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Einstein Probe discovery of EP240408a: A peculiar X-ray transient with an intermediate timescale

Science China(physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第1期Mechanics & Astronomy) .卷 222-240页

作者： Wenda Zhang Weimin Yuan Zhixing Ling Yong Chen Nanda Rea Arne Rau Zhiming Cai Huaqing Cheng Francesco Coti Zelati Lixin Dai Jingwei Hu Shumei Jia Chichuan Jin Dongyue Li Paul O’Brien Rongfeng Shen Xinwen Shu Shengli Sun Xiaojin Sun Xiaofeng Wang Lei Yang Bing Zhang Chen Zhang Shuang-Nan Zhang Yonghe Zhang Jie An David Buckley Alexis Coleiro Bertrand Cordier Liming Dou Rob Eyles-Ferris Zhou Fan Hua Feng Shaoyu Fu Johan P.U.Fynbo Lluis Galbany Saurabh W.Jha Shuaiqing Jiang Albert Kong Erik Kuulkers Weihua Lei Wenxiong Li Bifang Liu Mingjun Liu Xing Liu Yuan Liu Zhu Liu Chandreyee Maitra Alessio Marino Itumeleng Monageng Kirpal Nandra Jeremy Sanders Roberto Soria Lian Tao Junfeng Wang Song Wang Tinggui Wang Zhongxiang Wang Qingwen Wu Xuefeng Wu Dong Xu Yanjun Xu Suijian Xue Yongquan Xue Zijian Zhang Zipei Zhu Hu Zou Congying Bao Fansheng Chen Houlei Chen Tianxiang Chen Wei Chen Yehai Chen Yifan Chen Chenzhou Cui Weiwei Cui Yanfeng Dai Dongwei Fan Ju Guan Dawei Han Dongjie Hou Haibo Hu Maohai Huang Jia Huo Zhenqing Jia Bowen Jiang Ge Jin Chengkui Li Junfei Li Longhui Li Maoshun Li Wei Li Zhengda Li Tianying Lian Congzhan Liu Heyang Liu Huaqiu Liu Fangjun Lu Laidan Luo Jia Ma Xuan Mao Haiwu Pan Xin Pan Liming Song Hui Sun Yunyin Tan Qingjun Tang Yihan Tao Hao Wang Juan Wang Lei Wang Wenxin Wang Yilong Wang Yusa Wang Qinyu Wu Haitao Xu Jingjing Xu Xinpeng Xu Yunfei Xu Zhao Xu Changbin Xue Yulong Xue Ailiang Yan Haonan Yang Xiongtao Yang Yanji Yang Juan Zhang Mo Zhang Wenjie Zhang Zhen Zhang Zhen Zhang Ziliang Zhang Donghua Zhao Haisheng Zhao Xiaofan Zhao Zijian Zhao Hongyan Zhou Yilin Zhou Yuxuan Zhu Zhencai Zhu National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Astronomy and Space Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics Institute of High Energy physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Space Sciences (ICE) CSIC Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC) Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial physics Innovation Academy for Microsatellites Chinese Academy of Sciences department of physics University of Hong Kong School of physics and Astronomy University of Leicester School of physics and Astronomy Sun Yat-sen University department of physics Anhui Normal University Shanghai Institute of Technical physics Chinese Academy of Sciences physics department Tsinghua University Nevada Center for Astrophysics University of Nevada Las Vegas department of physics and Astronomy University of Nevada Las Vegas South African Astronomical Observatory department of Astronomy University of Cape Town department of physics University of the Free State Université Paris Cité CNRS Astroparticule et Cosmologie Université Paris Cité CEA Paris-Saclay IRFU/DAp-AIM department of Astronomy Guangzhou University Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN) Niels Bohr Institute University of Copenhagen department of physics and Astronomy Rutgers the State University of New Jersey Institute for Cosmic Ray Research The University of Tokyo ESA/ESTEC department of Astronomy School of physics Huazhong University of Science and Technology INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino Sydney Institute for Astronomy School of physics The University of Sydney department of Astronomy Xiamen University Institute for Frontiers in Astronomy and Astrophysics Beijing Normal University department of Astronomy University of Science and Technology School of Astronomy and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Institute of Deep Space Sciences Deep Space Exploration Laboratory department of Astronomy School of physics and Astronomy Yunnan University Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chi

