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Biomass-glycerol briquettes are not necessarily mechanically stable and energetically effective

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Waste Disposal and Sustainable Energy 2020年第4期2卷 291-303页

作者： Bruno Rafael de Almeida Moreira Ronaldo da Silva Viana Samuel Dias Moreira Monique dos Santos Lima Anderson Chagas Magalhães Celso Tadao Miasaki JoséClaudio Caraschi department of phytosanitary Rural Engineering and SoilsSchool of EngineeringSão Paulo State University(Unesp)Ilha SolteiraSão PauloBrazil department of Plant Production College of Agricultural and Technological SciencesSão Paulo State University(Unesp)DracenaBrazil São Paulo State University(Unesp) ItapevaSão PauloBrazil

The re-use of glycerol from biodiesel industry as an alternative lubricant for making high-performance briquettes is ***,the technical performance of this agro-industrial residue is not *** study outlines,accordingly,the real risk of introducing glycerol into the co-briquetting of highly caloric by-products of *** production of hybrid briquettes consisted of pressing mixtures of residues of sugarcane and sorghum with the liquid additive at 10,20,and 30 wt.%in bench-scale hydraulic piston presser *** of the blend,briquettes containing the supplement at the highest level as part of their composition ended up being much more hygroscopic(20.10%)and less energetic(3.15 GJ m^(−3)).The explanation for the negative impact of glycerol on the thermomechanical behavior of briquettes would be overconcen-tration of additive capable of effectively defying compacting *** degree of compaction during co-briquetting has likely gone down quickly with a maximizing level of *** long as the additive is not able to lubricate the feedstock suitably,improbability of biomass particles to successfully bond together to form themselves into mechanically stable and energetically effective briquettes is *** lower density(273.80 kg m^(−3))and higher relaxation(22.75%),briquettes with glycerol at 30 wt.%generally were aesthetically ***,these products resisted no longer to handling,transportation,and *** lost their shape easily during emptying and shifting them,thus,releasing larger quanti-ties of biomass to the *** evidence of high-viscosity glycerol capable of limiting safe and effective production of high-performance briquettes for heating and power exists.

关键词： Additive Agro-residues Densification Biosolids Waste-to-energy

Bacterial extracts and bioformulates as a promising control of fruit body rot and root rot in avocado cv. Hass

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2020年第3期19卷 748-758页

作者： David GRANADA Lorena LÓPEZ-LUJAN Sara RAMIREZ-RESTREPO Juan MORALES Carlos PELÁEZ-JARAMILLO Galdino ANDRADE Juan Carlos BEDOYA-PEREZ phytosanitary and Biological Control Unit Corporation for Biological ResearchMedellin 050034Colombia Faculty of Health Sciences Institution University Colegio Mayor de AntioquiaMedellin 050034Colombia department of Agronomic Sciences National University of ColombiaMedellin 050034Colombia Faculty of Exact Sciences University of AntioquiaMedellin 050010Colombia department of Microbiology Londrina State UniversityLondrina 86051-990Brazil

At least 20-40% of annual losses of avocado crops are caused by pathogenic *** chemical treatments of these diseases are inefficient,cause environmental pollution and are increasingly restricted by international *** work aimed to assess the biocontrol capacity of a bacterial extract to protect avocado fruits and plants from pathogen *** from the bacterial isolate Serratia ***5.1 were obtained from liquid fermentations in a biorreactor.A body rot postharvest infection model with Colletotrichum gloeosporioides on fruits was ***,packaging conditions were simulated using the bacterial extract and the commercial fungicide prochloraz as a positive ***,seedlings infections with Phytophthora cinnamomi were performed on two types of avocado(West Indian race and ***).The Area Under Disease Progress Curve(AUDPC) was recorded using the bacterial extract and a commercial product with fosetyl-aluminium as *** bacterial extract significantly reduced infections by *** on injured avocado fruits at 31.1 μg mL^-*** fruits were also protected against body rot infections at the same concentration and showed no significant differences with the commercial *** the other hand,AUDPC in the seedlings was significantly reduced with the extract treatment at 3 μg mL^-1 compared to the ***,a possible phytotoxicity effect of the extract was evidenced in the seedlings and confirmed by pathogen recovery and tests on Raphanus sativus ***,formulations of the extracts(emulsion and emulsifiable concentrate) were prepared,and bioactive stability was assessed for 8 *** emulsion formulates demonstrated very stable bioactivity against *** extract and the emulsion formulate showed promising results for the control of avocado *** bioproducts based on this type of active principles could be developed for the benefit of avocado industry.

