词： 5-azacytidine alligator weed clonal growth DNA methylation epigenetic variation plant invasions

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plant endemism in the Nepal Himalayas and phytogeographical implications

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plant Diversity 2019年第3期41卷 174-182页

作者： Achyut Tiwari Yadav Uprety Santosh Kumar Rana department of Botany Tri-Chandra Campus Tribhuvan University Kathmandu Nepal Central department of Botany Tribhuvan University Kirtipur Kathmandu Nepal Research Centre for Applied Science and Technology Tribhuvan University Kathmandu Nepal IUCN (International Union for conservation of nature) Kathmandu Nepal Key Laboratory for plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650201 Yunnan China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

Nepal is located in the central part of the greater Himalayan range with a unique series of mountain chains formed by recent mountain building geological events. As one of the youngest mountains in the world it contributes to diversity of plants and also provided barriers to and corridors through which plants migrated during the ice ages. The higher altitudinal variation with the high mountains, deep river valleys and lowland plains combine with the effects of the summer monsoon and dry winter result with an extraordinary diversity of ecosystems including flora and fauna in a relatively small land area. The existing checklists for Nepal record some 6000 species of flowering plants and about 530 ferns. However, the botanical experts estimate that numbers may go up to 7000 when the poorly known remote regions are fully explored. The information on plant endemism in Nepal Himalaya is not adequately known as Nepal is still struggling to complete long awaited Flora of Nepal project. Endemic species are confined to specific areas and are the first to be affected by land use and other global changes. We sought to explore the spatial distribution of endemic plant species in Nepal in relation to the consequences associated with climatic and geologic changes over time in the region with the help of published literature. It was found that the endemism showed marked spatial variation between open moist habitat and dry inner valleys, the former with higher endemism. The updated records showed 312 flowering plant species to be endemic to Nepal with higher endemism around the elevation of 3800e4200 m at sea level. The recent human population explosion, intensified deforestation, habitat fragmentation and modern day environmental changes are posing greater threats to endemic plant in Nepal. The conservation status and threats to these peculiar species are unknown. Nevertheless, environmental degradation and high poverty rates create a potent mix of threats to biodiversity in this l

关键词： Himalaya Topography Endemism

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