We report the discovery of a peculiar X-ray transient,EP240408a,by Einstein Probe （EP） and follow-up studies made with EP,Swift,NICER,GROND,ATCA and other ground-based multiwavelength *** new transient was first detected with Wide-field X-ray Telescope （WXT） on board EP on April 8th,2024,manifested in an intense yet brief X-ray flare lasting for *** flare reached a peak flux of 3.9×10-9erg cm-2s-1in 0.5-4 ke V,～300 times brighter than the underlying X-ray emission detected throughout the *** and more precise follow-up observations by EP/FXT,Swift and NICER confirmed the finding of this new *** X-ray spectrum is non-thermal in 0.5-10 ke V,with a power-law photon index varying *** X-ray light curve shows a plateau lasting for ～4 d,followed by a steep decay till becoming undetectable ～10 d after the initial *** on its temporal property and constraints from previous EP observations,an unusual timescale in the range of 7-23 d is found for EP240408a,which is intermediate between the commonly found fast and long-term *** counterparts have been found in optical and near-infrared,with the earliest observation at 17 h after the initial X-ray detection,suggestive of intrinsically weak emission in these *** demonstrate that the remarkable properties of EP240408a are inconsistent with any of the transient types known so far,by comparison with,in particular,jetted tidal disruption events,gamma-ray bursts,X-ray binaries and fast blue optical *** nature of EP240408a thus remains an *** suggest that EP240408a may represent a new type of transients with intermediate timescales of the order of～10 *** detection and follow-ups of more of such objects are essential for revealing their origin.

关键词： X-ray transients ${\bm~{Einstein~~Probe}}$

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Molecular simulation study of the microstructures and properties of pyridinium ionic liquid[HPy][BF_(4)]mixed with acetonitrile

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原子与分子物理学报 2025年第4期42卷 27-32页

作者： XU Jian-Qiang MA Zhao-Peng CHENG Si LIU Zhi-Cong ZHU Guang-Lai department of physics School of Physics and Electronic InformationAnhui Normal UniversityWuhu 241002China

The microstructures and thermodynamic properties of mixed systems comprising pyridinium ionic liquid[HPy][BF_(4)]and acetonitrile at different mole fractions were studied using molecular dynamics simulation in this *** following properties were determined:density,self-diffusion coefficient,excess molar volume,and radial distribution *** results show that with an increase in the mole fraction of[HPy][BF_(4)],the self-diffusion coefficient ***,the excess molar volume initially decreases,reaches a minimum,and then *** rules of radial distribution functions(RDFs)of characteristic atoms are *** increasing the mole fraction of[HPy][BF_(4)],the first peak of the RDFs of HA1-F decreases,while that of CT6-CT6 rises at first and then *** indicates that the solvent molecules affect the polar and non-polar regions of[HPy][BF_(4)]differently.

关键词： Pyridinium ionic liquids Thermodynamic properties Molecular dynamics simulation Radial distribution functions

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Optical properties of gold nanoclusters constructed from Au13 units

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Aggregate 2022年第6期3卷 34-42页

作者： Jie Kong Wei Zhang Yanzhen Wu Meng Zhou department of Chemical physics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhuiChina Chemical physics and nanolund Lund UniversityLundSweden

Atomically precise gold nanoclusters with diameters of 1–3 nm have attracted considerable research interests in the past decade because they fill the gap between small organic-metal complexes(3 nm).Au13 nanocluster with icosahedral structure is a ubiquitous unit widely applied in nanocluster *** this minireview,we introduce the optical properties of gold nanoclusters constructed from Au_(13) *** first discuss the optical absorption and photoluminescence of Au_(13),Au_(25),Au_(37),and Au_(60) *** then discuss the ultrafast dynamics,the detailed excited-state deactivation processes,and the origin of coherent oscillations of the Au13 homologous ***,we provide our outlook on the future direction on this topic.