关键词： Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Phytophthora cinnamomi Serratia sp. antagonistic microbes secondary metabolites biofungicide

Valorization of semi-solid by-product from distillation of cellulosic ethanol into blends for heating and power

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Waste Disposal and Sustainable Energy 2021年第1期3卷 49-61页

作者： Bruno Rafael de Almeida Moreira Victor Hugo Cruz Matheus Luís Oliveira Cunha Nathaly Proença Lopes Anderson Chagas Magalhães Celso Tadao Miasaki JoséClaudio Caraschi Ronaldo da Silva Viana department of phytosanitary Rural Engineering and SoilsSchool of EngineeringSão Paulo State University(Unesp)Ilha SolteiraSão PauloBrazil department of Plant Production College of Agricultural and Technological SciencesSão Paulo State University(Unesp)DracenaSão PauloBrazil São Paulo State University(Unesp) ItapevaSão PauloBrazil

Burning down on semi-solid by-product from distillation of cellulosic ethanol to power upstream steps of its manufacturing is ***,this feedstock is homogenous in size and shape,hygroscopic and poorly *** disadvantages make its re-use in the industrial plant very *** of this agro-residue into high-performance blends for heating and power is,accordingly,the scientific point of this *** pilot-scale manufacturing of composite pellets consisted of systematically pressing the residue with sugarcane bagasse at the mass ratios of 1:4,2:4,and 3:4 on an automatic pelletizer machine at 200 MPa and 125℃.The process of compaction lasted for 90 *** and energy density,both increased significantly,from 95.85%to 99.55%and from 27.95 GJ m^(−3) to 32.20 GJ m^(−3) with blending at 3:***,the semi-solid by-product considerably improved the feeding,thus,enabling the layers of particles to go smoothly through the channel-forming die of the ***,blends became stiffer and denser than pellets purely consisting of sugarcane *** evidence of the process of pelleting capable of highly valorizing the semi-solid by-product from distillation of cellulosic bioethanol into mechanically stable and energetically effective hybrid fuel grade biosolids *** major findings of this paper should be of great relevance to ensure safe and effective transportation and storage of biomass in indoor facili-ties where the risk for the generation of dust and fines and the subsequent off-gassing and self-firing is ***,pelletization may optimize the co-generation of heat and steam at the large-scale bioethanol station.

关键词： Fuel grade biosolids Non-woody biomass Pelletization Second-generation biofuel Sustainable waste-to-energy technique

Behavior and Viability of Blueberry Seeds through Germination and Tetrazolium Test

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2016年第1期7卷 11-18页

作者： Ana Paula de Azevedo Pasqualini Jessé Neves dos Santos Ricardo Antonio Ayub Paraná Federal University Curitiba Brazil Ponta Grossa State University Ponta Grossa Brazil Phytotchny and phytosanitary department Ponta Grossa State University Ponta Grossa Brazil

Knowing the physiology of seeds and the elements that influence their germination is fundamental aspects in seminiferous propagation;important techniques are used to obtain genetic variability and development of new cultivars of blueberry. The aim of this study is to evaluate the germination behavior, as well as viability levels, through germination tests and tetrazolium, of Vaccinium ashei Reade seed cultivars Briteblue and Climax. Seeds treated or not with 5 M potassium hydroxide (KOH) were submitted to the germination test, on substrates, filter paper (SP) or solid culture medium with half of the salt concentration (MS/2), at temperatures of 10°C ± 2°C or 25°C ± 2°C. The maximum germination percentage of blueberry seeds was 40%. Both temperatures and substrates caused seed germination in the tested cultivars, and pretreatment with 5 M KOH for 5 minutes inhibited germination. Yet, the tetrazolium test, based on coloration of tissue, allowed the establishment of different levels of viability.