关键词： absorption Au_(13) gold nanoclusters optical properties photoluminescence ultrafast dynamics

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Small extracellular vesicles derived from cerebral endothelial cells with elevated microRNA 27a promote ischemic stroke recovery

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 224-233页

作者： Yi Zhang Zhongwu Liu Michael Chopp Michael Millman Yanfeng Li Pasquale Cepparulo Amy Kemper Chao Li Li Zhang Zheng Gang Zhang department of Neurology Henry Ford HospitalDetroitMIUSA department of physics Oakland UniversityRochesterMIUSA department of Pathology Henry Ford HospitalDetroitMIUSA Division of Pharmacology Department of NeuroscienceReproductive and Dentistry SciencesSchool of MedicineUniversity of Naples“Federico Ⅱ”NaplesItaly

Axonal remodeling is a critical aspect of ischemic brain repair processes and contributes to spontaneous functional *** previous in vitro study demonstrated that exosomes/small extracellular vesicles(sEVs)isolated from cerebral endothelial cells(CEC-sEVs)of ischemic brain promote axonal growth of embryonic cortical neurons and that microRNA 27a(miR-27a)is an elevated miRNA in ischemic *** the present study,we investigated whether normal CEC-sEVs engineered to enrich their levels of miR-27a(27a-sEVs)further enhance axonal growth and improve neurological outcomes after ischemic stroke when compared with treatment with non-engineered CEC-sEVs.27a-sEVs were isolated from the conditioned medium of healthy mouse CECs transfected with a lentiviral miR-27a expression *** EVs isolated from CECs transfected with a scramble vector(Scra-sEVs)were used as a *** male mice were subjected to permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion and then were randomly treated with 27a-sEVs or *** array of behavior assays was used to measure neurological *** with treatment of ischemic stroke with Scra-sEVs,treatment with 27a-sEVs significantly augmented axons and spines in the peri-infarct zone and in the corticospinal tract of the spinal grey matter of the denervated side,and significantly improved neurological *** vitro studies demonstrated that CEC-sEVs carrying reduced miR-27a abolished 27a-sEV-augmented axonal *** analysis revealed that 27a-sEVs systemically administered preferentially localized to the pre-synaptic active zone,while quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western Blot analysis showed elevated miR-27a,and reduced axonal inhibitory proteins Semaphorin 6A and Ras Homolog Family Member A in the peri-infarct *** of the Clathrin-dependent endocytosis pathway substantially reduced neuronal internalization of *** data provide evidence that 27a-sEVs have

关键词： axonal remodeling cerebral endothelial cells exosomes miR-27a mitochondria Semaphorin 6A small extracellular vesicles stroke

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Reducing the measurement errors in nonadiabatic holonomic quantum computers

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Science China(physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第1期Mechanics & Astronomy) .卷 64-70页

作者： Guo-Fu Xu department of physics Shandong University

Nonadiabatic holonomic quantum computers serve as the physical platform for nonadiabatic holonomic quantum *** quantum computation has entered the noisy intermediate-scale era, building accurate intermediate-scale nonadiabatic holonomic quantum computers is clearly necessary. Given that measurements are the sole means of extracting information, they play an indispensable role in nonadiabatic holonomic quantum computers. Accordingly, developing methods to reduce measurement errors in nonadiabatic holonomic quantum computers is of great importance. However, while much attention has been given to the research on nonadiabatic holonomic gates, the research on reducing measurement errors in nonadiabatic holonomic quantum computers is severely lacking. In this study, we propose a measurement error reduction method tailored for intermediate-scale nonadiabatic holonomic quantum computers. The reason we say this is because our method can not only reduce the measurement errors in the computer but also be useful in mitigating errors originating from nonadiabatic holonomic gates. Given these features,our method significantly advances the construction of accurate intermediate-scale nonadiabatic holonomic quantum computers.

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Structure and electrochemical performance of delafossite AgFeO_(2)nanoparticles for supercapacitor electrodes

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2025年第1期32卷 201-213页

作者： Choulong Veann Thongsuk Sichumsaeng Ornuma Kalawa Narong Chanlek Pinit Kidkhunthod Santi Maensiri School of physics Institute of ScienceSuranaree University of TechnologyNakhon Ratchasima 30000Thailand SUT Center of Excellence on Advanced Functional Materials Suranaree University of TechnologyNakhon Ratchasima 30000Thailand Synchrotron Light Research Institute Nakhon Ratchasima 30000Thailand department of physics Universitas Negeri MalangMalang 65145Indonesia

Delafossite AgFeO_(2)nanoparticles with a mixture of 2H and 3R phases were successfully fabricated by using a simple co-precipitation *** resulting precursor was calcined at temperatures of 100,200,300,400,and 500℃to obtain the delafossite AgFe0_(2)*** morphology and microstructure of the prepared AgFeO_(2)samples were characterized by using field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),N_(2) adsorption/desorption,X-ray absorption spectroscopy(XAS),and Xray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)techniques.A three-electrode system was employed to investigate the electrochemical properties of the delafossite AgFeO_(2)nanoparticles in a 3 M KOH *** delafossite AgFeO_(2)nanoparticles calcined at 100℃(AFO100)exhibited the highest surface area of 28.02 m^(2)·g^(-1)and outstanding electrochemical performance with specific capacitances of 229.71 F·g^(-1)at a current density of 1 A·g^(-1)and 358.32 F·g^(-1)at a scan rate of 2 mV·s^(-1).This sample also demonstrated the capacitance retention of 82.99% after 1000 charge/discharge cycles,along with superior specific power and specific energy values of 797.46 W·kg^(-1)and 72.74Wh·kg^(-1),*** findings indicate that delafossite AgFeO_(2)has great potential as an electrode material for supercapacitor applications.

关键词： nanoparticles delafossite electrochemical properties X-ray absorption spectroscopy co-precipitation supercapacitor

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Bottom-up approaches to microLEDs emitting red, green and blue light based on GaN nanowires and relaxed InGaN platelets

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Chinese physics B 2023年第1期32卷 1-10页

作者：毕朝霞 Anders Gustafsson Lars Samuelson Anders Gustafsson and Lars Samuelson Division of Solid State Physics and NanoLundLund UniversityBox 118SE-22100 LundSweden

Miniaturization of light-emitting diodes(LEDs) with sizes down to a few micrometers has become a hot topic in both academia and industry due to their attractive applications on self-emissive displays for high-definition televisions,augmented/mixed realities and head-up displays, and also on optogenetics, high-speed light communication, etc. The conventional top-down technology uses dry etching to define the LED size, leading to damage to the LED side *** sizes of microLEDs approach the carrier diffusion length, the damaged side walls play an important role, reducing microLED performance significantly from that of large area LEDs. In this paper, we review our efforts on realization of microLEDs by direct bottom-up growth, based on selective area metal–organic vapor phase epitaxy. The individual LEDs based on either GaN nanowires or InGaN platelets are smaller than 1 μm in our approach. Such nano-LEDs can be used as building blocks in arrays to assemble microLEDs with different sizes, avoiding the side wall damage by dry etching encountered for the top-down approach. The technology of InGaN platelets is especially interesting since InGaN quantum wells emitting red, green and blue light can be grown on such platelets with a low-level of strain by changing the indium content in the InGaN platelets. This technology is therefore very attractive for highly efficient microLEDs of three primary colors for displays.

关键词： microLEDs RGB GaN InGaN

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High resolution strain mapping of a single axially heterostructured nanowire using scanning X-ray diffraction

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Nano Research 2020年第9期13卷 2460-2468页

作者： Susanna Hammarberg Vilgaile Dagyte Lert Chayanun Megan O.Hill Alexander Wyke Alexander Bjorling Ulf Johansson Sebastian Kalbfleisch Magnus Heurlin Lincoln J.Lauhon Magnus T.Borgstrom Jesper Wallentin Synchrotron Radiation Research and nanolund Lund UniversityBox 118Lund 22100Sweden Solid State physics and nanolund Lund UniversityBox 118Lund 22100Sweden department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIllinois 60208USA MAX IV Laboratory Lund UniversityBox 118Lund 22100Sweden

Axially heterostructured nanowires are a promising platform for next generation electronic and optoelectronic *** based on theoretical modeling have predicted more complex strain distributions and increased critical layer thicknesses than in thin films,due to lateral strain relaxation at the surface,but the understanding of the growth and strain distributions in these complex structures is hampered by the lack of high-resolution characterization ***,we demonstrate strain mapping of an axially segmented GalnP-lnP 190 nm diameter nanowire heterostructure using scanning X-ray *** systematically investigate the strain distribution and lattice tilt in three different segment lengths from 45 to 170 nm,obtaining strain maps with about 10^-4 relative strain *** experiments were performed using the 90 nm diameter nanofocus at the NanoMAX beamline,taking advantage of the high coherent flux from the first diffraction limited storage ring MAX *** experimental results are in good agreement with a full simulation of the experiment based on a three-dimensional(3D)finite element *** largest segments show a complex profile,where the lateral strain relaxation at the surface leads to a dome-shaped strain distribution from the mismatched interfaces,and a change from tensile to compressive strain within a single *** lattice tilt maps show a cross-shaped profile with excellent qualitative and quantitative agreement with the *** contrast,the shortest measured InP segment is almost fully adapted to the surrounding GalnP segments.