关键词： Vaccinium ashei Reade Germination Behavior Dormancy

Decision Trees as a Tool to Select Sugarcane Families

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2018年第2期9卷 216-230页

作者： Luiz A. Peternelli Diego P. Bernardes Bruno P. Brasileiro Marcio H.P. Barbosa Raphael H. T. Silva department of Statistics Universidade Federal de Vicosa Vicosa Brazil department of Crop Science and phytosanitary Universidade Federal do Paraná Curitiba Brazil department of Crop Science Universidade Federal de Vicosa Vicosa Brazil

New strategies are required in the sugarcane selection process to optimize the genetic gains in breeding programs. Conventional selection strategies have the disadvantage of requiring the weighing of all the plants in a plot or a sample of stalks and the counting of the number of stalks in all the experimental plots, which cannot always be performed because more than 200,000 genotypes routinely comprise the first test phase (T1) of most sugarcane breeding programs. One way to circumvent this problem is to use decision trees to rank the yield components (the stalk height, the stalk diameter and the number of stalks) and to subsequently use this categorization to select the best families for a specific trait. The objective of this study was to evaluate the categorization of yield components using the classification and regression tree (CART) algorithm as a family selection strategy by comparing the performance of CART with those of conventional methods that require the weighing of stalks, such as the best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) with sequential (BLUPS) or individual simulated (BLUPIS) procedures. Data from five experiments performed in May 2007 in a randomized block design were analyzed. Each experiment consisted of five blocks, 22 families and two controls (commercial varieties). CART effectively defined the classes of the yield components and selected the best families with an accuracy of 74% compared to BLUPS and BLUPIS. Families with at least 11 stalks per linear meter of furrow resulted in productivities that were above the average productivity of the commercial varieties used in this study and are, therefore, recommended for selection.

关键词： Statistical Learning Plant Breeding Saccharum Spp. Synthetic Data Supervised Learning

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柑橘类病毒的分子鉴定与分型

中国农业科学 2008年第9期41卷 2670-2677页

作者：马先锋韩健邓子牛舒广平 Rizza S Catara A 湖南农业大学园艺园林学院国家柑橘改良中心长沙分中心 department of phytosanitary Sciences and Technologies University of Catania Italy

【目的】检测湖南地区柑橘所携带的柑橘类病毒类型,并鉴定柑橘类病毒的亚型。【方法】以田间柑橘枝条韧皮部为试材,提取总RNA,反转录成cDNA,再用不同类型类病毒的特异引物进行PCR扩增,鉴定出各个样品所携带的柑橘类病毒类型;通过测序分... 详细信息

【目的】检测湖南地区柑橘所携带的柑橘类病毒类型,并鉴定柑橘类病毒的亚型。【方法】以田间柑橘枝条韧皮部为试材,提取总RNA,反转录成cDNA,再用不同类型类病毒的特异引物进行PCR扩增,鉴定出各个样品所携带的柑橘类病毒类型;通过测序分析各类型的序列,并与国内外报道的序列进行同源性分析,确定所测样品的亚型。【结果】建立了CEVd、CVdII、CVdⅢ等柑橘类病毒的RT-PCR检测方法。在5个供试样品中检测出3种类型的柑橘类病毒,即柑橘裂皮病类病毒(citrus exocortis viroid,CEVd)、柑橘类病毒Ⅱ型(citrus viriodⅡ,CVdⅡ,又名hop stunt viroid,HSVd)和柑橘类病毒Ⅲ型(citrus viriodⅢ,CVdⅢ),其中CVdⅡ和CVdⅢ为国内首次发现。亚型分析表明CVdⅡ可能为新的亚型;CVdⅢ为b亚型,可能具有矮化功能。【结论】在中国鉴定出3种类型的柑橘类病毒,CEVd与国内已报道的序列完全一致,其中CVdⅡ和CVdⅢ为首次在中国发现;检测到的CVdⅡ可能为新的亚型。