关键词： strain mapping nanowire heterostructure X-ray diffraction(XRD) MAX IV finite element modeling

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Molecule‑Level Multiscale Design of Nonflammable Gel Polymer Electrolyte to Build Stable SEI/CEI for Lithium Metal Battery

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第1期17卷 404-423页

作者： Qiqi Sun Zelong Gong Tao Zhang Jiafeng Li Xianli Zhu Ruixiao Zhu Lingxu Wang Leyuan Ma Xuehui Li Miaofa Yuan Zhiwei Zhang Luyuan Zhang Zhao Qian Longwei Yin Rajeev Ahuja Chengxiang Wang Key Laboratory for Liquid‑Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials(Ministry of Education) School of Materials Science and EngineeringShandong UniversityJinan 250061People’s Republic of China Condensed Matter Theory Department of Physics and AstronomyUppsala UniversityUppsala 75120Sweden

The risk of flammability is an unavoidable issue for gel polymer electrolytes(GPEs).Usually,flameretardant solvents are necessary to be used,but most of them would react with anode/cathode easily and cause serious interfacial instability,which is a big challenge for design and application of nonflammable ***,a nonflammable GPE(SGPE)is developed by in situ polymerizing trifluoroethyl methacrylate(TFMA)monomers with flame-retardant triethyl phosphate(TEP)solvents and LiTFSI–LiDFOB dual lithium *** is strongly anchored to PTFMA matrix via polarity interaction between-P=O and-CH_(2)CF_(3).It reduces free TEP molecules,which obviously mitigates interfacial reactions,and enhances flame-retardant performance of TEP *** TEP molecules are also inhibited in solvation of Li^(+),leading to anion-dominated solvation sheath,which creates inorganic-rich solid electrolyte interface/cathode electrolyte interface *** coordination structure changes Li^(+)transport from sluggish vehicular to fast structural transport,raising ionic conductivity to 1.03 mS cm^(-1) and transfer number to 0.41 at 30℃.The Li|SGPE|Li cell presents highly reversible Li stripping/plating performance for over 1000 h at 0.1 mA cm^(−2),and 4.2 V LiCoO_(2)|SGPE|Li battery delivers high average specific capacity>120 mAh g^(−1) over 200 *** study paves a new way to make nonflammable GPE that is compatible with Li metal anode.

关键词： Anchoring effect Nonflammable gel electrolyte In situ cross-linked Electrode-electrolyte interface Li metal battery

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Construction of 3D porous Cu_(1.81)S/nitrogen-doped carbon frameworks for ultrafast and long-cycle life sodium-ion storage

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2025年第1期32卷 191-200页

作者： Chen Chen Hongyu Xue Qilin Hu Mengfan Wang Pan Shang Ziyan Liu Tao Peng Deyang Zhang Yongsong Luo Key Laboratory of Microelectronics and Energy of Henan Province Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of New Energy Storage TechnologyCollege of Physics and Electronic EngineeringXinyang Normal UniversityXinyang 464000China School of physics and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Normal UniversityNanyang 473061China

Transition metal sulfides have great potential as anode mterials for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)due to their high theoretical specific ***,the inferior intrinsic conductivity and large volume variation during sodiation-desodiation processes seriously affect its high-rate and long-cyde performance,unbeneficial for the application as fast-charging and long-cycling SIBs ***,the three-dimensional porous Cu_(1.81)S/nitrogen-doped carbon frameworks(Cu_(1.81)S/NC)are synthesized by the simple and facile sol-gel and annealing processes,which can accommodate the volumetric expansion of Cu_(1.81)S nanoparticles and accelerate the transmission of ions and electrons during Na^(+)insertion/extraction processes,exhibiting the excellent rate capability(250.6 mA·g^(-1)at 20.0 A·g^(-1))and outstanding cycling stability(70% capacity retention for 6000 cycles at 10.0 A·g^(-1))for ***,the Na-ion full cells coupled with Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)/C cathode also demonstrate the satisfactory reversible specific capacity of 330.5 mAh·g^(-1)at 5.0 A·g^(-1)and long-cycle performance with the 86.9% capacity retention at 2.0 A·g^(-1)after 750 *** work proposes a promising way for the conversionbased metal sulfides for the applications as fast-charging sodium-ion battery anode.

关键词： copper sulfide nanoparticles porous carbon framework fast charging long-cycle performance sodium-ion full batteries

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