关键词：柑橘类病毒检测序列分析分型

Populational Fluctuation and Distribution of Epitrix ***(Coleoptera:Chrysomelidae)in the Organic Tobacco Management in Santa Cruz do Sul,RS,Brazil

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2017年第12期8卷 3285-3294页

作者： Daiana Oliveira Kássia Cristina Freire Zilch Fabiele Cristine Hintz Andreas Kohler Laboratory of Entomology University of Santa Cruz do Sul—UNISCSanta Cruz do SulBrasil Laboratory of Biological Control of Insects Phytosanitary DepartmentFederal University of Rio Grande do Sul—UFRGSPorto AlegreBrasil

Among the chrysomelids, some species are considered agricultural pests, such as some representatives of Epitrix spp. Popularly known as tobacco flea, these beetles cause damage to tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) by feeding on the leaf surface, causing injuries, reducing productivity and the final quality of the product to be marketed. However, studies of the biology and interactions of these individuals with the environment become essential in order to develop effective and sustainable control measures. The objective of this study was to analyze the distribution and population fluctuation of Epitrix spp., as well as to evaluate the possible influence of temperature, rainfall and adjacent vegetation on the population dynamics of this beetle in organic tobacco growing in the municipality of Santa Cruz of the South, RS. The collections were carried out weekly during the 2011/2012 harvest, using Malaise and Pit-fall traps, distributed in four points along three lines. A total of 1584 individuals belonging to the genus Epitrix were collected, and their greatest abundance was observed in late January and early February 2012 due to climatic factors, such as rainfall and temperature, favorable to the development of specimens and the tobacco leaf harvesting reduced the availability of food and conditioned a greater movement of these individuals in the crop. The results presented here are of great importance for deciding the best methodology for controlling the smoke flea, as well as knowing the influence of abiotic factors on the behavior of these organisms in the field.

关键词： Tobacco Flea Insect Pests Phytophagous Nicotiana tabacum

Effect of Diet,Photoperiod and Host Density on Parasitism of Anisopteromalus calandrae on the Tobacco Beetle and Biological Parameters of the Parasitoid

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2017年第12期8卷 3218-3232页

作者： Kássia C.F.Zilch Simone M.Jahnke Andreas Kohler Eduarda Bender Post-Graduation Program in Fitotecnia Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul—UFRGSPorto AlegreBrazil Laboratory of Biological Control of Insects Phytosanitary DepartmentFederal University of Rio Grande do Sul—UFRGSPorto AlegreBrazil Laboratory of Entomology University of Santa Cruz do Sul—UNISCSanta Cruz do SulBrazil

Lasioderma serricorne is known to be pest of tobacco, besides of attacking other products in storage. Anisopteromalus calandrae is an ectoparasitoid of coleopteran larvae also parasitizing the tobacco beetle. This study was aimed to evaluate the parasitism of A. calandrae on different densities of L. serricorne larvae grown in different diets and photoperiods, and to record the longevity and reproductive potential of A. calandrae. Individuals of L. serricorne were raised in three diets: wheat flour (F);wheat flour and brewer’s yeast (FY) and wheat flour and dried tobacco (FT). Different amounts of host larvae (10, 20, 50 and 100) for each diet were exposed to a couple of parasitoids. The same larval densities from diet F were exposed for 24 h to a couple of adult parasitoids maintained in three photoperiods (0:24, 12:12 and 24:0 - scotophase: photophase). The highest values of apparent parasitism were in the density of 50 larvae in the FY diet (96.34%) and 100 F (92.91%). There was no significant difference in the parameters in each photoperiod in all larval densities. However, the treatment in which hosts and parasitoids always remained in scotophase, was the one that had a significantly higher sex ratio. Females had longer longevity than males surviving for up to 25 days. On the fourth day of larvae exposure occurred, the maximum number of offspring generated. It is inferred that A. calandrae has potential to be used as a control agent for coleopterans that attack stored products.

关键词： Abiotic Factors Anisopteromalus calandrae Biological Control Lasioderma serricorne Reproductive Potential

RODENT SPECIES IN CAMBODIAN LOWLAND AGRICULTURE

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RODENT SPECIES IN CAMBODIAN LOWLAND AGRICULTURE